Details

Pharmacophores and Pharmacophore Searches


Pharmacophores and Pharmacophore Searches


Methods & Principles in Medicinal Chemistry, Band 32 1. Aufl.

von: Thierry Langer, Rémy D. Hoffmann, Raimund Mannhold, Hugo Kubinyi, Gerd Folkers

156,99 €

Verlag: Wiley-VCH
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 13.12.2006
ISBN/EAN: 9783527608720
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 395

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Beschreibungen

This handbook is the first to address the practical aspects of this novel method. It provides a complete overview of the field and progresses from general considerations to real life scenarios in drug discovery research. <br> Starting with an introductory historical overview, the authors move on to discuss ligand-based approaches, including 3D pharmacophores and 4D QSAR, as well as the concept and application of pseudoreceptors. The next section on structure-based approaches includes pharmcophores from ligand-protein complexes, FLIP and 3D protein-ligand binding interactions. The whole is rounded off with a complete section devoted to applications and examples, including modeling of ADME properties.<br> With its critical evaluation of pharmacophore-based strategies, this book represents a valuable aid for project leaders and decision-makers in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as pharmacologists, and medicinal and chemists.
<b>Preface.</b> <p><b>A Personal Foreword.</b></p> <p><b>List of Contributors.</b></p> <p><b>Part I Introduction.</b></p> <p><b>1 Pharmacophores: Historical Perspective and Viewpoint from a Medicinal Chemist</b> (<i>Camille G. Wermuth</i>).</p> <p>1.1 Definitions.</p> <p>1.2 Historical Perspective.</p> <p>1.3 Pharmacophores: the Viewpoint of a Medicinal Chemist.</p> <p>1.4 Conclusion.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>Part II Pharmacophore Approaches.</b></p> <p><b>2 Pharmacophore Model Generation Software Tools</b> (<i>Konstantin Poptodorov, Tien Luu, and Rémy D. Hoffmann</i>).</p> <p>2.1 Introduction.</p> <p>2.2 Molecular Alignments.</p> <p>2.3 Pharmacophore Modeling.</p> <p>2.4 Automated Pharmacophore Generation Methods.</p> <p>2.5 Other Methods.</p> <p>2.6 Conclusions.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>3 Alignment-free Pharmacophore Patterns – A Correlation-vector Approach</b> (<i>Steffen Renner, Uli Fechner, and Gisbert Schneider</i>).</p> <p>3.1 Introduction.</p> <p>3.2 The Correlation-vector Approach.</p> <p>3.3 Applications.</p> <p>3.4 New Methods Influenced by the Correlation-vector Approach.</p> <p>3.5 Conclusions.</p> <p>Acknowledgments.</p> <p>Abbreviations.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>4 Feature Trees: Theory and Applications from Large-scale Virtual Screening to Data Analysis</b> (<i>Matthias Rarey, Patrick Fricker, Sally Hindle, Günther Metz, Christian Rummey, and Marc Zimmermann</i>).</p> <p>4.1 Introduction: from Linear to Non-linear Molecular Descriptors.</p> <p>4.2 Creating Feature Trees from Molecules.</p> <p>4.3 Algorithms for Pairwise Comparison of Feature Trees.</p> <p>4.4 Feature Trees in Similarity Searching and Virtual Screening.</p> <p>4.5 Searching Combinatorial Fragment Spaces with Feature Trees.</p> <p>4.6 Multiple Feature Tree Models: Applications in HTS Data Analysis.</p> <p>4.7 Drawing Similar Compounds in 2D Using Feature TreeMappings.</p> <p>4.8 Conclusion.</p> <p>Acknowledgments.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>5 Concept and Applications of Pseudoreceptors</b> (<i>Klaus-Jürgen Schleifer</i>).</p> <p>5.1 Introduction.</p> <p>5.2 Methodology.</p> <p>5.3 Application of Pseudoreceptors.</p> <p>5.4 Conclusion.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>6 Pharmacophores from Macromolecular Complexes with LigandScout</b> (<i>Gerhard Wolber and Robert Kosara</i>).</p> <p>6.1 Introduction.</p> <p>6.2 The Data Source: Clean-up and Interpretation of PDB Ligand Molecules.</p> <p>6.3 Chemical Feature-based Pharmacophores Used by LigandScout.</p> <p>6.4 Overlaying Chemical Features.</p> <p>6.5 3D Visualization and Interaction.</p> <p>6.6 Application Examples: Pharmacophore Generation and Screening.</p> <p>6.7 Conclusion.</p> <p>Acknowledgments.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>7 GRID-based Pharmacophore Models: Concept and Application Examples</b> (<i>Francesco Ortuso, Stefano Alcaro, and Thierry Langer</i>).</p> <p>7.1 Introduction.</p> <p>7.2 Theoretical Basis of the GBPM Method.</p> <p>7.3 Application Examples.</p> <p>7.4 Conclusions.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>8 “Hot Spot” Analysis of Protein-binding Sites as a Prerequisite for Structure-based Virtual Screening and Lead Optimization</b> (<i>Ruth Brenk and Gerhard Klebe</i>).</p> <p>8.1 Introduction.</p> <p>8.2 Calculating “Hot Spots”.</p> <p>8.3 From “Hot Spots” to Molecules.</p> <p>8.4 Real-life Examples.</p> <p>8.5 Replacement of Active-site Water Molecules.</p> <p>8.6 Conclusions.</p> <p>Acknowledgments.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>9 Application of Pharmacophore Fingerprints to Structure-based Design and Data Mining</b> (<i>Prabha Karnachi and Amit Kulkarni</i>).</p> <p>9.1 Introduction.</p> <p>9.2 Applications of 3D Pharmacophore Fingerprints.</p> <p>9.3 Conclusion.</p> <p>Acknowledgments.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>10 SIFt: Analysis, Organization and Database Mining for Protein-Inhibitor Complexes. Application to Protein Kinase Inhibitors</b> (<i>Juswinder Singh, Zhan Deng, and Claudio Chuaqui</i>).</p> <p>10.1 Introduction.</p> <p>10.2 How to Generate a SIFt Fingerprint.</p> <p>10.3 Profile-based SIFts.</p> <p>10.4 SIFt and the Analysis of Protein Kinase – Inhibitor Complexes.</p> <p>10.5 Canonical Protein – Small Molecule Interactions in the Kinase Family.</p> <p>10.6 Clustering of Kinase Inhibitors Based on Interaction Fingerprints.</p> <p>10.7 Profile Analysis of ATP, p38 and CDK2 Complexes.</p> <p>10.8 Virtual Screening.</p> <p>10.9 Use of p-SIFT to Enrich Selectively p38, CDK2 and ATP Complexes.</p> <p>10.10 Conclusion.</p> <p>Acknowledgments.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>11 Application of Structure-based Alignment Methods for 3D QSAR Analyses</b> (<i>Wolfgang Sippl</i>).</p> <p>11.1 Introduction.</p> <p>11.2 Why is 3D QSAR So Attractive?</p> <p>11.3 CoMFA and Related Methods.</p> <p>11.3.1 CoMFA.</p> <p>11.3.2 CoMSIA.</p> <p>11.3.3 GRID/GOLPE.</p> <p>11.4 Reliability of 3D QSAR Models.</p> <p>11.5 Structure-based Alignments Within 3D QSAR.</p> <p>11.6 Conclusion.</p> <p>Acknowledgments.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>Part III Pharmacophores for Hit Identification and Lead Profiling: Applications and Validation.</b></p> <p><b>12 Application of Pharmacophore Models in Medicinal Chemistry</b> (<i>Fabrizio Manetti, Maurizio Botta, and Andrea Tafi</i>).</p> <p>12.1 Introduction.</p> <p>12.2 Building Pharmacophore Models Able to Account for the Molecular Features Required to Target the <i>a</i><sub>1</sub> Adrenergic Receptor (<i>a</i><sub>1</sub>-AR) and its Subtypes.</p> <p>12.3 Use of Excluded Volume Features in the Rationalization of the Activity Data of Azole Antifungal Agents.</p> <p>12.4 Conclusion.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>13 GPCR</b> <b><i>Anti-target</i></b> <b>Modeling: Pharmacophore Models to Avoid GPCR-mediated Side-effects</b> (<i>Thomas Klabunde</i>).</p> <p>13.1 Introduction: GPCRs as Anti-targets.</p> <p>13.2 In Silico Tools for GPCR Anti-target Modeling.</p> <p>13.3 GPCR Anti-target Pharmacophore Modeling: the <i>a</i><sub>1a</sub> Adrenergic Receptor.</p> <p>13.4 Conclusion.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>14 Pharmacophores for Human ADME/Tox-related Proteins</b> (<i>Cheng Chang and Sean Ekins</i>).</p> <p>14.1 Introduction.</p> <p>14.2 Cytochrome P450.</p> <p>14.3 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.</p> <p>14.4 P-glycoprotein (P-gp).</p> <p>14.5 Human Peptide Transporter 1.</p> <p>14.6 Apical Sodium-dependent Bile Acid Transporter (ASBT)).</p> <p>14.7 Sodium Taurocholate-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP).</p> <p>14.8 Nucleoside Transporters.</p> <p>14.9 Organic Cation Transporter 1 and 2.</p> <p>14.10 Organic Anion-transporting Polypeptides (OATPs).</p> <p>14.11 Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BRCP).</p> <p>14.12 The Nuclear Hormone Receptors.</p> <p>14.13 Human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene.</p> <p>14.14 Conclusion.</p> <p>Acknowledgments.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>15 Are You Sure You Have a Good Model?</b> (<i>Nicolas Triballeau, Hugues-Olivier Bertrand, and Francine Acher</i>).</p> <p>15.1 Introduction.</p> <p>15.2 Validation Methods: Different Answers Brought to Different Questions.</p> <p>15.3 A Successful Application: the Ultimate Validation Proof.</p> <p>15.4 Case Study: a New Pharmacophore Model for mGlu4R Agonists.</p> <p>15.5 Conclusion.</p> <p>Acknowledgments.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>Subject Index.</b></p>
‘With its critical evaluation of pharmacophore-based strategies, this book represents a valuable aid…’ (<i>Anticancer Research</i>, 2007)
<b>Thierry Langer</b> (b. 1962) is heading the Computer Aided Molecular Design Group at the University of Innsbruck (Tyrol, Austria). After his pharmacy M.S. degree (1987) he obtained a Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry at the University of Vienna (Austria) in 1991. He then spent one year as a post-doc fellow at the Universiteacute; Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg, France) with C. G. Wermuth. In 1992 he moved to the University of Innsbruck, where he established the molecular modeling group. Since 1997 he is associate professor for pharmaceutical chemistry. <br /> In addition to his academic appointments, he is also the founder and CEO of the Inteligand, a company specialized in providing computational services for the pharmaceutical industry.<br /> Professor Langer's main research interests are focused on theoretical pharmaceutical chemistry, drug design, and pharmacophore modeling using molecular modeling techniques as well as QSAR and 3D-QSAR. <br />
In their search for new drugs, medicinal chemists are trying to pinpoint and optimize only the active part of a pharmaceutical substance, without interference from other parts of the molecule. The "pharmacophore" is a virtual representation of the active part of a drug that enables them to do just that. Once identified, pharmacophores can then be used for the screening of drug libraries and drug targets to find novel active substances that can be developed into drugs. <p>This handbook is the first to address the practical aspects of this novel method. It provides a complete overview of the field, progressing from general considerations to real life scenarios in drug discovery research.</p> <p>Starting with an introductory historical overview, the authors move on to discuss ligand-based approaches, including 3D pharmacophores and 4D QSAR, as well as the concept and application of pseudoreceptors. The next section on structure-based approaches includes pharmacophores from ligand-protein complexes, FLIP and 3D protein-ligand binding interactions. The whole is rounded off with a complete section devoted to applications and examples, including modeling of ADME properties.</p> <p>With its critical evaluation of pharmacophore-based strategies, this book represents a valuable aid for project leaders and decision-makers in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as pharmacologists, and medicinal and organic chemists.</p>

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