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<p>Preface<br /> <i>Andreas Schmittner, John C. H. Chiang, and Sidney R. Hemming</i> vii</p> <p><b>Section 1. Introduction</b></p> <p>Introduction: The Ocean's Meridional Overturning Circulation<br /> <i>Andreas Schmittner, John C. H. Chiang, and Sidney R. Hemming</i> 1</p> <p>Discovery and Quantification of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: The Importance of 25°N<br /> <i>Hannah R. Longworth and Harry L. Bryden</i> 5</p> <p><b>Section 2. Theory and Perspectives</b></p> <p>A Simple Theory of the Pycnocline and Overturning Revisited<br /> <i>Anand Gnanadesikan, Agatha M. de Boer, and Bryan K. Mignone</i> 19</p> <p>Buoyancy-Driven Flow and Nature of Vertical Mixing in a Zonally Averaged Model<br /> <i>Olivier Marchal, Charles Jackson, Johan Nilsson, André Paul, and Thomas F. Stocker</i> 33</p> <p>The Past and Future Ocean Circulation From a Contemporary Perspective<br /> <i>Carl Wunsch</i> 53</p> <p><b>Section 3. Current State and Trend</b></p> <p>Present-Day Manifestation of the Nordic Seas Overflows<br /> <i>Detlef Quadfasel and Rolf Käse</i> 75</p> <p>Circulation and Deep Water Export of the Subpolar North Atlantic During the 1990's<br /> <i>Friedrich A. Schott and Peter Brandt</i> 91</p> <p>Strength and Variability of the Deep Limb of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation From Chlorofluorocarbon Inventories<br /> <i>W. M. Smethie, Jr., Deborah A. LeBel, Rana A. Fine, Monika Rhein, and Dagmar Kieke</i> 119</p> <p><b>Section 4. Decadal to Centennial Variability</b></p> <p>Decadal to Centennial Variability of the Atlantic From Observations and Models<br /> <i>Thomas L. Delworth, Rong Zhang, and Michael E. Mann</i> 131</p> <p>Decadal to Multidecadal Variability of the Atlantic MOC: Mechanisms and Predictability<br /> <i>M. Latif, C. W. Böning, J. Willebrand, A. Biastoch, F. Alvarez-Garcia, N. Keenlyside, and H. Pohlmann</i> 149</p> <p><b>Section 5. Past States and Millennial Variability</b></p> <p>Is the Frequency of Abrupt Climate Change Modulated by the Orbital Insolation?<br /> <i>J. A. Rial and M. Yang</i> 167</p> <p>14C Reservoir Ages Show Deglacial Changes in Ocean Currents and Carbon Cycle<br /> <i>Michael Sarnthein, Pieter M. Grootes, James P. Kennett, and Marie-Josee Nadeau</i> 175</p> <p>Phasing of Millennial Climate Events and Northeast Atlantic Deep-Water Temperature Change Since 50 ka BP<br /> <i>L. C. Skinner, H. Elderfield, and M. Hall</i> 197</p> <p>Mechanisms for an ~7-kyr Climate and Sea-Level Oscillation During Marine Isotope Stage 3<br /> <i>Peter U. Clark, Steven W. Hostetler, Nicklas G. Pisias, Andreas Schmittner, and Katrin J. Meissner</i> 209</p> <p>North Atlantic Intermediate Depth Variability During the Younger Dryas: Evidence From Benthic Foraminiferal Mg/Ca and the GFDL R30 Coupled Climate Model<br /> <i>Rosemarie E. Came, William B. Curry, Delia W. Oppo, Anthony J. Broccoli, Ronald J. Stouffer, and Jean Lynch-Stieglitz</i> 247</p> <p><b>Section 6. Impact on Climate, Ecosystems, and Biogeochemical Cycles</b></p> <p>Musings About the Connection Between Thermohaline Circulation and Climate<br /> <i>Wallace S. Broecker</i> 265</p> <p>Millennial-Scale Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Low-Latitude Precipation: Speleothem Evidence and Possible High-Latitude Forcing<br /> <i>Xianfeng Wang, R. Lawrence Edwards, Augusto S. Auler, Hai Cheng, and Emi Ito</i> 279</p> <p>Adjustment of the Global Climate to an Abrupt Slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation<br /> <i>Wei Cheng, Cecilia M. Bitz, and John C.H. Chiang</i> 295</p> <p>Impact of the Ocean's Overturning Circulation on Atmospheric CO2<br /> <i>Andreas Schmittner, Edward J. Brook, and Jinho Ahn</i> 315</p> <p>Antarctic Stratification, Atmospheric Water Vapor, and Heinrich Events: A Hypothesis for Late Pleistocene Deglaciations<br /> <i>Daniel M. Sigman, Agatha M. de Boer, and Gerald H. Haug</i> 335</p> <p><b>Section 7. Future Projections</b></p> <p>Response of the Meridional Overturning Circulation During Differing Pathways Toward Greenhouse Gas Stabilization<br /> <i>F. O. Bryan, N. Nakashiki, Y. Yoshida, and K. Maruyama</i> 351</p> <p>Projected Strengthening of the Southern Ocean Winds: Some Implications for the Deep Ocean Circulation<br /> <i>Oleg A. Saenko</i> 365</p> <p>Effect of the Greenland Ice-Sheet Melting on the Response and Stability of the AMOC in the Next Centuries<br /> <i>Didier Swingedouw and Pascale Braconnot</i> 383</p>

Andreas Schmittner is a scientist interested in Earth's climate system as a whole. Most of his work is focussed on the oceans, their physics, biology, chemistry and variability on decadal to millennial time scales. He tries to understand the causes for today's global deep overturning circulation, how and why it has changed in the past, how it may change in the future due to natural or human influences, how it impacts climate, ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles including isotopes.

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