Details

Modern Engineering Statistics


Modern Engineering Statistics


1. Aufl.

von: Thomas P. Ryan

166,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 16.10.2007
ISBN/EAN: 9780470128435
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 608

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Beschreibungen

<b>An introductory perspective on statistical applications in the field of engineering</b> <p><i>Modern Engineering Statistics</i> presents state-of-the-art statistical methodology germane to engineering applications. With a nice blend of methodology and applications, this book provides and carefully explains the concepts necessary for students to fully grasp and appreciate contemporary statistical techniques in the context of engineering.</p> <p>With almost thirty years of teaching experience, many of which were spent teaching engineering statistics courses, the author has successfully developed a book that displays modern statistical techniques and provides effective tools for student use. This book features:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Examples demonstrating the use of statistical thinking and methodology for practicing engineers</p> </li> <li> <p>A large number of chapter exercises that provide the opportunity for readers to solve engineering-related problems, often using real data sets</p> </li> <li> <p>Clear illustrations of the relationship between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals</p> </li> <li> <p>Extensive use of Minitab and JMP to illustrate statistical analyses</p> </li> </ul> <p>The book is written in an engaging style that interconnects and builds on discussions, examples, and methods as readers progress from chapter to chapter. The assumptions on which the methodology is based are stated and tested in applications. Each chapter concludes with a summary highlighting the key points that are needed in order to advance in the text, as well as a list of references for further reading. Certain chapters that contain more than a few methods also provide end-of-chapter guidelines on the proper selection and use of those methods. Bridging the gap between statistics education and real-world applications, Modern Engineering Statistics is ideal for either a one- or two-semester course in engineering statistics.</p>
<p>Preface xvii</p> <p><b>1. Methods of Collecting and Presenting Data 1</b></p> <p>1.1 Observational Data and Data from Designed Experiments 3</p> <p>1.2 Populations and Samples 5</p> <p>1.3 Variables 6</p> <p>1.4 Methods of Displaying Small Data Sets 7</p> <p>1.5 Methods of Displaying Large Data Sets 16</p> <p>1.6 Outliers 22</p> <p>1.7 Other Methods 22</p> <p>1.8 Extremely Large Data Sets: Data Mining 23</p> <p>1.9 Graphical Methods: Recommendations 23</p> <p>1.10 Summary 24</p> <p>References 24</p> <p>Exercises 25</p> <p><b>2. Measures of Location and Dispersion 45</b></p> <p>2.1 Estimating Location Parameters 46</p> <p>2.2 Estimating Dispersion Parameters 50</p> <p>2.3 Estimating Parameters from Grouped Data 55</p> <p>2.4 Estimates from a Boxplot 57</p> <p>2.5 Computing Sample Statistics with MINITAB 58</p> <p>2.6 Summary 58</p> <p>Reference 58</p> <p>Exercises 58</p> <p><b>3. Probability and Common Probability Distributions 68</b></p> <p>3.1 Probability: From the Ethereal to the Concrete 68</p> <p>3.3 Common Discrete Distributions 76</p> <p>3.4 Common Continuous Distributions 92</p> <p>3.5 General Distribution Fitting 106</p> <p>3.6 How to Select a Distribution 107</p> <p>3.7 Summary 108</p> <p>References 109</p> <p>Exercises 109</p> <p><b>4. Point Estimation 121</b></p> <p>4.1 Point Estimators and Point Estimates 121</p> <p>4.2 Desirable Properties of Point Estimators 121</p> <p>4.3 Distributions of Sampling Statistics 125</p> <p>4.4 Methods of Obtaining Estimators 128</p> <p>4.5 Estimating σ<sub>θ</sub> 132</p> <p>4.6 Estimating Parameters <i>Without</i> Data 133</p> <p>4.7 Summary 133</p> <p>References 134</p> <p>Exercises 134</p> <p><b>5. Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests—One Sample 140</b></p> <p>5.1 Confidence Interval for <i>μ</i>: Normal Distribution σ Not Estimated from Sample Data 140</p> <p>5.2 Confidence Interval for <i>μ</i>: Normal Distribution σ Estimated from Sample Data 146</p> <p>5.3 Hypothesis Tests for <i>μ</i>: Using Z and <i>t</i> 147</p> <p>5.4 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests for a Proportion 157</p> <p>5.5 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests for σ<sup>2</sup> and σ 161</p> <p>5.6 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests for the Poisson Mean 164</p> <p>5.7 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests When Standard Error Expressions are Not Available 166</p> <p>5.8 Type I and Type II Errors 168</p> <p>5.9 Practical Significance and Narrow Intervals: The Role of <i>n</i> 172</p> <p>5.10 Other Types of Confidence Intervals 173</p> <p>5.11 Abstract of Main Procedures 174</p> <p>5.12 Summary 175</p> <p>Appendix: Derivation 176</p> <p>References 176</p> <p>Exercises 177</p> <p><b>6. Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests—Two Samples 189</b></p> <p>6.1 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests for Means: Independent Samples 189</p> <p>6.2 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests for Means: Dependent Samples 197</p> <p>6.3 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests for Two Proportions 200</p> <p>6.4 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests for Two Variances 202</p> <p>6.5 Abstract of Procedures 204</p> <p>6.6 Summary 205</p> <p>References 205</p> <p>Exercises 205</p> <p><b>7. Tolerance Intervals and Prediction Intervals 214</b></p> <p>7.1 Tolerance Intervals: Normality Assumed 215</p> <p>7.2 Tolerance Intervals and Six Sigma 219</p> <p>7.3 Distribution-Free Tolerance Intervals 219</p> <p>7.4 Prediction Intervals 221</p> <p>7.5 Choice Between Intervals 227</p> <p>7.6 Summary 227</p> <p>References 228</p> <p>Exercises 229</p> <p><b>8. Simple Linear Regression Correlation and Calibration 232</b></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 232</p> <p>8.2 Simple Linear Regression 232</p> <p>8.3 Correlation 254</p> <p>8.4 Miscellaneous Uses of Regression 256</p> <p>8.5 Summary 264</p> <p>References 264</p> <p>Exercises 265</p> <p><b>9. Multiple Regression 276</b></p> <p>9.1 How Do We Start? 277</p> <p>9.2 Interpreting Regression Coefficients 278</p> <p>9.3 Example with Fixed Regressors 279</p> <p>9.4 Example with Random Regressors 281</p> <p>9.5 Example of Section 8.2.4 Extended 291</p> <p>9.6 Selecting Regression Variables 293</p> <p>9.7 Transformations 299</p> <p>9.8 Indicator Variables 300</p> <p>9.9 Regression Graphics 300</p> <p>9.10 Logistic Regression and Nonlinear Regression Models 301</p> <p>9.11 Regression with Matrix Algebra 302</p> <p>9.12 Summary 302</p> <p>References 303</p> <p>Exercises 304</p> <p><b>10. Mechanistic Models 314</b></p> <p>10.1 Mechanistic Models 315</p> <p>10.2 Empirical–Mechanistic Models 316</p> <p>10.3 Additional Examples 324</p> <p>10.4 Software 325</p> <p>10.5 Summary 326</p> <p>References 326</p> <p>Exercises 327</p> <p><b>11. Control Charts and Quality Improvement 330</b></p> <p>11.1 Basic Control Chart Principles 330</p> <p>11.2 Stages of Control Chart Usage 331</p> <p>11.3 Assumptions and Methods of Determining Control Limits 334</p> <p>11.4 Control Chart Properties 335</p> <p>11.5 Types of Charts 336</p> <p>11.6 Shewhart Charts for Controlling a Process Mean and Variability (Without Subgrouping) 336</p> <p>11.7 Shewhart Charts for Controlling a Process Mean and Variability (With Subgrouping) 344</p> <p>11.8 Important Use of Control Charts for Measurement Data 349</p> <p>11.9 Shewhart Control Charts for Nonconformities and Nonconforming Units 349</p> <p>11.10 Alternatives to Shewhart Charts 356</p> <p>11.11 Finding Assignable Causes 359</p> <p>11.12 Multivariate Charts 362</p> <p>11.13 Case Study 362</p> <p>11.14 Engineering Process Control 364</p> <p>11.15 Process Capability 365</p> <p>11.16 Improving Quality with Designed Experiments 366</p> <p>11.17 Six Sigma 367</p> <p>11.18 Acceptance Sampling 368</p> <p>11.19 Measurement Error 368</p> <p>11.20 Summary 368</p> <p>References 369</p> <p>Exercises 370</p> <p><b>12. Design and Analysis of Experiments 382</b></p> <p>12.1 Processes Must be in Statistical Control 383</p> <p>12.2 One-Factor Experiments 384</p> <p>12.3 One Treatment Factor and at Least One Blocking Factor 392</p> <p>12.4 More Than One Factor 395</p> <p>12.5 Factorial Designs 396</p> <p>12.6 Crossed and Nested Designs 405</p> <p>12.7 Fixed and Random Factors 406</p> <p>12.8 ANOM for Factorial Designs 407</p> <p>12.9 Fractional Factorials 409</p> <p>12.10 Split-Plot Designs 413</p> <p>12.11 Response Surface Designs 414</p> <p>12.12 Raw Form Analysis Versus Coded Form Analysis 415</p> <p>12.13 Supersaturated Designs 416</p> <p>12.14 Hard-to-Change Factors 416</p> <p>12.15 One-Factor-at-a-Time Designs 417</p> <p>12.16 Multiple Responses 418</p> <p>12.17 Taguchi Methods of Design 419</p> <p>12.18 Multi-Vari Chart 420</p> <p>12.19 Design of Experiments for Binary Data 420</p> <p>12.20 Evolutionary Operation (EVOP) 421</p> <p>12.21 Measurement Error 422</p> <p>12.22 Analysis of Covariance 422</p> <p>12.23 Summary of MINITAB and Design-Expert<sup>®</sup> Capabilities for Design of Experiments 422</p> <p>12.24 Training for Experimental Design Use 423</p> <p>12.25 Summary 423</p> <p>Appendix A Computing Formulas 424</p> <p>Appendix B Relationship Between Effect Estimates and</p> <p>Regression Coefficients 426</p> <p>References 426</p> <p>Exercises 428</p> <p><b>13. Measurement System Appraisal 441</b></p> <p>13.1 Terminology 442</p> <p>13.2 Components of Measurement Variability 443</p> <p>13.3 Graphical Methods 449</p> <p>13.4 Bias and Calibration 449</p> <p>13.5 Propagation of Error 454</p> <p>13.6 Software 455</p> <p>13.7 Summary 456</p> <p>References 456</p> <p>Exercises 457</p> <p><b>14. Reliability Analysis and Life Testing 460</b></p> <p>14.1 Basic Reliability Concepts 461</p> <p>14.2 Nonrepairable and Repairable Populations 463</p> <p>14.3 Accelerated Testing 463</p> <p>14.4 Types of Reliability Data 466</p> <p>14.5 Statistical Terms and Reliability Models 467</p> <p>14.6 Reliability Engineering 473</p> <p>14.7 Example 474</p> <p>14.8 Improving Reliability with Designed Experiments 474</p> <p>14.9 Confidence Intervals 477</p> <p>14.10 Sample Size Determination 478</p> <p>14.11 Reliability Growth and Demonstration Testing 479</p> <p>14.12 Early Determination of Product Reliability 480</p> <p>14.13 Software 480</p> <p>14.14 Summary 481</p> <p>References 481</p> <p>Exercises 482</p> <p><b>15. Analysis of Categorical Data 487</b></p> <p>15.1 Contingency Tables 487</p> <p>15.2 Design of Experiments: Categorical Response Variable 497</p> <p>15.3 Goodness-of-Fit Tests 498</p> <p>15.4 Summary 500</p> <p>References 500</p> <p>Exercises 501</p> <p><b>16. Distribution-Free Procedures 507</b></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 507</p> <p>16.2 One-Sample Procedures 508</p> <p>16.3 Two-Sample Procedures 512</p> <p>16.4 Nonparametric Analysis of Variance 514</p> <p>16.5 Exact Versus Approximate Tests 519</p> <p>16.6 Nonparametric Regression 519</p> <p>16.7 Nonparametric Prediction Intervals and Tolerance Intervals 521</p> <p>16.8 Summary 521</p> <p>References 521</p> <p>Exercises 522</p> <p><b>17. Tying It All Together 525</b></p> <p>17.1 Review of Book 525</p> <p>17.2 The Future 527</p> <p>17.3 Engineering Applications of Statistical Methods 528</p> <p>Reference 528</p> <p>Exercises 528</p> <p>Answers to Selected Excercises 533</p> <p><b>Appendix: Statistical Tables 562</b></p> <p>Table A Random Numbers 562</p> <p>Table B Normal Distribution 564</p> <p>Table C <i>t</i>-Distribution 566</p> <p>Table D <i>F</i>-Distribution 567</p> <p>Table E Factors for Calculating Two-Sided 99% Statistical Intervals for a Normal Population to Contain at Least 100<i>p</i>% of the Population 570</p> <p>Table F Control Chart Constants 571</p> <p>Author Index 573</p> <p>Subject Index 579</p>
"Overall this is an excellent book, which defines a broader mandate than many of its competing texts. By providing, clear, understandable discussion of the basics of statistics through to more advanced methods commonly used by engineers, this book is an essential reference for practitioners, and an ideal text for a two semester course introducing engineers to the power and utility of statistics." (<i>The American Statistician,</i> August <i>2008)</i> <p>"In this book on modern engineering statistics, Ryan does an excellent job of providing the appropriate statistical concepts and tools using engineering resources.... Highly recommended. Lower- and upper-division undergraduates" (<i>CHOICE</i>, April 2008)</p> <p>"This self-contained volume motivates an appreciation of statistical techniques within the context of engineering; many datasets that are used in the chapters and exercises are from engineering sources. This book is ideal for either a one- or two-semester course in engineering statistics." (<i>Computing Reviews</i>, April 2008)</p>
<p><b>THOMAS P. RYAN, PHD,</b> served on the Editorial Review Board of the <i>Journal of Quality Technology</i> from 1990 to 2006, including three years as the book review editor. He is the author of four books published by Wiley and is an elected Fellow of the American Statistical Association, the American Society for Quality, and the Royal Statistical Society. He currently teaches advanced courses on design of experiments and engineering statistics at statistics.com and serves as a consultant to Cytel Software Corporation.
<p><b>An introductory perspective on statistical applications in the field of engineering</b> <p><i>Modern Engineering Statistics</i> presents state-of-the-art statistical methodology germane to engineering applications. With a nice blend of methodology and applications, this book provides and carefully explains the concepts necessary for students to fully grasp and appreciate contemporary statistical techniques in the context of engineering. <p>With almost thirty years of teaching experience, many of which were spent teaching engineering statistics courses, the author has successfully developed a book that displays modern statistical techniques and provides effective tools for student use. This book features: <ul> <li>Examples demonstrating the use of statistical thinking and methodology for practicing engineers</li> <li>A large number of chapter exercises that provide the opportunity for readers to solve engineering-related problems, often using real data sets</li> <li>Clear illustrations of the relationship between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals</li> <li>Extensive use of Minitab<sup>®</sup> and JMP<sup>®</sup> to illustrate statistical analyses</li> </ul> <p>The book is written in an engaging style that interconnects and builds on discussions, examples, and methods as readers progress from chapter to chapter. The assumptions on which the methodology is based are stated and tested in applications. Each chapter concludes with a summary highlighting the key points that are needed in order to advance in the text, as well as a list of references for further reading. Certain chapters that contain more than a few methods also provide end-of-chapter guidelines on the proper selection and use of those methods. Bridging the gap between statistics education and real-world applications, <i>Modern Engineering Statistics</i> is ideal for either a one- or two-semester course in engineering statistics.

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