Details

<p>Preface xv</p> <p><b>1 Renewable Resources and Environmental Quality 1</b></p> <p>1.1 Renewable Resources and Energy 1</p> <p>1.2 Human Demand and Footprint 5</p> <p>1.2.1 Human Demand 5</p> <p>1.2.2 Human Footprints 6</p> <p>1.2.2.1 Water Footprints 7</p> <p>1.2.2.2 Gray Water System 7</p> <p>1.3 Challenges and Opportunities 9</p> <p>1.3.1 Excessive Nitrogen Runoff 10</p> <p>1.3.2 Phosphorus Depletion 10</p> <p>1.3.3 Carbon Pollution 11</p> <p>1.3.4 Peak Oil 11</p> <p>1.3.5 Climate Change 11</p> <p>1.4 Carrying Capacity 11</p> <p>1.5 Air, Water, and Soil Quality Index 13</p> <p>1.5.1 Air Quality Standards 13</p> <p>1.5.2 Air Quality Index 13</p> <p>1.5.3 Water Quality Index 14</p> <p>1.5.4 Soil Quality Index 17</p> <p>1.5.4.1 <i>F₁</i> (Scope) 17</p> <p>1.5.4.2 <i>F₂</i> (Frequency) 17</p> <p>1.5.4.3 <i>F₃</i> (Amplitude) 17</p> <p>1.5.4.4 Soil Quality Index (SQI) 18</p> <p>1.6 Air, Water, and Soil Pollution 19</p> <p>1.6.1 Air Pollution 19</p> <p>1.6.2 Water Pollution 19</p> <p>1.7 Life Cycle Assessment 21</p> <p>1.7.1 LCA Tools 22</p> <p>1.8 Environmental Laws 22</p> <p>1.9 Exercise 24</p> <p>1.9.1 Questions 24</p> <p>1.9.2 Assignment 25</p> <p>1.9.3 Problems 25</p> <p>1.9.4 Projects 25</p> <p>1.9.4.1 Xiongan Project 25</p> <p>1.9.4.2 Community Project 26</p> <p>References 26</p> <p><b>2 Health Risk Assessment 29</b></p> <p>2.1 Environmental Health 29</p> <p>2.2 Environmental Standards 31</p> <p>2.3 Health Risk Assessment 36</p> <p>2.3.1 Hazard Identification 36</p> <p>2.3.2 Dose–Response Curves 37</p> <p>2.3.2.1 Nonlinear Dose–Response Assessment 37</p> <p>2.3.2.2 Linear Dose–Response Assessment 40</p> <p>2.3.3 Exposure Assessment 41</p> <p>2.3.3.1 Cancer Screening Calculation for Dermal Contaminants in Water 41</p> <p>2.3.3.2 Noncancer Screening Calculation for Contaminants in Residential Soil 43</p> <p>2.3.4 DBP Health Advisory Concentration 44</p> <p>2.3.5 Risk Characterizations 46</p> <p>2.4 QSAR Analysis in HRA 46</p> <p>2.4.1 Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) 48</p> <p>2.4.2 Validation of QSAR Models 49</p> <p>2.5 Quantification of Uncertainty 54</p> <p>2.5.1 Quantification of QSAR Model’s Uncertainty 55</p> <p>2.5.2 Monte Carlo Simulation 56</p> <p>2.5.3 Comparison of Uncertainties of Different QSAR Models 60</p> <p>2.5.4 Sensitivity Analysis by Monte Carlo Simulation 61</p> <p>2.5.5 Computer Software for Quantitative Risk Assessment 62</p> <p>2.6 Exercise 62</p> <p>2.6.1 Questions 62</p> <p>2.6.2 Calculation 62</p> <p>2.6.3 Assignment 63</p> <p>2.6.4 Projects 63</p> <p>2.6.4.1 Xiongan Project 63</p> <p>2.6.4.2 Community Project 63</p> <p>References 63</p> <p><b>3 Twelve Design Principles of Sustainable Environmental Engineering 67</b></p> <p>3.1 Sustainability 67</p> <p>3.1.1 The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 68</p> <p>3.2 Challenges and Opportunities 69</p> <p>3.2.1 Challenges 69</p> <p>3.2.2 Opportunities 71</p> <p>3.3 Sustainable Environmental Engineering 74</p> <p>3.3.1 SEE Metrics 76</p> <p>3.4 SEE Design Principles 78</p> <p>3.4.1 Principle 1: Integrated and Interconnected System Hierarchy 78</p> <p>3.4.2 Principle 2: Reliability on Spatial Scale 79</p> <p>3.4.3 Principle 3: System Resiliency on a Temporal Scale 80</p> <p>3.4.3.1 Principle 4: Efficiency of Renewable Material 80</p> <p>3.4.4 Principle 6: Prevention 82</p> <p>3.4.5 Principle 7: Recovery 83</p> <p>3.5 Principle 8: Separation 84</p> <p>3.5.1 Principle 9: Treatment 85</p> <p>3.5.2 Principle 10: Retrofitting and Remediation 86</p> <p>3.5.3 Principle 11: Optimization through Modeling and Simulation 86</p> <p>3.5.4 Principle 12: Balance Between Capital and Operating Costs 87</p> <p>3.6 Implementation of the SEE Design Principles 88</p> <p>3.6.1 Procedure to Implement SEE Design Principles 88</p> <p>3.6.2 Integration of SEE into Undergraduate Education 89</p> <p>3.7 Exercise 91</p> <p>3.7.1 Questions 91</p> <p>3.7.2 Calculation 91</p> <p>3.7.3 Projects 92</p> <p>3.7.3.1 Xiongan Project 92</p> <p>3.7.3.2 Community Projects 92</p> <p>3.7.3.3 Proposal Development 92</p> <p>References 93</p> <p><b>4 Integrated and Interconnected Systems 95</b></p> <p>4.1 Principle 1 95</p> <p>4.2 Challenges and Opportunities 98</p> <p>4.2.1 Market Size of Solid Waste Management in China 98</p> <p>4.3 Integrated Solid Waste Management 103</p> <p>4.3.1 Integrated Solid Waste Management Market in China 103</p> <p>4.3.2 Strategy of ISWM 103</p> <p>4.3.3 LCA on Footprint of Solid Waste Recycle 109</p> <p>4.3.4 ISWM Data Analysis 115</p> <p>4.3.4.1 Calculations for Measuring Quantity 115</p> <p>4.3.4.2 Calculations for Composition 116</p> <p>4.3.5 Determining Waste Composition 117</p> <p>4.3.5.1 Moisture Content 117</p> <p>4.3.5.2 Calorific Value 117</p> <p>4.3.5.3 Chemical Composition 117</p> <p>4.3.5.4 Calorific Values 119</p> <p>4.3.5.5 Data Presentation 119</p> <p>4.3.6 Zero Waste 120</p> <p>4.3.7 Integrated Waster Resource Management (IWRM) 124</p> <p>4.3.8 Water Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRF) 127</p> <p>4.4 Integrated Air Quality Management (IAQM) 131</p> <p>4.5 Exercise 132</p> <p>4.5.1 Questions 132</p> <p>4.5.2 Calculation 133</p> <p>4.5.3 Projects 133</p> <p>4.5.3.1 Community Projects 133</p> <p>4.5.3.2 Xiongan Projects 134</p> <p>References 134</p> <p><b>5 Reliable Systems on a Spatial Scale 135</b></p> <p>5.1 Principle 2 135</p> <p>5.1.1 Central Versus Decentralized WWTP 136</p> <p>5.1.2 Best Practice for Small WWTPs 137</p> <p>5.2 Integrated System Approach 137</p> <p>5.2.1 The EPA Tools 137</p> <p>5.2.2 Integrated Engineering Design Example 137</p> <p>5.3 Scale-up of Laboratory or Pilot Design to Full-scale Plant 141</p> <p>5.3.1 Minimum Requirements for Validation Testing 141</p> <p>5.3.1.1 Collimated Beam Test 141</p> <p>5.3.2 Correlation of UV Sensitivity of Different Challenge Microorganisms with Target Microorganisms 143</p> <p>5.3.2.1 Sampling Ports 144</p> <p>5.3.3 Calculating the RED 145</p> <p>5.3.3.1 Flow Rate for Validation 146</p> <p>5.3.4 Uncertainty in Validation 149</p> <p>5.3.4.1 Calculating <i>U</i>_IN for the Calculated Dose Approach 149</p> <p>5.3.4.2 Determining the Validated Dose and Validated Operating Conditions 149</p> <p>5.3.5 Collimated Beam Data Uncertainty 152</p> <p>5.3.6 Electrical Energy per Order (EE/O) 153</p> <p>5.4 Exercise 154</p> <p>5.4.1 Questions 154</p> <p>5.4.2 Calculation 154</p> <p>5.4.3 Projects 155</p> <p>5.4.3.1 Xiongan Design Project 155</p> <p>5.4.3.2 Community Proposal Project 155</p> <p>References 155</p> <p><b>6 Resiliency on Temporal Scale 157</b></p> <p>6.1 Principle 3 157</p> <p>6.2 Challenges and Opportunities 159</p> <p>6.3 Discharge Standards 159</p> <p>6.4 Population Growth 160</p> <p>6.5 Steady Versus Unsteady 162</p> <p>6.5.1 Equalization Basin 162</p> <p>6.6 Hydraulic Condition of Different Reactors 167</p> <p>6.7 Chemical Kinetics 168</p> <p>6.8 Group Theory Predicting Hydroxyl Radical Kinetic Constants 172</p> <p>6.9 Photocatalytic Oxidation of Halogen-substituted Meta-phenols by UV/TiO₂ 172</p> <p>6.10 Environmental Issues on Different Temporal Scales 178</p> <p>6.10.1 Correlation Between Temporal and Spatial Scales in the Sustainable Design of WTPs and WWTPs 178</p> <p>6.11 Exercise 181</p> <p>6.11.1 Questions 181</p> <p>6.11.2 Calculation 181</p> <p>6.11.3 Project 181</p> <p>6.11.3.1 Xiongan Project 181</p> <p>6.11.3.2 Community Proposal Project 182</p> <p>References 182</p> <p><b>7 Efficiency of Renewable Materials 185</b></p> <p>7.1 Principle 4 185</p> <p>7.2 Stoichiometry 185</p> <p>7.3 Avoid the Addition of Chemicals 187</p> <p>7.3.1 Avoid Acid Addition 187</p> <p>7.3.2 Replacing Chlorination with UV Disinfection 193</p> <p>7.3.3 Anammox to Replace Nitrification/Denitrification 199</p> <p>7.3.3.1 Nitrogen Forms 199</p> <p>7.3.3.2 Nitrification 200</p> <p>7.3.3.3 Denitrification 200</p> <p>7.3.3.4 Anammox 201</p> <p>7.4 Design Efficient Reactors 203</p> <p>7.4.1 Cost of Different Volume Reactors 212</p> <p>7.5 Exercise 213</p> <p>7.5.1 Questions 213</p> <p>7.5.2 Calculation 213</p> <p>7.5.3 Project 213</p> <p>7.5.3.1 Xiongan Project 213</p> <p>7.5.3.2 Proposal Project 214</p> <p>References 214</p> <p><b>8 Efficiency of Renewable Energy 215</b></p> <p>8.1 Principle 5 215</p> <p>8.2 Challenges and Opportunities 216</p> <p>8.2.1 Inefficient Combustion of Fossil Fuels 216</p> <p>8.2.2 Challenges in China 217</p> <p>8.3 Energy Conservation Laws 218</p> <p>8.3.1 Thermodynamics Laws 218</p> <p>8.3.2 The First Thermodynamic Law 221</p> <p>8.3.3 The Second Thermodynamic Law 221</p> <p>8.3.3.1 Energy Conversion 221</p> <p>8.3.3.2 Enthalpy 222</p> <p>8.3.3.3 Conservation of Energy 222</p> <p>8.4 Energy Balances 223</p> <p>8.4.1 Physical Framework by Thermodynamics 224</p> <p>8.4.2 Exergy 225</p> <p>8.5 Benchmarks for Unit Energy Consumption in WTP and WWTP 225</p> <p>8.5.1 Unit Energy Consumption Values in WTP 225</p> <p>8.5.2 Unit Energy Consumption Values in WWTP 225</p> <p>8.6 Energy Consumption by Pump 232</p> <p>8.6.1 Flow in Pipe 232</p> <p>8.6.2 Pump Station 232</p> <p>8.7 Solar Energy 233</p> <p>8.7.1 Calculation Solar Energy 233</p> <p>8.7.2 Solar-powered WWTP 235</p> <p>8.8 Exercise 235</p> <p>8.8.1 Questions 235</p> <p>8.8.2 Calculation 236</p> <p>8.8.3 Project 236</p> <p>8.8.3.1 Xiongan Project 236</p> <p>8.8.3.2 Community Project 236</p> <p>References 236</p> <p><b>9 Prevention 239</b></p> <p>9.1 Principle 6 239</p> <p>9.2 Challenges and Opportunities 240</p> <p>9.3 Green Infrastructure 241</p> <p>9.3.1 Integrated Urban Water Management Paradigm 241</p> <p>9.3.2 Green Infrastructure Design Tools 242</p> <p>9.3.3 Green Infrastructure Modeling Tools 242</p> <p>9.4 Design Tools of Rain Harvest 244</p> <p>9.4.1 Determine the Water Demand of a Public Bathroom 244</p> <p>9.4.2 Determine the Roof Area and the Tank Size 247</p> <p>9.4.3 Design Rainwater System by Cumulative Plot Method 250</p> <p>9.4.4 Design Rainwater System Design to Achieve the Smallest Roof Area 252</p> <p>9.4.4.1 Flowchart for Rainwater System 252</p> <p>9.4.5 Determine Roof Area for a Rainwater Harvest Tank Without Adding City Water in the First Year 254</p> <p>9.4.6 Design Rainwater Harvest Tank for Specific Roof Areas 257</p> <p>9.4.7 Design a Rainwater Harvest Tank of the Optimized Size 260</p> <p>9.5 Design Anaerobic Digester Reactor 262</p> <p>9.6 Green Roof Design 263</p> <p>9.6.1 Life Cycle Assessment 265</p> <p>9.6.2 Footprint 266</p> <p>9.7 Rain Garden Design 268</p> <p>9.7.1 Life Cycle Assessment 270</p> <p>9.7.2 Environmental Impacts of Aluminum 271</p> <p>9.7.3 Cost and Benefit Analysis of Rain Garden 271</p> <p>9.7.4 Water Footprint 274</p> <p>9.7.5 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Footprint 274</p> <p>9.8 Exercise 276</p> <p>9.8.1 Questions 276</p> <p>9.8.2 Calculations 276</p> <p>9.8.3 Projects 276</p> <p>9.8.3.1 Xiongan Project 276</p> <p>9.8.3.2 Community Proposal Project 277</p> <p>References 277</p> <p><b>10 Recovery 279</b></p> <p>10.1 Principle 7 279</p> <p>10.2 Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater 280</p> <p>10.2.1 Phosphorus Removal in Conventional Treatment 281</p> <p>10.2.2 Chemical Phosphorus Removal 281</p> <p>10.3 Phosphorus Recovery 283</p> <p>10.3.1 Enhanced Phosphorus Uptake 283</p> <p>10.3.2 Struvite Precipitation 284</p> <p>10.4 Capital and Operation Cost of Reclaiming Water for Reuse 286</p> <p>10.4.1 Building 286</p> <p>10.4.2 Headwork 290</p> <p>10.4.3 Oxidation 293</p> <p>10.4.4 Aerobic SBR 297</p> <p>10.4.5 MBR 301</p> <p>10.4.6 Microfiltration 304</p> <p>10.4.7 Reverse Osmosis 308</p> <p>10.4.8 Filtration 311</p> <p>10.4.9 Disinfection 314</p> <p>10.5 Exercise 317</p> <p>10.5.1 Questions 317</p> <p>10.5.2 Calculations 318</p> <p>10.5.3 Projects 319</p> <p>10.5.3.1 Xiongan Project 319</p> <p>10.5.3.2 Community Proposal Project 319</p> <p>References 319</p> <p><b>11 Separation 321</b></p> <p>11.1 Principle 8 321</p> <p>11.2 Challenges and Opportunities 323</p> <p>11.3 Precipitation 324</p> <p>11.4 Coagulation and Flocculation 325</p> <p>11.4.1 Camp–Stein Equation 326</p> <p>11.4.2 Static and Plug-flow Reactor Mixers 327</p> <p>11.4.3 Power, Pressure, and Pump in Reactors 327</p> <p>11.5 Membrane Filtration Systems 333</p> <p>11.6 Activated Carbon Adsorption 335</p> <p>11.7 Anaerobic Membrane Biological Reactor 339</p> <p>11.8 Air Stripping 341</p> <p>11.9 LCA Tools for WWTPs 350</p> <p>11.10 Capital and O&M Costs of Membrane Filtration 353</p> <p>11.11 Exercise 361</p> <p>11.11.1 Questions 361</p> <p>11.11.2 Calculation 361</p> <p>11.11.3 Projects 361</p> <p>11.11.3.1 Xiongan Project 361</p> <p>11.11.3.2 Community Projects 362</p> <p>References 362</p> <p><b>12 Treatment 365</b></p> <p>12.1 Principle 9 365</p> <p>12.2 Challenges 365</p> <p>12.3 Environmental Regulations 366</p> <p>12.4 UV Disinfection 370</p> <p>12.4.1 History 370</p> <p>12.4.2 Photochemistry 370</p> <p>12.4.3 UV Dose 371</p> <p>12.4.4 Absorption Coefficient 372</p> <p>12.4.5 Fluence 372</p> <p>12.4.6 UV Dose–Response 374</p> <p>12.5 Virus Sensitivity Index of UV Disinfection 376</p> <p>12.5.1 Virus Sensitivity Index (VSI) 376</p> <p>12.5.2 Applications of VSI 379</p> <p>12.6 Bacteria Sensitivity Index (BSI) with Shoulder Effect 381</p> <p>12.6.1 Bacteria Sensitivity Index (BSI) 381</p> <p>12.6.2 Shoulder Broadness Index (SBI) 382</p> <p>12.6.3 Transformation of <i>H</i> into <i>ΔH/ΔH_r</i> 382</p> <p>12.6.4 Validation of the Models 384</p> <p>12.6.5 Application of the Model 384</p> <p>12.6.5.1 Experimental Data of UV Disinfection of ARBs 384</p> <p>12.6.5.2 Error Analysis of Predicted <i>H</i> Compared with the Observed H 386</p> <p>12.6.5.3 Prediction of Fluence Required at 5 log <i>I</i> for ARBs 386</p> <p>12.7 Emerging Treatment Technologies 386</p> <p>12.8 Design Considerations of UV Disinfection System 389</p> <p>12.8.1 UV Dose 390</p> <p>12.8.2 Hydraulic Retention Time 390</p> <p>12.8.3 UV Lamps 391</p> <p>12.8.4 Turbidity 391</p> <p>12.8.5 Typical Design Lives of Major UV Components 391</p> <p>12.9 Exercise 392</p> <p>12.9.1 Questions 392</p> <p>12.9.2 Calculations 392</p> <p>12.9.3 Projects 392</p> <p>12.9.3.1 Xiongan Project 392</p> <p>12.9.3.2 Community Proposal Project 392</p> <p>References 392</p> <p><b>13 Green Retrofitting and Remediation 395</b></p> <p>13.1 Principle 10 395</p> <p>13.2 Challenges of WWTP Design 395</p> <p>13.2.1 Energy Efficiency of Water and Wastewater Treatment 396</p> <p>13.3 Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas Production 396</p> <p>13.3.1 Operation Guidelines for Wastewater Treatment Plants 397</p> <p>13.4 Best Practice Benchmark 399</p> <p>13.5 Green Retrofitting 400</p> <p>13.5.1 Energy Auditing 400</p> <p>13.5.1.1 Phototrophic System 404</p> <p>13.5.1.2 Renewable Energy for WWTPs 406</p> <p>13.6 Sludge Processing and Disposal 406</p> <p>13.6.1 Design of Wastewater Sludge Thickeners 407</p> <p>13.6.2 Suspended Solids Removal Efficiency 408</p> <p>13.6.3 Anaerobic Digester Capacity 409</p> <p>13.6.4 Aerobic Sludge Digestion 409</p> <p>13.6.5 Retrofitting Strategies of WWTPs 410</p> <p>13.7 Green Remediation 410</p> <p>13.7.1 Green Remediation Metrics and Methods 411</p> <p>13.7.2 Approaches to Reducing Footprints 416</p> <p>13.7.2.1 Approaches to Reducing Materials and Waste Footprints 416</p> <p>13.7.2.2 Approaches to Reducing Water Footprints 416</p> <p>13.7.2.3 Approaches to Reducing Energy and Air Footprints 417</p> <p>13.7.3 Evaluation Methods 419</p> <p>13.7.3.1 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Evaluation Fact Sheet 419</p> <p>13.7.3.2 Future Land Use 420</p> <p>13.7.3.3 Green Building 420</p> <p>13.7.3.4 Post-remediation Site Conditions 420</p> <p>13.8 Tools 421</p> <p>13.9 Exercise 421</p> <p>13.9.1 Questions 421</p> <p>13.9.2 Calculation 421</p> <p>13.9.3 Projects 422</p> <p>13.9.3.1 Xiongan Project 422</p> <p>13.9.3.2 Community Project Proposal 422</p> <p>References 423</p> <p><b>14 Optimization through Modeling and Simulation 425</b></p> <p>14.1 Principle 425</p> <p>14.2 Introduction 425</p> <p>14.2.1 History of Landfill Leachate Quality 426</p> <p>14.2.2 Leachate Characteristics 426</p> <p>14.3 Challenges and Opportunities 428</p> <p>14.4 Modeling of the Fenton Process 428</p> <p>14.4.1 Kinetic Model of DMPO–OH EPR Signal 429</p> <p>14.5 Simulation 436</p> <p>14.6 Optimization 437</p> <p>14.6.1 Fenton Oxidation of Landfill Leachate 437</p> <p>14.6.2 Optimization Fenton Oxidation of Leachate 439</p> <p>14.6.3 Optimum Operating Conditions 440</p> <p>14.6.3.1 pH 440</p> <p>14.6.3.2 Reaction Time 440</p> <p>14.6.3.3 Effect of Reaction Time on Fenton Oxidation 440</p> <p>14.6.3.4 Temperature 442</p> <p>14.6.3.5 Fenton Reagent Dose 442</p> <p>14.6.3.6 Generalized Fenton Dosing for Landfill Leachate Treatment 443</p> <p>14.6.3.7 Total COD Removal Under Different<i> L</i>_COD 444</p> <p>14.6.3.8 Effect of<i> L</i>_COD on COD Removal Efficiency 445</p> <p>14.6.3.9 Effect of<i> L</i>_COD on Biodegradability 445</p> <p>14.6.3.10 Effect of<i> L</i>_COD on Cost of Fenton Process Treatment for Landfill Leachate 446</p> <p>14.7 Validation and Uncertainty 447</p> <p>14.8 Exercise 448</p> <p>14.8.1 Questions 448</p> <p>14.8.2 Calculations 449</p> <p>14.8.3 Projects 449</p> <p>14.8.3.1 Xiongan Project 449</p> <p>14.8.3.2 Community Project 449</p> <p>References 450</p> <p><b>15 Life Cycle Cost and Benefit Analysis 453</b></p> <p>15.1 Principle 453</p> <p>15.2 Challenges and Opportunities 453</p> <p>15.3 Optimum Pipe Size 454</p> <p>15.4 Advanced Oxidation Process Costs 461</p> <p>15.4.1 UV Disinfection 461</p> <p>15.5 Recovery of N and P 465</p> <p>15.5.1 Yield Coefficients 466</p> <p>15.5.2 Capital Cost of P Recovery Systems 469</p> <p>15.5.3 Activated Sludge 469</p> <p>15.5.4 Two-Stage Activated Sludge 474</p> <p>15.5.5 Three-Stage Activated Sludge 477</p> <p>15.5.6 Three-Stage Activated Sludge with Alum Addition 479</p> <p>15.5.7 Three-Stage Activated Sludge with Alum and Tertiary Clarifier 482</p> <p>15.5.8 Three-Stage Activated Sludge with Alum, Tertiary Clarifier, and Filtration 484</p> <p>15.5.9 Three-Stage Activated Sludge with Tertiary Clarifier and Activated Aluminum Absorption 487</p> <p>15.5.10 Three-Stage Activated Sludge with Tertiary Clarifier and Activated Absorption 489</p> <p>15.6 Entrepreneur in SEE 492</p> <p>15.6.1 Business Plan 493</p> <p>15.6.2 Finance of Environmental Infrastructure 493</p> <p>15.6.3 EEI Financing 493</p> <p>15.6.4 Financial Planning 495</p> <p>15.7 Innovation in SEE 495</p> <p>15.7.1 Innovative Technologies 495</p> <p>15.7.2 Innovative Consumer Products 495</p> <p>15.7.2.1 SteriPEN 495</p> <p>15.7.2.2 Drinkable Book™ 496</p> <p>15.7.3 Future of SEE 496</p> <p>15.8 Exercise 497</p> <p>15.8.1 Questions 497</p> <p>15.8.2 Calculations 497</p> <p>15.8.3 Projects 497</p> <p>15.8.3.1 Xiongan Project 498</p> <p>15.8.3.2 Community Project Proposal 498</p> <p>15.8.3.3 Course Project and Beyond 499</p> <p>References 499</p> <p>Index 501</p>

<p><b>WALTER Z. TANG, Ph.D., P.E.,</b> is an Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing at Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA. <p><b>MIKA SILLANPÄÄ, Ph.D.,</b> is a Professor in the Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland.

<p><b>THE IMPORTANT RESOURCE THAT EXPLORES THE TWELVE DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING</b> <p>Sustainable Environmental Engineering (SEE) is to research, design, build, operate, and maintain Environmental Engineering Infrastructure System (EEIS) in harmony with nature using life cycle cost/benefit analysis and life cycle assessment and to protect human health and environments at minimal cost. The foundations of the SEE are the twelve design principles (TDPs) with three specific rules for each principle. The TDPs attempt to transform how environmental engineering could be taught by prioritizing six design hierarchies through six different dimensions. Six design hierarchies are prevention, recovery, separation, treatment, remediation, and optimization, while six dimensions are integrated system, material economy, energy efficiency, reliability on spatial scale, resiliency on temporal scale, and cost effectiveness. In addition, the authors, two experts in the field, introduce major computer packages that are useful to solve real environmental engineering design problems. <p>The text presents how specific environmental engineering issues could be identified and prioritized under climate change through quantification of air, water, and soil quality indexes. For water pollution control, eight innovative technologies which are critical in the paradigm shift from the conventional environmental engineering design to water resource recovery facility (WRRF) are examined in detail. These new processes include UV disinfection, membrane separation technologies, Anammox, membrane biological reactor, struvite precipitation, Fenton process, photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants, as well as green infrastructure. Computer tools are provided to facilitate life cycle cost and benefit analysis of WRRF. This important resource: <ul> <li>Includes statistical analysis of engineering design parameters using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)</li> <li>Presents Monte Carlos simulation using Crystal Ball to quantify uncertainty and sensitivity of design parameters</li> <li>Contains design methods of new energy, materials, processes, products, and system to achieve energy positive WRRF that are illustrated with Matlab</li> <li>Provides information on life cycle costs in terms of capital and operation for different processes using MatLab</li> </ul> <p>Written for senior or graduates in environmental or chemical engineering, <i>Sustainable Environmental Engineering</i> defines and illustrates the TDPs of SEE. Undergraduate, graduate, and engineers should find the computer codes are useful in their EEIS design. The exercise at the end of each chapter encourages students to identify EEI engineering problems in their own city and find creative solutions by applying the TDPs. For more information, please visit www.tang.fiu.edu.

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