Details

LTE - The UMTS Long Term Evolution


LTE - The UMTS Long Term Evolution

From Theory to Practice
2. Aufl.

von: Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, Matthew Baker

95,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 20.07.2011
ISBN/EAN: 9780470978641
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 792

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Beschreibungen

<b>"Where this book is exceptional is that the reader will not just learn how LTE works but why it works"</b><br /> <b>Adrian Scrase, ETSI Vice-President, International Partnership Projects</b> <p>Following on the success of the first edition, this book is fully updated, covering the latest additions to LTE and the key features of LTE-Advanced.</p> <p>This book builds on the success of its predecessor, offering the same comprehensive system-level understanding  built on explanations of the underlying theory, now expanded to include complete coverage of Release 9 and the developing specifications for LTE-Advanced. The book is a collaborative effort of more than 40 key experts representing over 20 companies actively participating in the development of LTE, as well as academia. The book highlights practical implications, illustrates the expected performance, and draws comparisons with the well-known WCDMA/HSPA standards. The authors not only pay special attention to the physical layer, giving an insight into the fundamental concepts of OFDMA-FDMA and MIMO, but also cover the higher protocol layers and system architecture to enable the reader to gain an overall understanding of the system.</p> <p>Key New Features:</p> <ul> <li>Comprehensively updated with the latest changes of the LTE Release 8 specifications, including improved coverage of Radio Resource Management RF aspects and performance requirements</li> <li>Provides detailed coverage of the new LTE Release 9 features, including: eMBMS, dual-layer beamforming, user equipment positioning, home eNodeBs / femtocells and pico cells and self-optimizing networks</li> <li>Evaluates the LTE system performance</li> <li>Introduces LTE-Advanced, explaining its context and motivation, as well as the key new features including: carrier aggregation, relaying, high-order MIMO, and Cooperative Multi-Point transmission (CoMP).</li> <li>Includes an accompanying website containing a complete list of acronyms related to LTE and LTE-Advanced, with a brief description of each (<a href="http://www.wiley.com/go/sesia_theumts">http://www.wiley.com/go/sesia_theumts</a>)</li> </ul> <p>This book is an invaluable reference for all research and development engineers involved in implementation of LTE or LTE-Advanced, as well as graduate and PhD students in wireless communications. Network operators, service providers and R&D managers will also find this book insightful.</p>
Editors’ Biographies <p>List of Contributors</p> <p>Foreword</p> <p>Preface</p> <p>Acknowledgements</p> <p>List of Acronyms</p> <p>1 Introduction and Background 1<br /> <i>Thomas Sälzer and Matthew Baker</i></p> <p>1.1 The Context for the Long Term Evolution of UMTS  1</p> <p>1.2 Requirements and Targets for the Long Term Evolution  7</p> <p>1.3 Technologies for the Long Term Evolution  14</p> <p>1.4 From Theory to Practice  20</p> <p>References  21</p> <p><b>Part I Network Architecture and Protocols 23</b></p> <p>2 Network Architecture 25<br /> <i>Sudeep Palat and Philippe Godin</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction  25</p> <p>2.2 Overall Architectural Overview  26</p> <p>2.3 Protocol Architecture  32</p> <p>2.4 Quality of Service and EPS Bearers  34</p> <p>2.5 The E-UTRAN Network Interfaces: S1 Interface  40</p> <p>2.6 The E-UTRAN Network Interfaces: X2 Interface  49</p> <p>2.7 Summary  55</p> <p>References 55</p> <p>3 Control Plane Protocols 57<br /> <i>Himke van der Velde</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction  57</p> <p>3.2 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 58</p> <p>3.3 PLMN and Cell Selection 78</p> <p>3.4 Paging  84</p> <p>3.5 Summary  86</p> <p>References  86</p> <p>4 User Plane Protocols 87<br /> <i>Patrick Fischer, SeungJune Yi, SungDuck Chun and YoungDae Lee</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction to the User Plane Protocol Stack  87</p> <p>4.2 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)  89</p> <p>4.3 Radio Link Control (RLC)  98</p> <p>4.4 Medium Access Control (MAC)  108</p> <p>4.5 Summary of the User Plane Protocols  120</p> <p>References  120</p> <p><b>Part II Physical Layer for Downlink 121</b></p> <p>5 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) 123<br /> <i>Andrea Ancora, Issam Toufik, Andreas Bury and Dirk Slock</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction  123</p> <p>5.2 OFDM 125</p> <p>5.3 OFDMA 137</p> <p>5.4 Parameter Dimensioning  139</p> <p>5.5 Summary  142</p> <p>References  142</p> <p>6 Introduction to Downlink Physical Layer Design 145<br /> <i>Matthew Baker</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 145</p> <p>6.2 Transmission Resource Structure  145</p> <p>6.3 Signal Structure  148</p> <p>6.4 Introduction to Downlink Operation  149</p> <p>References  150</p> <p>7 Synchronization and Cell Search 151<br /> <i>Fabrizio Tomatis and Stefania Sesia</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction  151</p> <p>7.2 Synchronization Sequences and Cell Search in LTE  151</p> <p>7.3 Coherent Versus Non-Coherent Detection 161</p> <p>References  163</p> <p>8 Reference Signals and Channel Estimation 165<br /> <i>Andrea Ancora, Stefania Sesia and Alex Gorokhov</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction  165</p> <p>8.2 Design of Reference Signals in the LTE Downlink  167</p> <p>8.2.1 Cell-Specific Reference Signals  168</p> <p>8.3 RS-Aided Channel Modelling and Estimation  174</p> <p>8.4 Frequency-Domain Channel Estimation  178</p> <p>8.5 Time-Domain Channel Estimation  181</p> <p>8.6 Spatial-Domain Channel Estimation  184</p> <p>8.7 Advanced Techniques  185</p> <p>References 186</p> <p>9 Downlink Physical Data and Control Channels 189<br /> <i>Matthew Baker and Tim Moulsley</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction  189</p> <p>9.2 Downlink Data-Transporting Channels  189</p> <p>9.3 Downlink Control Channels  196</p> <p>References  214</p> <p>10 Link Adaptation and Channel Coding 215<br /> <i>Brian Classon, Ajit Nimbalker, Stefania Sesia and Issam Toufik</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction  215</p> <p>10.2 Link Adaptation and CQI Feedback  217</p> <p>10.3 Channel Coding  223</p> <p>10.4 Conclusions  245</p> <p>References  246</p> <p>11 Multiple Antenna Techniques 249<br /> <i>Thomas Sälzer, David Gesbert, Cornelius van Rensburg, Filippo Tosato, Florian Kaltenberger and Tetsushi Abe</i></p> <p>11.1 Fundamentals of Multiple Antenna Theory  249</p> <p>11.2 MIMO Schemes in LTE  262</p> <p>11.3 Summary 276</p> <p>References  277</p> <p>12 Multi-User Scheduling and Interference Coordination 279<br /> <i>Issam Toufik and Raymond Knopp</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 279</p> <p>12.2 General Considerations for Resource Allocation Strategies  280</p> <p>12.3 Scheduling Algorithms 283</p> <p>12.4 Considerations for Resource Scheduling in LTE  286</p> <p>12.5 Interference Coordination and Frequency Reuse  287</p> <p>12.6 Summary  291</p> <p>References  292</p> <p>13 Broadcast Operation 293<br /> <i>Himke van der Velde, Olivier Hus and Matthew Baker</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction  293</p> <p>13.2 Broadcast Modes  293</p> <p>13.3 Overall MBMS Architecture  295</p> <p>13.4 MBMS Single Frequency Network Transmission  297</p> <p>13.5 MBMS Characteristics  303</p> <p>13.6 Radio Access Protocol Architecture and Signalling 304</p> <p>13.7 Public Warning Systems  312</p> <p>13.8 Comparison of Mobile Broadcast Modes  312</p> <p>References  314</p> <p><b>Part III Physical Layer for Uplink 315</b></p> <p>14 Uplink Physical Layer Design 317<br /> <i>Robert Love and Vijay Nangia</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction  317</p> <p>14.2 SC-FDMA Principles  318</p> <p>14.3 SC-FDMA Design in LTE  321</p> <p>14.4 Summary  325</p> <p>References  326</p> <p>15 Uplink Reference Signals 327<br /> <i>Robert Love and Vijay Nangia</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction  327</p> <p>15.2 RS Signal Sequence Generation  328</p> <p>15.3 Sequence-Group Hopping and Planning  332</p> <p>15.4 Cyclic Shift Hopping  333</p> <p>15.5 Demodulation Reference Signals (DM-RS) 335</p> <p>15.6 Uplink Sounding Reference Signals (SRS)  337</p> <p>15.7 Summary  340</p> <p>References  341</p> <p>16 Uplink Physical Channel Structure 343<br /> <i>Robert Love and Vijay Nangia</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction  343</p> <p>16.2 Physical Uplink Shared Data Channel Structure  344</p> <p>16.3 Uplink Control Channel Design  348</p> <p>16.4 Multiplexing of Control Signalling and UL-SCH Data on PUSCH  365</p> <p>16.5 ACK/NACK Repetition  367</p> <p>16.6 Multiple-Antenna Techniques  367</p> <p>16.7 Summary  369</p> <p>References  369</p> <p>17 Random Access 371<br /> <i>Pierre Bertrand and Jing Jiang</i></p> <p>17.1 Introduction  371</p> <p>17.2 Random Access Usage and Requirements in LTE  371</p> <p>17.3 Random Access Procedure  372</p> <p>7.4 Physical Random Access Channel Design  376</p> <p>17.5 PRACH Implementation  396</p> <p>17.6 Time Division Duplex (TDD) PRACH  404</p> <p>17.7 Concluding Remarks  405</p> <p>References  406</p> <p>18 Uplink Transmission Procedures 407<br /> <i>Matthew Baker</i></p> <p>18.1 Introduction  407</p> <p>18.2 Uplink Timing Control  407</p> <p>18.3 Power Control  411</p> <p>References  420</p> <p><b>Part IV Practical Deployment Aspects 421</b></p> <p>19 User Equipment Positioning 423<br /> <i>Karri Ranta-aho and Zukang Shen</i></p> <p>19.1 Introduction  423</p> <p>19.2 Assisted Global Navigation Satellite System (A-GNSS) Positioning  425</p> <p>19.3 Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA) Positioning  426</p> <p>19.4 Cell-ID-based Positioning  431</p> <p>19.5 LTE Positioning Protocols  433</p> <p>19.6 Summary and Future Techniques  435</p> <p>References  436</p> <p>20 The Radio Propagation Environment 437<br /> <i>Juha Ylitalo and Tommi Jämsä</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction  437</p> <p>20.2 SISO and SIMO Channel Models  438</p> <p>20.3 MIMO Channel Models  441</p> <p>20.4 Radio Channel Implementation for Conformance Testing  454</p> <p>20.5 Concluding Remarks 455</p> <p>References  455</p> <p>21 Radio Frequency Aspects 457<br /> <i>Moray Rumney, Takaharu Nakamura, Stefania Sesia, Tony Sayers and Adrian Payne</i></p> <p>21.1 Introduction  457</p> <p>21.2 Frequency Bands and Arrangements  459</p> <p>21.3 Transmitter RF Requirements  462</p> <p>21.4 Receiver RF Requirements  474</p> <p>21.5 RF Impairments  492</p> <p>21.6 Summary  500</p> <p>References  501</p> <p>22 Radio Resource Management 503<br /> <i>Muhammad Kazmi</i></p> <p>22.1 Introduction  503</p> <p>22.2 Cell Search Performance  505</p> <p>22.3 Mobility Measurements 513</p> <p>22.4 UE Measurement Reporting Mechanisms and Requirements  516</p> <p>22.5 Mobility Performance 518</p> <p>22.6 RRC Connection Mobility Control Performance 525</p> <p>22.7 Radio Link Monitoring Performance 526</p> <p>22.8 Concluding Remarks 528</p> <p>References  529</p> <p>23 Paired and Unpaired Spectrum 531<br /> <i>Nicholas Anderson</i></p> <p>23.1 Introduction  531</p> <p>23.2 Duplex Modes  532</p> <p>23.3 Interference Issues in Unpaired Spectrum  533</p> <p>23.4 Half-Duplex System Design Aspects  544</p> <p>23.5 Reciprocity  552</p> <p>24 Picocells, Femtocells and Home eNodeBs 563<br /> <i>Philippe Godin and Nick Whinnett</i></p> <p>24.1 Introduction  563</p> <p>24.2 Home eNodeB Architecture  564</p> <p>24.3 Interference Management for Femtocell Deployment  569</p> <p>24.4 RF Requirements for Small Cells  574</p> <p>24.5 Summary  580</p> <p>References  580</p> <p>25 Self-Optimizing Networks 581<br /> <i>Philippe Godin</i></p> <p>25.1 Introduction 581</p> <p>25.2 Automatic Neighbour Relation Function (ANRF)  582</p> <p>25.3 Self-Configuration of eNodeB and MME  584</p> <p>25.4 Automatic Configuration of Physical Cell Identity  587</p> <p>25.5 Mobility Load Balancing Optimization 587</p> <p>25.6 Mobility Robustness Optimization  591</p> <p>25.7 Random Access CHannel (RACH) Self-Optimization  595</p> <p>25.8 Energy Saving  596</p> <p>25.9 Emerging New SON Use Cases 597</p> <p>References  598</p> <p>26 LTE System Performance 599<br /> <i>Tetsushi Abe</i></p> <p>26.1 Introduction 599</p> <p>26.2 Factors Contributing to LTE System Capacity  599</p> <p>26.3 LTE Capacity Evaluation  603</p> <p>26.4 LTE Coverage and Link Budget  608</p> <p>26.5 Summary  610</p> <p>References  611</p> <p><b>Part V LTE-Advanced 613</b></p> <p>27 Introduction to LTE-Advanced 615<br /> <i>Dirk Gerstenberger</i></p> <p>27.1 Introduction and Requirements  615</p> <p>27.2 Overview of the Main Features of LTE-Advanced  618</p> <p>27.3 Backward Compatibility  619</p> <p>27.4 Deployment Aspects  620</p> <p>27.5 UE Categories for LTE-Advanced  621</p> <p>References  622</p> <p>28 Carrier Aggregation 623<br /> <i>Juan Montojo and Jelena Damnjanovic</i></p> <p>28.1 Introduction  623</p> <p>28.2 Protocols for Carrier Aggregation  624</p> <p>28.3 Physical Layer Aspects  631</p> <p>28.4 UE Transmitter and Receiver Aspects  648</p> <p>28.5 Summary 650</p> <p>References  650</p> <p>29 Multiple Antenna Techniques for LTE-Advanced 651<br /> <i>Alex Gorokhov, Amir Farajidana, Kapil Bhattad, Xiliang Luo and Stefan Geirhofer</i></p> <p>29.1 Downlink Reference Signals  651</p> <p>29.2 Uplink Reference Signals  657</p> <p>29.3 Downlink MIMO Enhancements  659</p> <p>29.4 Uplink Multiple Antenna Transmission  666</p> <p>29.5 Coordinated MultiPoint (CoMP) Transmission and Reception  669</p> <p>29.6 Summary  671</p> <p>References 671</p> <p>30 Relaying 673<br /> <i>Eric Hardouin, J. Nicholas Laneman, Alexander Golitschek, Hidetoshi Suzuki, Osvaldo Gonsa</i></p> <p>30.1 Introduction  673</p> <p>30.2 Theoretical Analysis of Relaying  679</p> <p>30.3 Relay Nodes in LTE-Advanced  684</p> <p>30.4 Summary  699</p> <p>References  699</p> <p>31 Additional Features of LTE Release 10 701<br /> <i>Teck Hu, Philippe Godin and Sudeep Palat</i></p> <p>31.1 Introduction  701</p> <p>31.2 Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination 701</p> <p>31.3 Minimization of Drive Tests 710</p> <p>31.4 Machine-Type Communications 712</p> <p>References 714</p> <p>32 LTE-Advanced Performance and Future Developments 715<br /> <i>Takehiro Nakamura and Tetsushi Abe</i></p> <p>32.1 LTE-Advanced System Performance  715</p> <p>32.2 Future Developments  718</p> <p>References  720</p> <p>Index 721</p>
<p><b>Dr Stefania Sesia, NXP semiconductors, Valbonne, France</b><br />Dr Sesia joined Philips/NXP Semiconductor Research and Development center in Sophia Antipolis, France in 2005. She has been participating to 3GPPRAN 4 and RAN 1 standardization meetings and is the author of several international IEEE conference and journal papers, inventor of numerous US and European patents, and contributions to 3GPP. Her research interests are in the field of communication theory and coding theory and well as system level aspects.</p> <p><b>Dr Issam Toufik, NXP semiconductors, Valbonne, France</b><br />Dr Toufik is currently a Research and Development Engineer at NXP semiconductors, Sophia Antipolis, France. His current research interests are in the area of digital communications, MIMO-OFDM systems, multiple-access, resource allocation, and implementation aspects of digital communication systems. He is the author of several international IEEE conference and journal papers and inventor of numerous patents related to OFDM-MIMO systems.</p>
<i>“Where this book is exceptional is that the reader will learn not just how LTE works but why it works.”</i> Adrian Scrase, ETSI Vice-President, International Partnership Projects <p><b>The first edition of this book is globally recognized as the ultimate reference book on LTE. Following the success of it predecessor, this second edition is fully updated, covering the latest additions to LTE and a full description of LTE-Advanced.</b></p> <p><i>LTE – The UMTS Long Term Evolution, second edition</i> offers a comprehensive system-level understanding built on explanations of the underlying theory. It includes complete coverage of Release 9 and the first release of LTE-Advanced, Release 10. The book is a collaborative effort of more than 40 key experts representing over 20 companies actively participating in the development of LTE, as well as academia. The book highlights practical implications, illustrates the expected performance, and draws comparisons with the well-known WCDMA/HSPA standards. The authors not only pay special attention to the physical layer, giving an insight into the fundamental concepts of OFDMA, SC-FDMA and MIMO, but also cover the higher protocol layers and system architecture to enable the reader to gain an overall understanding of the system.</p> <p><b>Key Features:</b></p> <ul> <li> <div><b>Comprehensively updated with the latest changes of the LTE Release 8 and 9 specifications, including improved coverage of Radio Resource Management, RF aspects and performance requirements</b></div> </li> <li> <div><b>Provides detailed coverage of the new LTE Release 9 features, including: eMBMS, dual-layer beamforming, user equipment positioning, home eNodeBs/femtocells, picocells and Self-Optimizing Networks (SON)</b></div> </li> <li> <div><b>Evaluates the LTE system performance</b></div> </li> <li> <div><b>Explains LTE-Advanced, beginning with its context and motivation, and covering the key new features of carrier aggregation and high-order MIMO, as well as relaying, enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC), network energy saving and minimization of drive tests</b></div> </li> <li> <div><b>Discusses future developments such as Cooperative Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission and Machine-Type Communication (MTC)</b></div> </li> <li> <div><b>Includes an accompanying website containing a complete list of acronyms related to LTE and LTE-Advanced, with a brief description of each (<a href="http://www.wiley.com/go/sesia_theumts">http://www.wiley.com/go/sesia_theumts</a>)</b></div> </li> </ul> <p>This book is an invaluable reference for all research and development engineers involved in implementation of LTE or LTE-Advanced, as well as graduate and PhD students in wireless communications. Network operators, service providers and R&D managers will also find this book insightful.  </p>

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