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Preface xi <p>Acknowledgments xv</p> <p><b>Part I Introduction 1</b></p> <p><b>1. Categorization of Natural Materials and Metamaterials 3</b></p> <p>1.1 Natural and Metamaterial Antennas Discussed in This Book 3</p> <p>1.2 Some Antenna Examples 6</p> <p>References 8</p> <p><b>2. Integral Equations and Method of Moments 11</b></p> <p>2.1 Basic Antenna Characteristics 11</p> <p>2.2 Integral Equation on a Straight-Wire Antenna 15</p> <p>2.3 Method of Moments 16</p> <p>2.4 Integral Equation for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna in Free Space 19</p> <p>2.5 Point-Matching Technique 22</p> <p>2.6 Integral Equation N1 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna: Closed Kernel Expression 23</p> <p>2.7 Integral Equations N2 and N3 for an Antenna System Composed of an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire and an  Arbitrarily Shaped Aperture and Their MoM Transformation 27</p> <p>2.8 Integral Equation N4 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna on a Dielectric Substrate Backed by a Conducting Plane and Its MoM Transformation 34</p> <p>2.9 Integral Equation N5 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna on a Dielectric Half-Space and Its Transformation Using a Finite-Difference Technique 41</p> <p>References 46</p> <p><b>3. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods (FDTDMs) 49</b></p> <p>3.1 Basis 49</p> <p>3.2 LOD–FDTD Method 52</p> <p>References 57</p> <p>Part II Low-Profile Natural Antennas 59</p> <p>Part II-1 Base Station Antennas 61</p> <p><b>4. Inverted-F Antennas 63</b></p> <p>4.1 Inverted-F Antenna with a Single Parasitic Inverted-L Element 63</p> <p>4.2 Inverted-F Antenna with a Pair of Parasitic Inverted-L Elements 67</p> <p>References 73</p> <p><b>5. Multiloop Antennas 75</b></p> <p>5.1 Discrete Multiloop (ML) Antennas 75</p> <p>5.2 Modified Multiloop Antennas 78</p> <p>5.3 Plate-Loop (PL) Antenna 82</p> <p>References 83</p> <p><b>6. Fan-Shaped Antenna 85</b></p> <p>6.1 Wideband Input Impedance 85</p> <p>6.2 Characteristics of The Fan-Shaped Antenna 86</p> <p>6.3 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna (X-Fan Antenna) 87</p> <p>6.4 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna Surrounded By a Wire (X-Fan-W) 89</p> <p>6.5 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna with Slots (X-Fan-S) 92</p> <p>References 93</p> <p><b>7. BOR–SPR Antenna 95</b></p> <p>7.1 Configuration 95</p> <p>7.2 Antenna Input Characteristics of Initial Patch, Patch-Slot, and PSP Antennas 97</p> <p>7.3 Replacement of The Patch Island with a Conducting Body of Revolution (BOR) 99</p> <p>References 103</p> <p><b>Part II-2 Card Antennas for Mobile Equipment 105</b></p> <p><b>8. Inverted LFL Antenna for Dual-Band Operation</b> <b>107</b></p> <p>8.1 Configuration 107</p> <p>8.2 Design 107</p> <p>References 114</p> <p><b>9. Fan-Shaped Card Antenna 117</b></p> <p>9.1 Configuration 117</p> <p>9.2 Antenna Characteristics 118</p> <p>References 123</p> <p><b>10. Planar Monopole Card Antenna 125</b></p> <p>10.1 Ant-1 and Ant-2 125</p> <p>10.2 Ant-3 and Ant-4 127</p> <p>References 131</p> <p><b>Part II-3 Beam forming Antennas 133</b></p> <p><b>11. Inverted-F Antenna Above an Electromagnetic Band-Gap Reflector 135</b></p> <p>11.1 Inverted-F Array with an EBG Reflector (EBG-InvF Array) 135</p> <p>11.2 Antenna Characteristics 136</p> <p>References 140</p> <p><b>12. Reconfigurable Bent Two-Leaf and Four-Leaf Antennas 143</b></p> <p>12.1 BeToL Antenna 143</p> <p>12.2 BeFoL Antenna 153</p> <p>References 160</p> <p><b>13. Patch Antenna with a Nonuniform Loop Plate 163</b></p> <p>13.1 Antenna System 163</p> <p>13.2 Reference Gain and Broadside Radiation—Placement of a Homogeneneous PerioAEs Plate 166</p> <p>13.3 Gradation Constant and Tilted Radiation Beam—Placement of a Nonhomogeneous PerioAEs Plate 168</p> <p>13.4 Gain 170</p> <p>References 173</p> <p><b>14. Linearly Polarized Rhombic Grid Array Antenna 175</b></p> <p>14.1 Configuration 175</p> <p>14.2 Radiation Pattern and Gain 177</p> <p>14.3 VSWR Characteristic 183</p> <p>References 183</p> <p><b>15. Circularly Polarized Grid Array Antenna 185</b></p> <p>15.1 Configuration of a Prototype Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 185</p> <p>15.2 Radiation Characteristics of The Prototype Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 188</p> <p>15.3 Configuration of an Advanced Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 191</p> <p>15.4 Radiation Characteristics of The Advanced Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 192</p> <p>References 198</p> <p><b>Part II-4 Earth–Satellite and Satellite–Satellite Communications Antennas 199</b></p> <p><b>16. Monofilar Spiral Antenna Array 201</b></p> <p>16.1 Tilted-Beam Monofilar Spiral Antenna 201</p> <p>16.2 Tilted CP Fan Beam 206</p> <p>References 209</p> <p><b>17. Low-Profile Helical Antenna Array 211</b></p> <p>17.1 Array Element 211</p> <p>17.2 Array Antenna 213</p> <p>17.3 Application Examples 219</p> <p>References 221</p> <p><b>18. Curl Antennas</b> <b>223</b></p> <p>18.1 High-Gain Normal-Beam Array Antenna Composed of Internal-Excitation Curl Elements 223</p> <p>18.2 High-Gain Tilted-Beam Array Antenna Composed of External-Excitation Curl Elements 229</p> <p>References 236</p> <p><b>Part III Low-Profile Metamaterial Antennas 237</b></p> <p><b>19. Metaline Antenna 239</b></p> <p>19.1 Unit Cell 239</p> <p>19.2 Natural Characteristic Impedance ZNTR, Bloch Impedance ZB, and Phase Constant β 240</p> <p>19.3 Two-Metaline Antennas 243</p> <p>References 246</p> <p><b>20. Metaloop Antenna for Linearly Polarized Radiation 247</b></p> <p>20.1 Metaloop Configuration 247</p> <p>20.2 Single- and Dual-Peak Beams 249</p> <p>References 253</p> <p><b>21. Circularly Polarized Metaloop Antenna 255</b></p> <p>21.1 Configuration 255</p> <p>21.2 Counter-CP Radiation 255</p> <p>References 260</p> <p><b>22. Metaspiral Antenna 261</b></p> <p>22.1 Circularly Polarized Radiation 261</p> <p>22.2 Linearly Polarized Radiation 266</p> <p>References 271</p> <p><b>23. Metahelical Antennas 273</b></p> <p>23.1 Round Metahelical Antenna 273</p> <p>23.2 Rectangular Metahelical Antenna 276</p> <p>References 282</p> <p>Index 283</p>

<p><b>Hisamatsu Nakano</b> is Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics, Science and Engineering at Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. Professor Nakano received the 2010 Prize for Science and Technology from Japan's Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, and is the holder of 78 patents, author of over 300 papers, and a Life Fellow of the IEEE.</p>

<p><b>Presents recent progress in low-profile natural and metamaterial antennas</b></p> <p>This book presents the full range of low-profile antennas that use novel elements and take advantage of new concepts in antenna implementation, including metamaterials. Typically formed by constructing lattices of simple elements, metamaterials possess electromagnetic properties not found in naturally occurring materials, and show great promise in a number of low-profile antenna implementations. Introductory chapters define various natural and metamaterial-based antennas and provide the fundamentals of writing computer programs based on the method of moments (MoM) and the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTDM). Chapters then discuss low-profile natural antennas classified into base station antennas, mobile card antennas, beam-forming antennas, and satellite-satellite and earth-satellite communications antennas. Final chapters look at various properties of low-profile metamaterial-based antennas, revealing the strengths and limitations of the metamaterial-based straight line antenna (metaline antenna), metamaterial-based loop antenna (metaloop), open metaloop antenna, the effects of counter dual-band CP radiation, and more.</p> <ul> <li>Offers comprehensive coverage of both metamaterials and natural materials for low-profile antennas</li> <li>Written by an internationally-recognized expert in the field of low-profile antennas</li> <li>Depicts actual high-performance low-profile antennas for the antenna engineer</li> <li>Draws on classroom-tested material in graduate courses and short courses over the past 20 years</li> </ul> <p>Low-Profile Natural and Metamaterial Antennas is a must-have reference book for advanced undergraduate and graduate level students as well as antenna engineers interested in low-profile antenna design theory.</p>

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