Details

Just the Arguments


Just the Arguments

100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy
1. Aufl.

von: Michael Bruce, Steven Barbone

17,99 €

Verlag: Wiley-Blackwell
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 26.08.2011
ISBN/EAN: 9781444344400
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 432

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Beschreibungen

<b>Does the existence of evil call into doubt the existence of God? Show me the argument.</b> Philosophy starts with questions, but attempts at answers are just as important, and these answers require reasoned argument. Cutting through dense philosophical prose, 100 famous and influential arguments are presented in their essence, with premises, conclusions and logical form plainly identified. Key quotations provide a sense of style and approach. <i>Just the Arguments</i> is an invaluable one-stop argument shop. <ul> <li>A concise, formally structured summation of 100 of the most important arguments in Western philosophy</li> <li>The first book of its kind to present the most important and influential philosophical arguments in a clear premise/conclusion format, the language that philosophers use and students are expected to know</li> <li>Offers succinct expositions of key philosophical arguments without bogging them down in commentary</li> <li>Translates difficult texts to core arguments</li> <li>Designed to provides a quick and compact reference to everything from Aquinas’ “Five Ways” to prove the existence of God, to the metaphysical possibilities of a zombie world</li> </ul>
Acknowledgments xiv <p>Introduction: Show Me the Arguments 1<br /> <i>Michael Bruce and Steven Barbone</i></p> <p><b>Part I Philosophy of Religion 7</b></p> <p>1 Aquinas' Five Ways 9<br /> <i>Timothy J. Pawl</i></p> <p>2 The Contingency Cosmological Argument 18<br /> <i>Mark T. Nelson</i></p> <p>3 The Kalam Argument for the Existence of God 22<br /> <i>Harry Lesser</i></p> <p>4 The Ontological Argument 25<br /> <i>Sara L. Uckelman</i></p> <p>5 Pascal's Wager 28<br /> <i>Leslie Burkholder</i></p> <p>6 James' Will to Believe Argument 32<br /> <i>A. T. Fyfe</i></p> <p>7 The Problem of Evil 35<br /> <i>Michael Bruce and Steven Barbone</i></p> <p>8 The Free Will Defense to the Problem of Evil 37<br /> <i>Grant Sterling</i></p> <p>9 St. Anselm on Free Choice and the Power to Sin 40<br /> <i>Julia Hermann</i></p> <p>10 Hume's Argument against Miracles 44<br /> <i>Tommaso Piazza</i></p> <p>11 The Euthyphro Dilemma 49<br /> <i>David Baggett</i></p> <p>12 Nietzsche's Death of God 52<br /> <i>Tom Grimwood</i></p> <p>13 Ockham's Razor 57<br /> <i>Grant Sterling</i></p> <p><b>Part II Metaphysics 59</b></p> <p>14 Parmenides' Refutation of Change 61<br /> <i>Adrian Bardon</i></p> <p>15 McTaggart's Argument against the Reality of Time 64<br /> <i>M. Joshua Mozersky</i></p> <p>16 Berkeley's Master Argument for Idealism 68<br /> <i>John M. DePoe</i></p> <p>17 Kant's Refutation of Idealism 70<br /> <i>Adrian Bardon</i></p> <p>18 The Master Argument of Diodorus Cronus 73<br /> <i>Ludger Jansen</i></p> <p>19 Lewis' Argument for Possible Worlds 76<br /> <i>David Vander Laan</i></p> <p>20 A Reductionist Account of Personal Identity 79<br /> <i>Fauve Lybaert</i></p> <p>21 Split-Case Arguments about Personal Identity 86<br /> <i>Ludger Jansen</i></p> <p>22 The Ship of Theseus 88<br /> <i>Ludger Jansen</i></p> <p>23 The Problem of Temporary Intrinsics 90<br /> <i>Montserrat Bordes</i></p> <p>24 A Modern Modal Argument for the Soul 93<br /> <i>Rafal Urbaniak and Agnieszka Rostalska</i></p> <p>25 Two Arguments for the Harmlessness of Death 99</p> <p>Epicurus' Death is Nothing to Us Argument 99<br /> <i>Steven Luper</i></p> <p>Lucretius' Symmetry Argument 100<br /> <i>Nicolas Bommarito</i></p> <p>26 The Existence of Forms: Plato's Argument from the Possibility of Knowledge 102<br /> <i>Jurgis (George) Brakas</i></p> <p>27 Plato, Aristotle, and the Third Man Argument 106<br /> <i>Jurgis (George) Brakas</i></p> <p>28 Logical Monism 111<br /> <i>Luis Estrada-González</i></p> <p>29 The Maximality Paradox 115<br /> <i>Nicola Ciprotti</i></p> <p>30 An Argument for Free Will 119<br /> <i>Gerald Harrison</i></p> <p>31 Frankfurt's Refutation of the Principle of Alternative Possibilities 121<br /> <i>Gerald Harrison</i></p> <p>32 Van Inwagen's Consequence Argument against Compatibilism 123<br /> <i>Grant Sterling</i></p> <p>33 Fatalism 125<br /> <i>Fernando Migura and Agustin Arrieta</i></p> <p>34 Sartre's Argument for Freedom 128<br /> <i>Jeffrey Gordon</i></p> <p><b>Part III Epistemology 131</b></p> <p>35 The Cogito Arguments of Descartes and Augustine 133</p> <p>Descartes' Cogito 133<br /> <i>Joyce Lazier</i></p> <p>Augustine's "<i>Si fallor, sum"</i>Argument (If I Am Mistaken, I Exist) 135<br /> <i>Brett Gaul</i></p> <p>36 The Cartesian Dreaming Argument for External-World Skepticism 137<br /> <i>Stephen Hetherington</i></p> <p>37 The Transparency of Experience Argument 142<br /> <i>Carlos Mario Muñoz-Suárez</i></p> <p>38 The Regress Argument for Skepticism 146<br /> <i>Scott Aikin</i></p> <p>39 Moore's Anti-Skeptical Arguments 152<br /> <i>Matthew Frise</i></p> <p>40 The Bias Paradox 154<br /> <i>Deborah Heikes</i></p> <p>41 Gettier's Argument against the Traditional Account of Knowledge 156<br /> <i>John M. DePoe</i></p> <p>42 Putnam's Argument against Cultural Imperialism 159<br /> <i>Maria Caamaño</i></p> <p>43 Davidson on the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme 162<br /> <i>George Wrisley</i></p> <p>44 Quine's Two Dogmas of Empiricism 169<br /> <i>Robert Sinclair</i></p> <p>45 Hume and the Problem of Induction 174</p> <p>Hume's Problem of Induction 174<br /> <i>James E. Taylor</i></p> <p>Hume's Negative Argument concerning Induction 176<br /> <i>Stefanie Rocknak</i></p> <p>46 Argument by Analogy in Thales and Anaximenes 180<br /> <i>Giannis Stamatellos</i></p> <p>47 Quine's Epistemology Naturalized 183<br /> <i>Robert Sinclair</i></p> <p>48 Sellars and the Myth of the Given 188<br /> <i>Willem A. deVries</i></p> <p>49 Sellars' "Rylean Myth" 193<br /> <i>Willem A. deVries</i></p> <p>50 Aristotle and the Argument to End All Arguments 198<br /> <i>Toni Vogel Carey</i></p> <p><b>Part IV Ethics 201</b></p> <p>51 Justice Brings Happiness in Plato's <i>Republic</i> 203<br /> <i>Joshua I. Weinstein</i></p> <p>52 Aristotle's Function Argument 208<br /> <i>Sean McAleer</i></p> <p>53 Aristotle's Argument that Goods are Irreducible 211<br /> <i>Jurgis (George) Brakas</i></p> <p>54 Aristotle's Argument for Perfectionism 214<br /> <i>Eric J. Silverman</i></p> <p>55 Categorical Imperative as the Source for Morality 217<br /> <i>Joyce Lazier</i></p> <p>56 Kant on Why Autonomy Deserves Respect 221<br /> <i>Mark Piper</i></p> <p>57 Mill's Proof of Utilitarianism 223<br /> <i>A. T. Fyfe</i></p> <p>58 The Experience Machine Objection to Hedonism 229<br /> <i>Dan Weijers</i></p> <p>59 The Error Theory Argument 232<br /> <i>Robert L. Muhlnickel</i></p> <p>60 Moore's Open Question Argument 237<br /> <i>Bruno Verbeek</i></p> <p>61 Wolff's Argument for the Rejection of State Authority 240<br /> <i>Ben Saunders</i></p> <p>62 Nozick's Taxation Is Forced Labor Argument 242<br /> <i>Jason Waller</i></p> <p>63 Charity is Obligatory 244<br /> <i>Joakim Sandberg</i></p> <p>64 The Repugnant Conclusion 247<br /> <i>Joakim Sandberg</i></p> <p>65 Taurek on Numbers Don't Count 249<br /> <i>Ben Saunders</i></p> <p>66 Parfit's Leveling Down Argument against Egalitarianism 251<br /> <i>Ben Saunders</i></p> <p>67 Nozick's Wilt Chamberlain Argument 254<br /> <i>Fabian Wendt</i></p> <p>68 Liberal Feminism 258<br /> <i>Julinna C. Oxley</i></p> <p>69 Moral Status of Animals from Marginal Cases 263<br /> <i>Julia Tanner</i></p> <p>70 The Ethical Vegetarianism Argument 265<br /> <i>Robert L. Muhlnickel</i></p> <p>71 Thomson and the Famous Violinist 269<br /> <i>Leslie Burkholder</i></p> <p>72 Marquis and the Immorality of Abortion 273<br /> <i>Leslie Burkholder</i></p> <p>73 Tooley on Abortion and Infanticide 275<br /> <i>Ben Saunders</i></p> <p>74 Rachels on Euthanasia 277<br /> <i>Leslie Burkholder</i></p> <p><b>Part V Philosophy of Mind 281</b></p> <p>75 Leibniz' Argument for Innate Ideas 283<br /> <i>Byron Kaldis</i></p> <p>76 Descartes' Arguments for the Mind–Body Distinction 290<br /> <i>Dale Jacquette</i></p> <p>77 Princess Elisabeth and the Mind–Body Problem 297<br /> <i>Jen McWeeny</i></p> <p>78 Kripke's Argument for Mind–Body Property Dualism 301<br /> <i>Dale Jacquette</i></p> <p>79 The Argument from Mental Causation for Physicalism 304<br /> <i>Amir Horowitz</i></p> <p>80 Davidson's Argument for Anomalous Monism 308<br /> <i>Amir Horowitz</i></p> <p>81 Putnam's Multiple Realization Argument against Type-Physicalism 311<br /> <i>Amir Horowitz</i></p> <p>82 The Supervenience Argument against Non-Reductive Physicalism 314<br /> <i>Andrew Russo</i></p> <p>83 Ryle's Argument against Cartesian Internalism 318<br /> <i>Agustin Arrieta and Fernando Migura</i></p> <p>84 Jackson's Knowledge Argument 320<br /> <i>Amir Horowitz</i></p> <p>85 Nagel's "What Is It Like to Be a Bat" Argument against Physicalism 324<br /> <i>Amy Kind</i></p> <p>86 Chalmer's Zombie Argument 327<br /> <i>Amy Kind</i></p> <p>87 The Argument from Revelation 330<br /> <i>Carlos Mario Muñoz-Suárez</i></p> <p>88 Searle and the Chinese Room Argument 334<br /> <i>Leslie Burkholder</i></p> <p><b>Part VI Science and Language 337</b></p> <p>89 Sir Karl Popper's Demarcation Argument 339<br /> <i>Liz Stillwaggon Swan</i></p> <p>90 Kuhn's Incommensurability Arguments 341<br /> <i>Liz Stillwaggon Swan and Michael Bruce</i></p> <p>91 Putnam's No Miracles Argument 344<br /> <i>Liz Stillwaggon Swan</i></p> <p>92 Galileo's Falling Bodies 346<br /> <i>Liz Stillwaggon Swan</i></p> <p>93 Eliminative Materialism 348<br /> <i>Charlotte Blease</i></p> <p>94 Wittgenstein's Private Language Argument 350<br /> <i>George Wrisley</i></p> <p>95 Fodor's Argument for Linguistic Nativism 355<br /> <i>Majid Amini</i></p> <p>96 Fodor and the Impossibility of Learning 359<br /> <i>Majid Amini</i></p> <p>97 Quine on the Indeterminacy of Translation 362<br /> <i>Robert Sinclair</i></p> <p>98 Davidson's Argument for the Principle of Charity 367<br /> <i>Maria Caamaño</i></p> <p>99 Frege's Argument for Platonism 370<br /> <i>Ivan Kasa</i></p> <p>100 Mathematical Platonism 373<br /> <i>Nicolas Pain</i></p> <p>Appendix A: Learning the Logical Lingo 377</p> <p>Appendix B: Rules of Inference and Replacement 378</p> <p>Notes on Contributors 380</p> <p>Index 391</p>
<p>“A useful resource for an undergraduate library, this book also would be suitable for undergraduate courses, particularly introduction to philosophy, logic, and critical thinking.  Summing Up: Highly recommended.  Lower-level undergraduates and general readers.”  (<i>Choice</i>, 1 September 2012)</p>
<p><b>Michael Bruce</b> currently researches in the history of philosophy. He has taught philosophy and mathematics courses at the University of Washington's Robinson Center for Young Scholars. <p><b>Steven Barbone</b> is Associate Professor of Philosophy at San Diego State University.
<p>Edited by <b>Michael Bruce and Steven Barbone</b> <p><b>JUST THE ARGUMENTS</b> <p>"An invaluable tool for students – or anyone interested in philosophy – <i>Just the Arguments</i> distills the most important arguments from the Western philosophical tradition into concise and lucid prose. The editors should be commended for providing such an action-packed resource; it's highly recommended!"</br> <b><i>Fritz Allhoff, Western Michigan University</i></b> <p>Philosophers don't just make claims, they give arguments. Does the existence of evil call into doubt the existence of God? Show me the argument. Will living a just life lead to happiness? Show me the argument. Philosophy starts with questions, but attempts at answers are just as important, and these answers require reasoned argument. <p>Cutting through notoriously dense and verbose philosophical prose, the authors set 100 famous and influential arguments in context, including key quotations, to explain the original style and approach. Each argument is laid bare in its essential form, with premises and conclusions plainly identified and the form of argument specified. <p>Designed to offer a quick and compact reference to everything from Aquinas' "Five Ways" to prove the existence of God to the metaphysical possibilities of zombie minds, <i>Just the Arguments</i> is an invaluable one-stop argument shop. <p>Please see <b>www.justthearguments.com</b>, a site for students, teachers, researchers, and fans of philosophy.
An invaluable tool for students-or anyone interested in philosophy-<i>Just the Arguments</i> distills the most important arguments from the Western philosophical tradition into concise and lucid prose.  The editors should be commended for providing such an action-packed resource; it's highly recommended!<br /> <br /> <p> </p> <p>Fritz Allhoff, Western Michigan University</p>

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