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Acknowledgements vii <p>Prologue:Why Study Disability? ix</p> <p><b>Part I The Roots of Dehumanization 1</b></p> <p>1 Intellectual Disability: History and Evolution of Definitions 3</p> <p>2 The Social Construction of Purgatory: Ideas and Institutions 19</p> <p>3 A Failure of Intelligence 37</p> <p>4 The Consequences of Reason: Moral Philosophy and Intelligence 53</p> <p><b>Part II Out of the Darkness 77</b></p> <p>5 Defining the Person: The Moral and Social Consequences of Philosophies of Selfhood 79</p> <p>6 Alternative Views of Moral Engagement: Relationality and Rationality 95</p> <p>7 Culture and Intellectual Disability 116</p> <p><b>Part III Disability Ethics for a New Age 131</b></p> <p>8 Quality of Life and Perception of Self 133</p> <p>9 Application and Best Practices: Rights, Education, and Ethics 151</p> <p>10 Epilogue: Visions of the Future 170</p> <p>References 177</p> <p>Name Index 215</p> <p>Subject Index 225</p>

<p>“The best use of this valuable contribution may be to disseminate it to the decision makers, legislators, and health care providers and, most importantly, to the educators and trainers who can extract the gems from this treasure chest to increase the wealth of knowledge and improve the awareness of direct workers, families, medical/behavioral health students, and community members about people with intellectual disabilities.  In addition, this book could be used to correct a significant concern regarding the professionals who provide services to this population.”  (<i>PsycCRITIQUES</i>, 28 April 2014)</p> <p>“This well-thought-out reference is grounded in thorough research with an engaging narrative.  Summing Up: Highly recommended.  Lower-level undergraduates and above; general readers.”  (<i>Choice</i>, 1 March 2014)</p> <p>"It is entirely refreshing to read about intellectual disability from a philosophical and social perspective. I would recommend this book to anyone with an interest in intellectual disability (be it clinical, academic or personal). It is a useful piece of literature that will aid anyone involved in this field to more readily appreciate the social, moral and historical context of intellectual disability, while providing a useful framework to consider for the future." The International Journal of Developmental Disabilities</p>

<p><b>Heather E. Keith</b> is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Green Mountain College, Vermont. Her work has appeared in such publications as <i>The Transactions</i> <i>of the Charles S. Peirce Society</i>, <i>The Journal of Chinese Philosophy</i>, <i>Streams of William James</i>, and the <i>Encyclopedia of American Philosophy</i>.</p> <p><b>Kenneth D. Keith</b> is Professor Emeritus of Psychological Sciences at the University of San Diego. The author, co-author, or editor of more than 100 scientific and professional publications including The <i>Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural Psychology</i>, Keith is also a Fellow of the American Psychological Association in the divisions on teaching and on international psychology, and a Fellow of the Western Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological Science.</p>

<p><i>Intellectual Disability: Ethics, Dehumanization, and a New Moral Community</i> presents an interdisciplinary exploration of the roots and evolution of the dehumanization of people with intellectual disabilities. Chapters examine how an intellectual and cultural foundation was established for the claim that morality requires a narrowly defined form of rationality—a belief the authors contend has contributed to widespread discrimination against, and marginalization of, those with limited cognitive skills. Offering valuable insights for moral philosophers, psychologists, and educators, the book reinforces the importance of an interdisciplinary understanding of the social construction of intellectual disability and offers a more expansive view of moral engagement.</p>

<p>One of the greatest challenges facing the field of intellectual disability in today’s transformational era is that we will forget from where we have come.  The inclusion of people with intellectual disability into the mainstream of life is based on the principles of inclusion, empowerment, equity, and self-determination. This well-written and conceptually solid  book contributes significantly to both our understanding of the past attitudes towards people who are now coming out of the darkness, and the ethical and moral challenges we continue to face to enhance their quality of life.<br /> —<b>Bob Schalock, Professor Emeritus, Hastings College.</b></p> <p><i>Intellectual Disability: Ethics, Dehumanization, and a New Moral Community</i> is a welcome piece of scholarship that draws on philosophy and several other fields to provide a thoughtful account of what shapes our thinking about intellectual disability. Filled with stories and historical facts presented in a highly interesting way, all from a captivating assortment of approaches, this book is hard to set down.<br /> —<b>Professor Ivan Brown, Centre for Disability Studies, Brock University, Canada and Associate Director, IASSIDD Academy for Teaching, Learning, and Research.</b></p> <p>Marshaling a broad command of the relevant literature from psychology and philosophy, the authors open new vistas of understanding on a subject of great importance for the future of human society.  They succeed in bringing moral issues concerned with intellectual disability from the margins of understanding to a bright new sympathetic intelligibility.<br /> —<b>Larry A. Hickman, Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Dewey Studies, Southern Illinois University Carbondale.</b></p> <p>This concise and thoughtful book skillfully guides the reader to consider recent changes for good in the lives of many people with intellectual disabilities.  A rich trove of published references spanning many disciplines will gladden the hearts of many scholars. This book invites us to shape, to seize and to benefit from the changes yet in store.<br /> —<b>Patricia Noonan Walsh PhD, Professor Emerita of Disability Studies, University College Dublin.</b></p>

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