Details

Improving Natural Resource Management

Ecological and Political Models
1. Aufl.

von: Timothy C. Haas
72,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley
Format:	EPUB
Veröffentl.:	13.01.2011
ISBN/EAN:	9780470979556
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	272

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Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

The decision to implement environmental protection options is a political one. These, and other political and social decisions affect the balance of the ecosystem and how the point of equilibrium desired is to be reached. This book develops a stochastic, temporal model of how political processes influence and are influenced by ecosystem processes and looks at how to find the most politically feasible plan for managing an at-risk ecosystem. Finding such a plan is accomplished by first fitting a mechanistic political and ecological model to a data set composed of observations on both political actions that impact an ecosystem and variables that describe the ecosystem. The parameters of this fitted model are perturbed just enough to cause human behaviour to change so that desired ecosystem states occur. This perturbed model gives the ecosystem management plan needed to reach desired ecosystem states. To construct such a set of interacting models, topics from political science, ecology, probability, and statistics are developed and explored. Key features: <ul> <li>Explores politically feasible ways to manage at-risk ecosystems.</li> <li>Gives agent-based models of how social groups affect ecosystems through time.</li> <li>Demonstrates how to fit models of population dynamics to mixtures of wildlife data.</li> <li>Presents statistical methods for fitting models of group behaviour to political action data.</li> <li>Supported by an accompanying website featuring datasets and JAVA code.</li> </ul> This book will be useful to managers and analysts working in organizations charged with finding practical ways to sustain biodiversity or the physical environment. Furthermore this book also provides a political roadmap to help lawmakers and administrators improve institutional environmental management decision making.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface. List of Figures. List of Tables. Nomenclature. Part I Managing a Political-Ecological System. 1 Introduction. 1.1 The Problem to be Addressed. 1.2 The Book's Running Example: East African Cheetah. 1.3 The EMT's Simulator. 1.4 How to Use the EMT to Manage an Ecosystem. 1.5 Chapter Topics and Order. 1.6 The Book's Accompanying Web Resources. 2 Simulator Architecture, Operation, and Example Output. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Theory for Agent-Based Simulation. 2.3 Action Messages and IntIDs Model Operation. 2.4 A Plot for Displaying an Actions History. 2.5 Conclusions. 2.6 Exercises. 3 Blue Whale Population Management. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Current Status of Blue Whales. 3.3 Groups that Affect Blue Whale Populations. 3.4 Blue Whale Ecosystem ID. 3.5 Interactions Between IDs. 3.6 Data Sets for the Blue Whale EMT. 3.7 Main Points of this Chapter's Example. 3.8 Exercises. 4 Finding the Most Practical Ecosystem Management Plan. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Some Methods for Developing Ecosystem Management Plans. 4.3 Consistency Analysis Parameter Estimator Overview. 4.4 The MPEMP: Definition and Construction. 4.5 The MPEMP for East African Cheetah. 4.6 Conclusions. 4.7 Exercises. 5 An Open, Web-Based Ecosystem Management Tool. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Components of a Politically Realistic EMT. 5.3 Id Language and Software System. 5.4 How the EMT Website Would be Used. Part II Model Formulation, Estimation, and Reliability. 6 Influence Diagrams of Political Decision Making. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Theories of Political Decision Making. 6.3 Architecture of a Group Decision Making ID. 6.4 Related Modeling Efforts. 6.5 Conclusions. 6.6 Exercises. 7 Group IDs for the East African Cheetah EMT. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Country Backgrounds. 7.3 Selection of Groups to Model. 7.4 President IDs. 7.5 EPA IDs. 7.6 Rural Residents IDs. 7.7 Pastoralists IDs. 7.8 Conservation NGOs ID. 7.9 Conclusions. 7.10 Exercises. 8 Modeling Wildlife Population Dynamics with an Influence Diagram. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Model of Cheetah and Prey Population Dynamics. 8.3 Solving SDEs within an ID. 8.4 Example of Ecosystem ID Output. 8.5 Conclusions. 8.6 Exercises. 9 Political Action Taxonomies, Collection Protocols, and an Actions History Example. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Political Action Taxonomies. 9.3 Adapting the BCOW Taxonomy to Ecosystem Management Actions. 9.4 EMAT Coding Protocol. 9.5 Actions History Data for the East African Cheetah EMT. 9.6 Conclusions. 10 Ecosystem Data. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Wildlife Monitoring. 10.3 Wildlife Abundance Estimation Methods. 10.4 East African Cheetah Prey Abundance Data. 10.5 Data on Cheetah Habitat Suitability Nodes. 10.6 Conclusions. 10.7 Exercises. 11 Statistical Fitting of the Political-Ecological System Simulator. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Consistency Analysis Applied to an Actions History. 11.3 Consistency Analysis of the East African Cheetah EMT Simulator. 11.4 Conclusions and Another Collection Initialization Algorithm. 11.5 Exercises. 12 Assessing the Simulator's Reliability and Improving Its Construct Validity. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Steps for Assessing Simulator Reliability. 12.3 Sensitivity Analysis. 12.4 One-Step-Ahead Prediction Error Rates. 12.5 MC Hypothesis Tests. 12.6 Sensitivity to Hidden Bias Analysis. 12.7 Conclusions. 12.8 Exercises. Part III Assessment. 13 Current Capabilities and Limitations of the Politically Realistic EMT. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Current Capabilities of the EMT. 13.3 Current Limitations of the EMT. 13.4 Supporting the EMT in the Real World. 13.5 Consequences of Using a Politically Realistic EMT. Appendices. Appendix A Heuristics Used to Assign Hypothesis Values to Parameters. Appendix B Cluster Computing Version of Hooke and Jeeves Search. References. Index.

Rezension

"This said, I acknowledge that the goal that stands behind this book was very challenging and that the EMT model can represent a good starting point." (Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 2011)

Autorenportrait

Timothy C. Haas, Lubar School of Business Administration, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee. Timothy Haas is involved in teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in statistical methods, pursuing decision making and environmental statistics research, and collaborating with faculty on application of statistics to Marketing and Economics.

Back cover copy

The decision to implement environmental protection options is a political one. These, and other political and social decisions affect the balance of the ecosystem and how the point of equilibrium desired is to be reached. This book develops a stochastic, temporal model of how political processes influence and are influenced by ecosystem processes and looks at how to find the most politically feasible plan for managing an at-risk ecosystem. Finding such a plan is accomplished by first fitting a mechanistic political and ecological model to a data set composed of observations on both political actions that impact an ecosystem and variables that describe the ecosystem. The parameters of this fitted model are perturbed just enough to cause human behaviour to change so that desired ecosystem states occur. This perturbed model gives the ecosystem management plan needed to reach desired ecosystem states. To construct such a set of interacting models, topics from political science, ecology, probability, and statistics are developed and explored. Key features: <ul> <li>Explores politically feasible ways to manage at-risk ecosystems.</li> <li>Gives agent-based models of how social groups affect ecosystems through time.</li> <li>Demonstrates how to fit models of population dynamics to mixtures of wildlife data.</li> <li>Presents statistical methods for fitting models of group behaviour to political action data.</li> <li>Supported by an accompanying website featuring datasets and JAVA code.</li> </ul> This book will be useful to managers and analysts working in organizations charged with finding practical ways to sustain biodiversity or the physical environment. Furthermore this book also provides a political roadmap to help lawmakers and administrators improve institutional environmental management decision making.