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<p>List of Contributors ix</p> <p>Preface xvii</p> <p>Acknowledgments xix</p> <p>About the Editor xxi</p> <p>1 Pathogenesis of the Old World Arenaviruses in Humans 1<br /><i>Igor S. Lukashevich</i></p> <p>2 Pathogenesis of New World Arenaviruses in Humans 29<br /><i>Veronica Martın, Stefan Kunz, Esteban Domingo, and Noemı Sevilla</i></p> <p>3 Pathogenesis of Emerging and Novel Bunyaviruses in Humans 43<br /><i>Cong Jin and Dexin Li</i></p> <p>4 Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever in Humans 73<br /><i>Inaia Phoenix and Tetsuro Ikegami</i></p> <p>5 Pathogenesis of Hantavirus Infections 95<br /><i>Tarja Sironen, Olli Vapalahti, and Alexander Plyusnin</i></p> <p>6 Molecular Pathogenesis of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection 113<br /><i>Sunit Kumar Singh</i></p> <p>7 Dengue Virus Infection in Humans: Epidemiology, Biology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Aspects 125<br /><i>Fatih Anfasa, Leonard Nainggolan, and Byron E. E. Martina</i></p> <p>8 Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus in Humans 145<br /><i>Rianna Vandergaast, Katherine L. Hussmann, and Brenda L. Fredericksen</i></p> <p>9 Overview on Chikungunya Virus Pathogenesis 177<br /><i>Sunit Kumar Singh</i></p> <p>10 Nipah Virus Infections in Humans 189<br /><i>Kaw Bing Chua, Chong Tin Tan, and Kum Thong Wong</i></p> <p>11 Pathogenesis of Hendra Virus in Humans 207<br /><i>Chad E. Mire, Benjamin A. Satterfield, and Thomas W. Geisbert</i></p> <p>12 Pathogenesis of Rotavirus in Humans 227<br /><i>Carlos Fernando Narvaez, Martha C. Mesa, Alfonso Barreto, Luz-Stella Rodr´ıguez, and Juana Angel</i></p> <p>13 Pathogenesis of Papillomaviruses in Humans 243<br /><i>John Doorbar</i></p> <p>14 Kaposi’s Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Pathogenesis 265<br /><i>Lia R. Walker, Anshul V. Subramanya, Zeal T. Akula, and Shaw M. Akula</i></p> <p>15 Microsporidiosis in Humans 281<br /><i>Henry Shikani, Elizabeth S. Didier, and Louis M. Weiss</i></p> <p>16 Pathogenesis of <i>Toxoplasma gondii </i>in Humans 303<br /><i>Hong-Juan Peng, Feng Tan, and David S. Lindsay</i></p> <p>17 Pathogenesis of Human African Trypanosomiasis 319<br /><i>Jennifer Cnops and Stefan Magez</i></p> <p>18 Pathogenesis of Leishmaniasis in Humans 337<br /><i>Steve Oghumu, Gayathri Natarajan, and Abhay R. Satoskar</i></p> <p>19 Pathogenesis of Chagas Disease in Humans 349<br /><i>Marıa-Jes us Pinazo, Faustino Torrico, and Joaquim Gascon</i></p> <p>20 Pathogenesis of <i>Cryptosporidium </i>in Humans, 371<br /><i>Gabriela Certad, Marwan Osman, and Sadia Benamrouz</i></p> <p>21 Pathogenesis of Malarial Parasites in Humans 393<br /><i>Caroline Lin Lin Chua, Ricardo Ataıde, Alexandra J. Umbers, and Phillipe Boeuf</i></p> <p>22 Pathogenesis of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis </i>in Humans 423<br /><i>Marlene Benchimol, Antonio Pereira-Neves, and Wanderley de Souza</i></p> <p>23 <i>Loa loa </i>Pathogenesis in Humans 441<br /><i>Akue Jean Paul</i></p> <p>24 Nematode Larva Migrans 453<br /><i>Kumara Singaravelu, Christina M. Coyle, Yuri C. Martins, Louis M. Weiss, Fabiana S. Machado, Herbert B. Tanowitz, and Kevin R. Kazacos</i></p> <p>25 Pathogenesis of Human Schistosomiasis 481<br /><i>Thien-Linh Le, Susanne H. Sokolow, Olfat Hammam, Chi-Ling Fu, and Michael Hsieh</i></p> <p>26 Vector-Borne Parasitic Zoonotic Infections in Humans 505<br /><i>Domenico Otranto and Filipe Dantas-Torres</i></p> <p>27 Pathogenesis of <i>Haemophilus influenzae </i>in Humans 517<br /><i>Alistair Harrison and Kevin M. Mason</i></p> <p>28 <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>: Molecular Mechanisms and Animal Models of Colonization and Disease 535<br /><i>Christopher R. Gourley and Michael E. Konkel</i></p> <p>29 Pathogenesis of <i>Francisella tularensis </i>in Humans 555<br /><i>Monique Barel, Nathalie Grall, and Alain Charbit</i></p> <p>30 Pathogenesis of <i>Yersinia pestis </i>in Humans 567<br /><i>E.D. Williamson</i></p> <p>31 Pathogenesis of <i>Legionella pneumophila </i>in Humans 575<br /><i>Adam J. Vogrin and Elizabeth L. Hartland</i></p> <p>32 Pathogenesis of <i>Kingella kingae </i>Infections 591<br /><i>Pablo Yagupsky</i></p> <p>33 Pathogenesis of <i>Helicobacter pylori </i>in Humans 607<br /><i>Carlo-Federico Zambon, Daniela Basso, Michela Pelloso, Alberto Tessari, and Mario Plebani</i></p> <p>34 Pathogenesis of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis </i>in Humans 635<br /><i>Luis Otero Guerra, Jose Antonio Boga, Jonathan Fernandez Suarez, Carlos Fernandez Benıtez, and Fernando Vazquez</i></p> <p>35 Pertussis or Whooping Cough 649<br /><i>Camille Locht and Nathalie Mielcarek</i></p> <p>36 Pathogenesis of Human Ehrlichioses 665<br /><i>Tais Berelli Saito and David H. Walker</i></p> <p>37 <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>: The Pathogen, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Resistance 683<br /><i>Namraj Goire, David J. Speers, Monica M. Lahra, and David M. Whiley</i></p> <p>38 Pathogenesis of <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae </i>and <i>Corynebacterium ulcerans</i> 699<br /><i>Andreas Burkovski</i></p> <p>39 Pathogenesis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus </i>in Humans 711<br /><i>Thea Lu and Frank R. DeLeo</i></p> <p>40 Pathogenesis of <i>Listeria monocytogenes </i>in Humans 749<br /><i>Helene Marquis, Douglas A. Drevets, Michael S. Bronze, Sophia Kathariou, Thaddeus G. Golos, and J. Igor Iruretagoyena</i></p> <p>41 Anthrax Infection 773<br /><i>Kenneth E. Remy, Caitlin Hicks, and Peter Q. Eichacker</i></p> <p>42 Pathogenesis of <i>Streptococcus </i>in Humans 795<br /><i>Roberta Creti, Giovanni Gherardi, Alberto Berardi, and Lucilla Baldassarri</i></p> <p>43 Pathogenesis of <i>Clostridium botulinum </i>in Humans 821<br /><i>Sabine Pellett</i></p> <p>44 <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans </i>and Buruli Ulcer 841<br /><i>Mark Eric Benbow, Belinda Hall, Lydia Mosi, Sophie Roberts, Rachel Simmonds, and Heather Williamson Jordan</i></p> <p>45 Challenges Associated with Diagnostics, Drug Resistance, and Pathogenesis of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> 863<br /><i>Juan Carlos Palomino and Anandi Martin</i></p> <p>46 Pathogenesis of <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi </i>Infection in Humans 877<br /><i>Wiwit Tantibhedhyabgkul and Jean-Louis Mege</i></p> <p>47 Lyme Borreliosis 887<br /><i>John J. Halperin</i></p> <p>48 NDM-Type Carbapenemases in Gram-Negative Rods 897<br /><i>Laurent Dortet, Laurent Poirel, and Patrice Nordmann</i></p> <p>49 Pathogenesis of Cryptococcosis in Humans 915<br /><i>Ricardo Negroni and Alicia I. Arechavala</i></p> <p>50 <i>Candida albicans: </i>Clinical Relevance, Pathogenesis, and Host Immunity 929<br /><i>Alexandra Correia, Paula Sampaio, Manuel Vilanova, and Celia Pais</i></p> <p>51 Pathogenesis of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii </i>Pneumonia 953<br /><i>Taylor Eddens, Aniket Kaloti, and Jay K. Kolls</i></p> <p>52 Pathogenesis of Aspergillosis in Humans 967<br /><i>George Dimopoulos, Dimitrios K. Matthaiou, Nikolaos Moussas, Olympia Apostolopoulou, George Arabatzis, Aristea Velegraki, and Garyphalia Poulakou</i></p> <p>Index i1</p>

<p><b>THE EDITOR</b> <p><b>Sunit K. Singh,</b> Ph.D is an Associate Professor (Molecular Immunology) in the Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, <p>Institute of Medical Sciences , Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India.

<p><b>Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections</b> <p>Viral and Parasitic Infections <p><i>Edited by</i> Sunit K. Singh <p>Emerging and re-emerging pathogens pose several challenges to diagnosis, treatment, and public health surveillance, primarily because pathogen identification is a difficult and time-consuming process due to the "novel" nature of the agent. Proper identification requires a wide array of techniques, but the significance of these diagnostics is anticipated to increase with advances in newer molecular and nanobiotechnological interventions and health information technology. <p><i>Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections</i> covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, clinical features, and public health risks posed by new viral and microbial infections. The book includes detailed coverage on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, development of various diagnostic tools, diagnostic assays and their limitations, key research priorities, and new technologies in infection diagnostics. Volume 1 addresses viral and parasitic infections, while volume 2 delves into bacterial and mycotic infections. <p><i>Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections</i> is an invaluable resource for researchers in parasitologists, microbiology, Immunology, neurology and virology, as well as clinicians and students interested in understanding the current knowledge and future directions of infectious diseases. <ul> <li>Covers emerging and re-emerging viral, parasitic, fungal, and bacterial infections</li> <li>Includes detailed descriptions of diagnostic tools used in pathogen detection</li> <li>Points the way forward for new diagnostic tools for emerging and re-emerging infections</li> <li>Encompasses a variety of diagnostic techniques including cell cultures, animal inoculation, cultivation in artificial media, histopathological evaluation of tissues, serological techniques using surrogate antigens and advanced molecular biology based approaches</li> <li>An invaluable resource for clinicians, instructors, basic and applied scientists, students, and established researchers</li> </ul>

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