Details

Handbook of Environmental Engineering


Handbook of Environmental Engineering


1. Aufl.

von: Myer Kutz

170,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 25.07.2018
ISBN/EAN: 9781119304432
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 768

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Beschreibungen

<p><b>A comprehensive guide for both fundamentals and real-world applications of environmental engineering</b></p> <p>Written by noted experts, <i>Handbook of Environmental Engineering</i> offers a comprehensive guide to environmental engineers who desire to contribute to mitigating problems, such as flooding, caused by extreme weather events, protecting populations in coastal areas threatened by rising sea levels, reducing illnesses caused by polluted air, soil, and water from improperly regulated industrial and transportation activities, promoting the safety of the food supply.  <br /><br /> Contributors not only cover such timely environmental topics related to soils, water, and air, minimizing pollution created by industrial plants and processes, and managing wastewater, hazardous, solid, and other industrial wastes, but also treat such vital topics as porous pavement design, aerosol measurements, noise pollution control, and industrial waste auditing. This important handbook:</p> <ul> <li>Enables environmental engineers to treat problems in systematic ways</li> <li>Discusses climate issues in ways useful for environmental engineers</li> <li>Covers up-to-date measurement techniques important in environmental engineering</li> <li>Reviews current developments in environmental law for environmental engineers</li> <li>Includes information on water quality and wastewater engineering</li> <li>Informs environmental engineers about methods of dealing with industrial and municipal waste, including hazardous waste</li> </ul> <p>Designed for use by practitioners, students, and researchers, <i>Handbook of Environmental Engineering </i>contains the most recent information to enable a clear understanding of major environmental issues.</p>
<p>List of Contributors xiii</p> <p>Preface xv</p> <p><b>1 Environmental Systems Analysis 1<br /></b><i>Adisa Azapagic</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2 Environmental Systems Analysis Methods 1</p> <p>1.3 Summary 11</p> <p>References 11</p> <p><b>2 Measurements in Environmental Engineering 13</b><br /><i>Daniel A. Vallero</i></p> <p>Summary 13</p> <p>2.1 Introduction 13</p> <p>2.2 Environmental Sampling Approaches 18</p> <p>2.3 Laboratory Analysis 22</p> <p>2.4 Sources of Uncertainty 25</p> <p>2.5 Measurements and Models 27</p> <p>2.6 Contaminants of Concern 27</p> <p>2.7 Environmental Indicators 31</p> <p>2.8 Emerging Trends in Measurement 33</p> <p>2.9 Measurement Ethics 40</p> <p>Note 41</p> <p>References 41</p> <p><b>3 Environmental Law for Engineers 45<br /></b><i>Jana B. Milford</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction and General Principles 45</p> <p>3.2 Common Law 48</p> <p>3.3 The National Environmental Policy Act 50</p> <p>3.4 Clean Air Act 52</p> <p>3.5 Clean Water Act 55</p> <p>3.6 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 58</p> <p>3.7 CERCLA 61</p> <p>3.8 Enforcement and Liability 62</p> <p>Notes 65</p> <p><b>4 Climate Modeling 67<br /></b><i>Huei‐Ping Huang</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 67</p> <p>4.2 Historical Development 67</p> <p>4.3 Numerical Architecture of the Dynamical Core 68</p> <p>4.4 Physical and Subgrid‐Scale Parameterization 71</p> <p>4.5 Coupling among the Major Components of the Climate System 73</p> <p>4.6 The Practice of Climate Prediction and Projection 73</p> <p>4.7 Statistical Model 77</p> <p>4.8 Outlook 77</p> <p>References 78</p> <p><b>5 Climate Change Impact Analysis for the Environmental Engineer 83<br /></b><i>Panshu Zhao, John R. Giardino, and Kevin R. Gamache</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 83</p> <p>5.2 Earth System’s Critical Zone 84</p> <p>5.3 Perception,Risk, and Hazard 87</p> <p>5.4 Climatology Methods 94</p> <p>5.5 Geomorphometry:The Best Approach for Impact Analysis 99 <br /><br />References 114</p> <p><b>6 Adaptation Design to Sea Level Rise 119<br /></b><i>Mujde Erten‐Unal and Mason Andrews</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction: Sea Level Rise 119</p> <p>6.2 Existing Structures and Adaptation Design to Sea Level Rise 120</p> <p>6.3 Case Studies Reflecting Adaptation Design Solutions 124</p> <p>Notes 135</p> <p>References 135</p> <p><b>7 Soil Physical Properties and Processes 137<br /></b><i>Morteza Sadeghi, Ebrahim Babaeian, Emmanuel Arthur, Scott B. Jones, and Markus Tuller</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 137</p> <p>7.2 Basic Properties of Soils 137</p> <p>7.3 Water Flow in Soils 158</p> <p>7.4 Solute Transport 173</p> <p>7.5 Soil Temperature, Thermal Properties, and Heat Flow 182</p> <p>7.6 Summary 194</p> <p>Acknowledgments 194</p> <p>Abbreviations 194</p> <p>Physical Constants and Variables 195</p> <p>References 198</p> <p><b>8 In Situ Soil and Sediment Remediation: Electrokinetic and Electrochemical Methods 209<br /></b><i>Sibel Pamukcu</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction and Background 209</p> <p>8.2 Overview and Theory of Direct Electric Current in Soil and Sediment Remediation 211</p> <p>8.3 Electrokinetically and Electrochemically Aided Soil and Sediment Remediation 222</p> <p>8.4 Summary and Conclusions 239</p> <p>References 240</p> <p><b>9 Remote Sensing of Environmental Variables and Fluxes 249<br /></b><i>Morteza Sadeghi, Ebrahim Babaeian, Ardeshir M. Ebtehaj, Scott B. Jones, and Markus Tuller</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 249</p> <p>9.2 RadiativeTransfer Theory 249</p> <p>9.3 RS Technology 255</p> <p>9.4 RS of Static Soil Properties 263</p> <p>9.5 RS of State Variables 269</p> <p>9.6 RS of Environmental Fluxes 282</p> <p>9.7 Summary 287</p> <p>Acknowledgments 288</p> <p>Abbreviations 288</p> <p>Physical Constants and Variables 289</p> <p>References 290</p> <p><b>10 Environmental Fluid Mechanics 303<br /></b><i>Nigel B. Kaye, Abdul A. Khan, and Firat Y. Testik</i></p> <p>10.1 Open‐ Channel Flow 303</p> <p>10.2 Surface Waves 308</p> <p>10.3 Groundwater Flow 310</p> <p>10.4 Advection and Diffusion 313</p> <p>10.5 Turbulent Jets 318</p> <p>10.6 Turbulent Buoyant Plumes 320</p> <p>10.7 Gravity Currents 326</p> <p>References 329</p> <p><b>11 Water Quality 333<br /></b><i>Steven C. Chapra</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 333</p> <p>11.2 Historical Background 334</p> <p>11.3 Overview of Modern Water Quality 336</p> <p>11.4 Natural or “Conventional” Water Quality Problems 339</p> <p>11.5 Toxic Substances 345</p> <p>11.6 Emerging Water Pollutants 348</p> <p>11.7 Back to the Future 348</p> <p>Note 349</p> <p>References 349</p> <p><b>12 Wastewater Engineering 351<br /></b><i>Say Kee Ong</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 351</p> <p>12.2 Wastewater Characteristics and Treatment Requirements 351</p> <p>12.3 Treatment Technologies 355</p> <p>12.4 Summary 371</p> <p>References 371</p> <p><b>13 Wastewater Recycling 375<br /></b><i>Judith L. Sims and Kirsten M. Sims</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 375</p> <p>13.2 Uses of Reclaimed Wastewater 376</p> <p>13.3 Reliability Requirements for Wastewater Reclamation and Recycling Systems 414</p> <p>13.4 Planning and Funding for Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse 416</p> <p>13.5 Legal and Regulatory Issues 416</p> <p>13.6 Public Involvement and Participation 418</p> <p>13.7 Additional Considerations for Wastewater Recycling and Reclamation: Integrated Resource Recovery 418</p> <p>13.8 Additional Sources of Information 423</p> <p>References 423</p> <p><b>14 Design of Porous Pavements for Improved Water Quality and Reduced Runoff 425<br /></b><i>Will Martin, Milani Sumanasooriya, Nigel B. Kaye, and Brad Putman</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 425</p> <p>14.2 Benefits 428</p> <p>14.3 Hydraulic Characterization 430</p> <p>14.4 Hydraulic and Hydrologic Behavior 435</p> <p>14.5 Design, Construction, and Maintenance 442</p> <p>References 448</p> <p><b>15 Air Pollution Control Engineering 453<br /></b><i>Kumar Ganesan and Louis Theodore</i></p> <p>15.1 Overview of Air Quality 453</p> <p>15.2 Emissions of Particulates 453</p> <p>15.3 Control of Particulates 459</p> <p>15.4 Control of Gaseous Compounds 476</p> <p>Acknowledgment 491</p> <p>References 491</p> <p>Further Reading 491</p> <p><b>16 Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Measurement 493<br /></b><i>Christian M. Carrico</i></p> <p>16.1 Overview of Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere 493</p> <p>16.2 History and Regulation 493</p> <p>16.3 Particle Concentration Measurements 494</p> <p>16.4 Measuring Particle Sizing Characteristics 497</p> <p>16.5 Ambient Aerosol Particle Size Distribution Measurements 498</p> <p>16.6 Aerosol Measurements: Sampling Concerns 501</p> <p>16.7 Aerosol Formation and Aging Processes 501</p> <p>16.8 Aerosol Optical Properties: Impacts on Visibility and Climate 502</p> <p>16.9 Measurements of Aerosol Optical Properties 505</p> <p>16.10 Aerosol Chemical Composition 506</p> <p>16.11 Aerosol Hygroscopicity 509</p> <p>16.12 Aerosols,Meteorology, and Climate 511</p> <p>16.13 Aerosol Emission Control Technology 513</p> <p>16.14 Summary and Conclusion 515</p> <p>References 515</p> <p><b>17 Indoor Air Pollution 519<br /></b><i>Shelly L. Miller</i></p> <p>17.1 Introduction 519</p> <p>17.2 Completely Mixed Flow Reactor Model 522</p> <p>17.3 Deposition Velocity 524</p> <p>17.4 Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation 526</p> <p>17.5 Filtration of Particles and Gases 528</p> <p>17.6 Ventilation and Infiltration 532</p> <p>17.7 Ventilation Measurements 536</p> <p>17.8 Thermal Comfort and Psychrometrics 539</p> <p>17.9 Energy Efficiency Retrofits 541</p> <p>17.10 Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution 542</p> <p>17.11 Radon Overview 546</p> <p>17.12 Sources of Indoor Radon 548</p> <p>17.13 Controlling Indoor Radon 550</p> <p>17.14 Particles in Indoor Air 551</p> <p>17.15 Bioaerosols 553</p> <p>17.16 Volatile Organic Compounds 555</p> <p>17.17 VOC Surface Interactions 556</p> <p>17.18 Emissions Characterization 557</p> <p>17.19 Odors 559</p> <p>Acknowledgments 560</p> <p>Note 560</p> <p>References 560</p> <p><b>18 Environmental Noise Pollution 565<br /></b><i>Sharad Gokhale</i></p> <p>18.1 Introduction 565</p> <p>18.2 Environmental Noise 565</p> <p>18.3 Effects on Human Health and Environment 566</p> <p>18.4 Sound Propagation in Environment 567</p> <p>18.5 Characteristics of Sound 569</p> <p>18.6 Relationship between Characteristics 570</p> <p>18.7 Environmental Noise Levels 573</p> <p>18.8 Measurement and Analysis of Ambient Noise 574</p> <p>18.9 Environmental Noise Management 579</p> <p>Note 580</p> <p>References 581</p> <p><b>19 Hazardous Waste Management 583<br /></b><i>Clayton J. Clark II and Stephanie Luster‐Teasley</i></p> <p>19.1 Fundamentals 583</p> <p>19.2 Legal Framework 585</p> <p>19.3 Fate and Transport 591</p> <p>19.4 Toxicology 593</p> <p>19.5 Environmental Audits 594</p> <p>19.6 General Overall Site Remediation Procedure 596</p> <p>References 598</p> <p><b>20 Waste Minimization and Reuse Technologies 599<br /></b><i>Bora Cetin and Lin Li</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction 599</p> <p>20.2 Type of Recycled Waste Materials 599</p> <p>20.3 Recycling Applications of Fly Ash and Recycled Concrete Aggregates 601</p> <p>20.4 Benefit of Recycling Materials Usage 621</p> <p>20.5 Conclusions 621</p> <p>References 623</p> <p><b>21 Solid Waste Separation and Processing: Principles and Equipment 627<br /></b><i>Georgios N. Anastassakis</i></p> <p>21.1 Introduction 627</p> <p>21.2 Size (or Volume) Reduction of Solid Waste 629</p> <p>21.3 Size Separation 636</p> <p>21.4 Manual‐/Sensor‐Based Sorting 638</p> <p>21.5 Density (or Gravity) Separation 649</p> <p>21.6 Magnetic/Electrostatic Separation 653</p> <p>21.7 Ballistic Separation 660</p> <p>21.8 Froth Flotation 661</p> <p>21.9 Products Agglomeration (Cubing and Pelletizing) 661</p> <p>21.10 Compaction (Baling) 663</p> <p>21.11 Benefits and Prospects of Recycling 666</p> <p>References 669</p> <p><b>22 Waste Reduction in Metals Manufacturing 673<br /></b><i>Carl C. Nesbitt</i></p> <p>22.1 Wastes at the Mine Sites 674</p> <p>22.2 Chemical Metallurgy Wastes 678</p> <p>22.3 Conclusions 686</p> <p>Reference 686</p> <p>Further Reading 687</p> <p><b>23 Waste Reduction and Pollution Prevention for the Chemicals Industry: Methodologies, Economics,</b><b>and Multiscale Modeling Approaches 689<br /></b><i>Cheng Seong Khor, Chandra Mouli R. Madhuranthakam, and Ali Elkamel</i></p> <p>23.1 Introduction 689</p> <p>23.2 Development of Pollution Prevention Programs 691</p> <p>23.3 Economics of Pollution Prevention 698</p> <p>23.4 Survey of Tools, Technologies, and Best Practices for Pollution Prevention 699</p> <p>23.5 Concluding</p> <p>Remarks 707</p> <p>References 707</p> <p><b>24 Industrial Waste Auditing 709<br /></b><i>C. Visvanathan</i></p> <p>24.1 Overview 709</p> <p>24.2 Waste Minimization Programs 710</p> <p>24.3 Waste Minimization Cycle 711</p> <p>24.4 Waste Auditing 712</p> <p>24.5 Phase I: Preparatory Works for Waste Audit 712</p> <p>24.6 Phase II: Preassessment of Target Processes 717</p> <p>24.7 Phase III: Assessment 719</p> <p>24.8 Phase IV: Synthesis and Preliminary Analysis 722</p> <p>24.9 Conclusion 724</p> <p>Suggested Reading 729</p> <p>Index 731</p>
<p><b>MYER KUTZ</b> is the head of Myer Kutz Associates, Inc. For the past several years, he has focused on developing engineering handbooks and encyclopedias on a wide range of technical topics. Earlier, his firm supplied consulting services to a large client roster, including Fortune 500 companies, scientific societies, and large and small publishers.
<p><b>A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE FOR BOTH FUNDAMENTALS AND REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING</b> <p>Written by noted experts, <i>Handbook of Environmental Engineering</i> offers a comprehensive guide to environmental engineers who desire to contribute to mitigating problems, such as flooding, caused by extreme weather events, protecting populations in coastal areas threatened by rising sea levels, reducing illnesses caused by polluted air, soil, and water from improperly regulated industrial and transportation activities, promoting the safety of the food supply. <p>Contributors not only cover such timely environmental topics related to soils, water, and air, minimizing pollution created by industrial plants and processes, and managing wastewater, hazardous, solid, and other industrial wastes, but also treat such vital topics as porous pavement design, aerosol measurements, noise pollution control, and industrial waste auditing. This important handbook: <ul> <li>Enables environmental engineers to treat problems in systematic ways</li> <li>Discusses climate issues in ways useful for environmental engineers</li> <li>Covers up-to-date measurement techniques important in environmental engineering</li> <li>Reviews current developments in environmental law for environmental engineers</li> <li>Includes information on water quality and wastewater engineering</li> <li>Informs environmental engineers about methods of dealing with industrial and municipal waste, including hazardous waste</li> </ul> <p>Designed for use by practitioners, students, and researchers, <i>Handbook of Environmental Engineering</i> contains the most recent information to enable a clear understanding of major environmental issues.

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