Details

Foreign Exchange Operations

Master Trading Agreements, Settlement, and Collateral
Wiley Finance, Band 642 1. Aufl.

von: David F. DeRosa
67,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley
Format:	PDF
Veröffentl.:	07.10.2013
ISBN/EAN:	9781118418390
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	416

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Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

The ultimate nuts-and-bolts guide to foreign exchange operations The foreign exchange landscape is particularly risky since so much of the world is unregulated and takes place over the counter (off exchange). Brilliant traders and money managers who are profitable may find themselves underperforming, or worse, losing, simply because they failed to establish strong operations. In this book, David DeRosa provides industry players with everything they need for strong operational functions from all the types of trades to execution, master trading agreements, documentation, settlement, margin and collateral, and prime brokerage services. <ul> <li>Contains vital work flow solutions for trading in the volatile foreign exchange marketplace</li> <li>Offers information for mastering the operational aspect of foreign exchange trading to help determine best partners such as prime brokers and others</li> <li>Written by David DeRosa a leading foreign exchange expert who has consulted to hundreds of financial institutions</li> </ul> Foreign Exchange Operations helps traders mitigate risks and offers a guide to all aspects of trading operations from mastering trading agreements to margin documentation.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface xi Acknowledgments xv CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Foreign Exchange 1 Defining Money 1 Participants in the Foreign Exchange Market 2 Identifying Currencies and Exchange Rates 4 Quotation Conventions 5 The Foreign Exchange Market 6 Foreign Exchange Regimes 11 Exchange Rate Controls 12 The Structure of the Foreign Exchange Market 12 Banks’ Identification Codes 13 The Authorities 15 Spot Foreign Exchange Deals 17 Profit and Loss on a Simple Trade 18 Value Dates 19 Forward Foreign Exchange and Covered Interest Parity 20 Forward Swaps 21 Non-Deliverable Forwards 22 Summary 22 Appendix 1.1: ISO Currency Codes 23 References 34 CHAPTER 2 Options on Foreign Exchange 35 Option Basics 35 Put–Call Parity 37 The Importance of Option Models 39 Risk Parameters 41 The Minor Greeks 44 More on Delta 45 Portfolios of Options 50 American Exercise Models 51 Volatility 52 Important Option Strategies 55 Option Market Making 56 Non-Deliverable Options 56 Barrier Options 58 Binary Options 65 Barrier Determination Agency 69 Other Exotic Options 70 More on Option-Related Risks 70 Summary 72 Appendix 2.1: Further Comments on Put–Call Parity 72 Appendix 2.2: Black-Scholes-Merton Model 74 Appendix 2.3: Barrier and Binary Options 75 References 78 CHAPTER 3 How Trades are Executed and Confirmed 81 Spot Foreign Exchange Deals 83 Forward Outright Deals 83 Forward Swap Deals 85 Option Trades 87 How Foreign Exchange Trades are Executed 88 Concentration in Market Making 89 Example of an Electronic Trading Platform: FXall 92 Trade Documentation Cycle 97 Internal Operations and Reports for Dealers 141 Summary 159 Appendix 3.1: Transactions at Daily Fixings 160 References 160 CHAPTER 4 Foreign Exchange Settlement 161 Settlement Instructions for an Individual Spot Foreign Exchange Deal 161 Overview of the Settlement Process 170 The Bretton Woods-Smithsonian Period 171 The Herstatt Legacy 172 Settlement Risk 173 Netting 176 How the Modern Settlement Systems Developed 181 Large-Value Transfers 186 Central Bank Involvement 186 Correspondent Banking 187 Payment Systems 187 Designated-Time Net Settlement (DTNS) 189 Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) 189 Examples of Modern Payment Systems 192 CLS Bank International 203 Internal Controls 208 Summary 209 References 209 CHAPTER 5 Master Agreements 211 Motivation 212 The Architecture 214 The FXC Master Agreement Forms 215 The ISDA Master Agreement Forms 215 Single Agreement 217 Non-Reliance: Parties to Rely on Their Own Expertise 219 Netting: Payment or Settlement Netting and Novation Netting 220 Events of Default 221 Termination Events 228 Additional Termination Events 230 Close-Out Netting 231 Safe Harbors 232 Early Termination 233 Payments Upon Termination and Close-Out Amounts 234 Close-Out Amount: 2002 ISDA 236 Set-Off Provisions 241 Special Features for Options: ICOM and FEOMA 241 Special Features for Non-Deliverable Forwards 242 Miscellaneous Issues 242 More on Deeds of Adherence and Schedules 245 Summary 245 Appendix 5.1: IFXCO Terms 246 Appendix 5.2: IFXCO Adherence Agreement 275 References 281 CHAPTER 6 Margin and Collateral 283 Credit Agreements 283 Framework for the ISDA Credit Support Deed and the FXC Collateral Annex 285 Framework for the ISDA Credit Support Annexes 293 Enforcement Rights of the Secured Party 294 Some Additional Features Commonly Found in Credit Support Documents 296 The Value-at-Risk Concept 297 VaR for Spot, Forward, and Vanilla Options 298 Portfolio Value-at-Risk 305 Sample Customer Credit Snapshot 310 Limitations of VaR 310 Limitations of Collateralized Agreements 313 Summary 313 Appendix 6.1: The 1999 Collateral Annex to FEOMA, IFEMA, or ICOM Master Agreement 314 References 337 CHAPTER 7 Foreign Exchange Prime Brokerage 339 Overview of FX Prime Brokerage 339 Pros and Cons of FX Prime Brokerage 341 Execution and Confirmation in an FX Prime Brokerage Environment 343 The Legal Architecture of FX Prime Brokerage 345 The FX Prime Broker and the Executing Dealer 346 The Master FX Give-up Agreement 346 Other Elements of the Master FX Give-up Agreement 354 The FX Prime Broker and the Designated Party 359 The Executing Dealer and the Designated Party 366 Reverse Give-Up Relationships 366 Summary 368 Appendix 7.1: Master FX Give-Up Agreement 369 Appendix 7.2: Compensation Agreement 384 References 388 About the Author 389 Index 391

Autorenportrait

David F. DeRosa is President of DeRosa Research and Trading, Inc., a firm that conducts research into derivatives pricing, macroeconomics, monetary policy, and foreign exchange. He is an adjunct associate professor of finance at the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University where he teaches courses in pricing models in financial engineering. David sits on the boards of several prominent hedge fund groups. He is the author of many books including Options on Foreign Exchange (Wiley), Central Banking and Monetary Policy in Emerging-Markets Nations, and In Defense of Free Capital Markets. David received his PhD in finance and economics from the Graduate School of Business of The University of Chicago, and his BA in economics from the College of The University of Chicago. Before founding DeRosa Research, he worked on Wall Street as a foreign exchange trader, hedge fund trader, and portfolio manager.

Back cover copy

The volumes traded on the international foreign exchange market are huge, exceeding $4 trillion daily, far surpassing those of all other portions of the international capital market. Yet there is surprisingly little written to help professionals who want to learn about foreign exchange and to gain proficiency in the mechanics of trading in this important market. Even less has been written to explain the mechanics of foreign exchange operations, how money flows, and how the settlement process works. Traders, operations personnel, hedge fund managers, investment bankers, financial managers, attorneys, and financial regulators will all find this volume indispensable for understanding what happens behind the scenes between the execution of a trade and its settlement. David DeRosa, a veteran of financial markets, explains how the foreign exchange market conducts trading and operations. He addresses the practical considerations of how market participants contract with one another to do trading and operations, conduct margin and credit, and undertake foreign exchange prime brokerage services. DeRosa’s work is immensely practical. Understanding the operations process helps control costs, minimize errors, and to some extent preclude fraud. DeRosa’s explanation of operational conventions and their development also reveals the story of how the foreign exchange market grew and developed over the last four decades: a largely ignored but important corner of financial history. Foreign Exchange Operations walks the reader through all practical aspects of foreign exchange operations, from trade execution to documentation to trade confirmation. It focuses on the processes by which foreign exchange trades are settled using real time gross settlement systems. The later chapters focus on the legal and financial superstructure of the market, including master agreements, margin and collateral practices, and foreign exchange prime brokerage. DeRosa provides concrete examples to illustrate market practice, including more than 100 exhibits that contain real-world examples of trades, confirmations, settlement instructions, and other key documents. Some of the main topics include: <ul><li>The structure of the foreign exchange market </li> <li>Quotation and trading conventions </li> <li>Currencies, exchange rates, and exchange rate controls</li> <li>Foreign exchange deals, including spot, forward, and non-deliverable forwards </li> <li>Foreign currency options, both vanilla and exotic options</li> <li>How foreign exchange trades are executed and confirmed</li> <li>Trade settlements, including payment systems, DTNS, RTGS, and CLS Bank</li> <li>Master agreements—the primary contracts that bind counterparties </li> <li>Uses of credit, margin, and collateral in foreign exchange trading</li> <li>Foreign exchange prime brokerage</li></ul>