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<p>Foreword ix</p> <p>Introduction xiii</p> <p><b>Chapter 1. Environmental Innovation: A Controversial Doctrine 1</b></p> <p>1.1. Progressive conceptualization of “environmental innovation”: a journey back through 40 years of controversies 3</p> <p>1.1.1. Environmental concerns and innovations: the first proposals of economic theory during the 1970s 4</p> <p>1.1.2. Involvement in environmental technologies and green growth in the 1980s 13</p> <p>1.1.3. Diverse theoretical appropriations of the concept by economic sciences from the 1990s onwards 18</p> <p>1.1.4. Conceptual beginnings and an existential crisis in environmental innovations during the 2000s 24</p> <p>1.2. Critical analysis of the typology of environmental innovations 33</p> <p>1.2.1. Degrees of change of environmental innovation 34</p> <p>1.2.2. “End-of-pipe” technologies: a limited palliative approach to conservation of the environment? 36</p> <p>1.2.3. Clean technologies, a preventive, radical and modular approach 39</p> <p>1.2.4. The circular economy: Another form of systemic environmental innovation 42</p> <p>1.2.5. The quest for eco-efficiency, an objective based on a productivist approach 50</p> <p>1.3. Drivers of environmental innovation in the face of institutional tensions 55</p> <p>1.3.1. Modifying the dominant design, thanks to transition management theory 56</p> <p>1.3.2. Moving towards a specificity of technological trajectories of environmental innovations? 59</p> <p>1.3.3. Creation of technical conventions promoting conservation of the environment 64</p> <p>1.3.4. The rebound effect, the forgotten impacts and macrosystemic crises 70</p> <p>1.4. Conclusion 76</p> <p><b>Chapter 2. Ecodesign and Technological Change: A Missed Opportunity? 79</b></p> <p>2.1. Ecodesign and the dispute over methods 80</p> <p>2.1.1. Ecodesign during the 1970s, the metronome of a new mode of development 81</p> <p>2.1.2. First theorization and confrontation with reality during the course of the 1980s 85</p> <p>2.1.3. Birth of sustainable development and a rocky start for industrialists 86</p> <p>2.1.4. The limited effects of an “open” ecodesign philosophy 88</p> <p>2.2. The main determining factors of ecodesign 96</p> <p>2.2.1. Integration of the environment: the end result of total quality management 96</p> <p>2.2.2. Towards environmental declarations about products 104</p> <p>2.2.3. A multitude of tools to encourage ecodesign 106</p> <p>2.3. Product life cycle analysis: a limited tool for decision-making in the face of complexity 107</p> <p>2.3.1. Towards supremacy of the life cycle analysis 108</p> <p>2.3.2. Product life cycle analysis: a tool weakened by complexity 113</p> <p>2.4. Ecodesign confronted with environmental and economic problems 116</p> <p>2.4.1. The different concepts of the environment, a multi-dimensional and complex notion 117</p> <p>2.4.2. The environment from the perspective of Boltanski and Thévenot’s “worlds” 118</p> <p>2.4.3. Towards a “tragedy of change”? 121</p> <p>2.5. Conclusion 126</p> <p>Conclusion 129</p> <p>Appendix 133</p> <p>Bibliography 143</p> <p>Index 165</p>

<p><b>Romain Debref</b>, Laboratoire REGARDS, France.</p>

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