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<p>Foreword xiii</p> <p>Preface xv</p> <p>General Introduction xvii</p> <p><b>Part 1 Definitions, Motivations and Typology of Discourse Readjustment Phenomena 1</b></p> <p>Introduction to Part 1 3</p> <p><b>Chapter 1 Definitions: Mutual Intelligibility, Adjustment,Readjustment and Intersubjectivity 5</b></p> <p>1.1 Preliminary reminders: language activity, language as a specific system, discourse and the role of subjectivity 5</p> <p>1.2 Mutual intelligibility, adjustment, readjustment 7</p> <p>1.3 Exploring the starting point: adjustment in TEO by Antoine Culioli 10</p> <p>1.4 Delimiting adjustment and the importance of the concept of readjustment 13</p> <p>1.5 The notion of intersubjectivity: when philosophy and linguistics meet 16</p> <p>1.6 Intrasubjectivity or the question of harmony between thought and speech 18</p> <p>1.7 Conclusion 20</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 Motivations Underpinning the Phenomena of Readjustment 23</b></p> <p>2.1 Phenomena linked to denotation 24</p> <p>2.1.1 Polysemy 24</p> <p>2.1.2 Homonymy 26</p> <p>2.1.3 Vagueness 26</p> <p>2.2 Phenomena linked to questions of reference 28</p> <p>2.2.1 Cases of fluctuating reference 28</p> <p>2.2.2 Derived speech acts and their effects in discourse 29</p> <p>2.2.3 Ambiguous utterances 30</p> <p>2.2.4 Problems of linguistic non-coincidences 33</p> <p>2.3 Questions linked to implicit messages 33</p> <p>2.3.1 Connotations 33</p> <p>2.3.2 Presupposed and implied messages 35</p> <p>2.4 Phenomena of play on/with language 36</p> <p>2.4.1 Metaphors 36</p> <p>2.4.2 Euphemisms 38</p> <p>2.4.3 Irony 38</p> <p>2.5 Conclusion 40</p> <p><b>Chapter 3 Typology of Readjustments 41</b></p> <p>3.1 Intra- and intersubjective readjustments: concrete manifestations 41</p> <p>3.1.1 Strictly intersubjective readjustments: focusing 41</p> <p>3.1.2 Intrasubjective readjustments: characterization 43</p> <p>3.2 Different degrees of reflexive view 44</p> <p>3.3 Readjustments on the microstructural and macrostructural level 47</p> <p>3.4 Readjustments to express oneself better, more correctly,or to change point of view 48</p> <p>3.5 Readjustments invalidating more or less the initial commitment? 50</p> <p>3.6 Conclusion 51</p> <p>Conclusion to Part 1 53</p> <p><b>Part 2 Reformulations: Readjustments to Express </b><b>Oneself More Accurately? 55</b></p> <p>Introduction to Part 2 57</p> <p><b>Chapter 4 The Function of Reformulations in the Framework of Language Activity and Discourse 59</b></p> <p>4.1 Reformulations and reflexive view 59</p> <p>4.2 Discourse progression and the pragmatic value of reformulations 62</p> <p>4.3 Reformulations, verbal interactions and textual organization 64</p> <p>4.4 Readjustments with varied modalities 65</p> <p>4.4.1 Immediate or deferred reformulations? 66</p> <p>4.4.2 Self- or hetero-reformulations? 67</p> <p>4.4.3 Total or partial reformulations 68</p> <p>4.5 Configurations and associated discursive strategies 69</p> <p>4.5.1 Cases of “intersubjective readjustments” 69</p> <p>4.5.2 Cases of “intrasubjective” readjustments 71</p> <p>4.6 Conclusion 73</p> <p><b>Chapter 5 The Notion of Reformulation and its Linguistic Manifestations 75</b></p> <p>5.1 What link is there between segments, in a reformulation? 75</p> <p>5.1.1 Paraphrase, or absence of explicit link 76</p> <p>5.1.2 Paraphrastic reformulation: when the equivalence is made explicit 77</p> <p>5.1.3 Non-paraphrastic reformulation, or re-elaboration of content 78</p> <p>5.2 How is an operation of reformulation identified? 79</p> <p>5.2.1 The case of paraphrastic reformulations 80</p> <p>5.2.2 The case of non-paraphrastic reformulations 82</p> <p>5.3 Conclusion 86</p> <p><b>Chapter 6 Paraphrastic or Non-paraphrastic Reformulations: Prototypical Introducers and Associated</b> <b>Strategies 89</b></p> <p>6.1 Study of prototypical paraphrastic readjustments: the case of in other words 89</p> <p>6.1.1 Overall function of the fixed phrase 89</p> <p>6.1.2 Narrow or wide readjustments 92</p> <p>6.1.3 Readjustment and change in discursive level 94</p> <p>6.1.4 High compatibility with the change of voice 96</p> <p>6.2 Study of emblematic non-paraphrastic readjustments: the case of or rather 99</p> <p>6.2.1 A meta-enunciative dimension 99</p> <p>6.2.2 Different facets of the readjustment at work 101</p> <p>6.2.3 Strategies and stylistic play linked to such readjustments 104</p> <p>6.3 Conclusion 107</p> <p>Conclusion to Part 2 109</p> <p><b>Part 3 Phenomena of Re-examination: Readjustments to Perfect One’s Stance? 111</b></p> <p>Introduction to Part 3 113</p> <p><b>Chapter 7 Recentering: In fact and Competing Markers 115</b></p> <p>7.1 Examination of “(re)centering” as a metaterm 115</p> <p>7.2 Questions relating to the sequence in fact 116</p> <p>7.3 Closeness and distance relating to reformulation 118</p> <p>7.4 The adverbial use and the connector 121</p> <p>7.4.1 The adverbial use 121</p> <p>7.4.2 The connector 122</p> <p>7.5 The meaning effects associated with the fixed phrase 125</p> <p>7.5.1 The reconsideration associated with the adverb 125</p> <p>7.5.2 The connector and the effect of rectification 126</p> <p>7.5.3 The connector introducing an upgrading process 128</p> <p>7.5.4 The explicitation effect associated with the connector 129</p> <p>7.5.5 Connection and summarizing 130</p> <p>7.6 What type of readjustment underpins these effects? 132</p> <p>7.7 Semantically close sequences or markers 134</p> <p>7.8 Conclusion 136</p> <p><b>Chapter 8 Upgrading and Downgrading: the Cases of Or even and Or at least 139</b></p> <p>8.1 Examining notions of upgrading and downgrading 139</p> <p>8.2 Questions relating to the sequences or even and or at least 141</p> <p>8.3 Modus operandi of these sequences 142</p> <p>8.3.1 Semantico-pragmatic instructions at work 142</p> <p>8.3.2 Conditions enabling readjustment and therefore predictability 145</p> <p>8.4 The role of the different markers in these sequences 148</p> <p>8.4.1 Crucial role of the conjunction or 148</p> <p>8.4.2 Value of even and at least 150</p> <p>8.5 Interpretative mechanisms and representation of readjustments at work 152</p> <p>8.6 Possible discursive and rhetorical effects 154</p> <p>8.7 Conclusion 157</p> <p><b>Chapter 9 Potential Upgrading: the Sequence If not 159</b></p> <p>9.1 Configurations enabling the readjustment to emerge 160</p> <p>9.2 Components at play in this potential upgrading process 162</p> <p>9.2.1 The components’ respective contribution 162</p> <p>9.2.2 Interaction of these markers 164</p> <p>9.3 Discursive and pragmatic effects linked to using such readjustments 165</p> <p>9.4 Conclusion 170</p> <p>Conclusion to Part 3 171</p> <p><b>Part 4 Distancing Processes: Readjustments for Changing Viewpoint? 173</b></p> <p>Introduction to Part 4 175</p> <p><b>Chapter 10 Abandoning a First Enunciative Perspective: Examination of Anyway 177</b></p> <p>10.1 Status of the marker anyway and questions raised 177</p> <p>10.2 Overview of the different configurations of use 178</p> <p>10.3 Principal hypotheses and putting into perspective 180</p> <p>10.4 Typology of the uses of anyway 182</p> <p>10.4.1 Distancing processes relating to an implicature 182</p> <p>10.4.2 Distancing relating to a part of the propositional content 183</p> <p>10.4.3 Distancing in relation to the status of a segment 184</p> <p>10.4.4 Distancing in relation to an approached subject 184</p> <p>10.4.5 Distancing in relation to the very act of communication 185</p> <p>10.5 A specific readjustment: abandoning a perspective 186</p> <p>10.6 Remarks on relating fixed phrases 187</p> <p>10.7 Conclusion 189</p> <p><b>Chapter 11 Disconnection and Renewed Stance: the Case of the Marker Now 191</b></p> <p>11.1 Status of the marker now 191</p> <p>11.2 Exploring the mechanisms in greater detail 192</p> <p>11.2.1 The temporal use: interpretative adjustment and marking boundaries 193</p> <p>11.2.2 The discursive use: a readjustment to be contextualized 195</p> <p>11.3 The fundamental value of now and the conditions for readjustment to emerge 198</p> <p>11.4 Conclusion 199</p> <p><b>Chapter 12 The Fixed Phrase After all, or Reconsidering a Viewpoint 201</b></p> <p>12.1 First characterization of after all and questioning 201</p> <p>12.2 Reconsidering a point of view: manifestations 205</p> <p>12.3 Which viewpoint is brought into question? 208</p> <p>12.4 Configurations using after all and sequencing types 210</p> <p>12.5 The fundamental value of after all: readjustment, in terms of enunciative perspective 214</p> <p>12.6 Conclusion 216</p> <p>Conclusion to Part 4 217</p> <p><b>Part 5 Inserted Segments: Readjustments for Playing with Language? 219</b></p> <p>Introduction to Part 5 221</p> <p><b>Chapter 13 The Use of Metalinguistic Expressions: Readjustments With Rhetorical Aim 223</b></p> <p>13.1 Questions raised by these expressions 223</p> <p>13.2 First characterization 224</p> <p>13.2.1 The metalinguistic dimension 224</p> <p>13.2.2 A reflexive view centered on an element 225</p> <p>13.3 Locating the target element 227</p> <p>13.4 The mechanisms at play in readjustment 230</p> <p>13.4.1 Partial opacification of the target element 230</p> <p>13.4.2 The nature of the readjustment at work 231</p> <p>13.5 Conclusion 236</p> <p><b>Chapter 14 Readjustments in Parenthetical Form 239</b></p> <p>14.1 Syntactical and enunciative characterization 239</p> <p>14.2 Parameters that trigger the identification of readjustment 243</p> <p>14.3 Discursive and pragmatic function of such readjustments 245</p> <p>14.4 The difference between parentheses and dashes 249</p> <p>14.5 The different types of non-coincidences motivating these readjustments 251</p> <p>14.6 Conclusion 253</p> <p><b>Chapter 15 Dialogical Readjustments: Structures in It is not that… 255</b></p> <p>15.1 First approach and questioning 255</p> <p>15.2 Syntactic characteristics of the construction 257</p> <p>15.3 The value of the markers, the construction and its variants 262</p> <p>15.4 Between the content and the wording: the nature of the readjustment at work 265</p> <p>15.5 A dialogical readjustment 269</p> <p>15.6 Conclusion 270</p> <p>Conclusion to Part 5 273</p> <p><b>Part 6 Readjustments Characteristic of Oral Discourse: Phenomena of Co-enunciative (Re)Structuring?</b> <b>275</b></p> <p>Introduction to Part 6 277</p> <p><b>Chapter 16 The Sequence I mean: From “Gap Filler” to Readjustment Marker 281</b></p> <p>16.1 Intended meaning and related issues 281</p> <p>16.2 Types of use and interpretations 283</p> <p>16.3 Self-interpretation and structuring 288</p> <p>16.3.1 Macro-readjustments and organizing information 288</p> <p>16.3.2 Micro-readjustments 290</p> <p>16.4 Conclusion 292</p> <p><b>Chapter 17 Readjustments Calling on the Co-enunciator: You know and You see 295</b></p> <p>17.1 Compatibility with introducing readjustments 295</p> <p>17.2 Detachment and meta-enunciative status 298</p> <p>17.3 Different types of use and specificities of these readjustments 301</p> <p>17.3.1 Uses outside the readjustment framework 301</p> <p>17.3.2 Uses within the readjustment framework 303</p> <p>17.4 Interpersonal dimension and enunciative construction in process 307</p> <p>17.5 Conclusion 311</p> <p><b>Chapter 18 Expectations of the Co-enunciator: the Use of Mind you 313</b></p> <p>18.1 Observation of host configurations 313</p> <p>18.2 Argumentative contexts linked to using the fixed phrase 316</p> <p>18.2.1 Concessive anti-oriented linking 317</p> <p>18.2.2 Refutative anti-oriented linking 317</p> <p>18.2.3 Co-oriented linking 318</p> <p>18.3 What fundamental value for mind you? 319</p> <p>18.4 Parameters explaining the type of readjustment at work 323</p> <p>18.5 Conclusion 325</p> <p>Conclusion to Part 6 327</p> <p>General Conclusion 329</p> <p>Bibliography 335</p> <p>Index 349</p>

<strong>Blandine Pennec</strong>, Toulouse II University, France.

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