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<p><i>Introduction xxiii</i></p> <p><b>Chapter 1 Understanding Cloud Characteristics 1</b></p> <p>Basic Terms and Characteristics 2</p> <p>Elasticity 2</p> <p>On-Demand Self-service/JIT 3</p> <p>Templating 4</p> <p>Pay as You Grow 6</p> <p>Pay-as-You-Grow Theory vs. Practice 7</p> <p>Chargeback 8</p> <p>Ubiquitous Access 9</p> <p>Metering Resource Pooling 10</p> <p>Multitenancy 11</p> <p>Cloud Bursting 13</p> <p>Rapid Deployment 14</p> <p>Object Storage Concepts 16</p> <p>File-Based Data Storage 16</p> <p>Object Storage 18</p> <p>Structured vs. Unstructured Data 18</p> <p>REST APIs 19</p> <p>Summary 25</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 26</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 To Grasp the Cloud—Fundamental Concepts 27</b></p> <p>The True Nature of the Cloud 28</p> <p>Elastic 29</p> <p>Massive 29</p> <p>On Demand 29</p> <p>Virtualized 30</p> <p>Secure 30</p> <p>Always Available 30</p> <p>Virtualization and Scalability 31</p> <p>The True Definer of Cloud Computing 32</p> <p>Serving the Whole World 32</p> <p>The Cloud Hypervisor 33</p> <p>Type 1 and Type 2 33</p> <p>Use Cases and Examples 34</p> <p>Benefits of Hypervisors 35</p> <p>Hypervisor Security Concerns 35</p> <p>Proprietary vs. Open Source 36</p> <p>Moore’s Law, Increasing Performance, and Decreasing Enterprise Usage 36</p> <p>Xen Cloud Platform (Open Source) 37</p> <p>KVM (Open Source) 38</p> <p>OpenVZ (Open Source) 38</p> <p>VirtualBox (Open Source) 39</p> <p>Citrix XenServer (Proprietary) 39</p> <p>VMware vSphere/ESXi (Proprietary) 39</p> <p>Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V 41</p> <p>Consumer vs. Enterprise Use 41</p> <p>Workstation vs. Infrastructure 43</p> <p>Key Benefits of Implementing Hypervisors 46</p> <p>Shared Resources 46</p> <p>Elasticity 46</p> <p>Network and Application Isolation 47</p> <p>Foundations of Cloud Computing 48</p> <p>Infrastructure 48</p> <p>Platform 49</p> <p>Applications 50</p> <p>Enabling Services 50</p> <p>Summary 50</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 51</p> <p><b>Chapter 3 Within the Cloud: Technical Concepts of Cloud Computing 53</b></p> <p>Technical Basics of Cloud and Scalable Computing 54</p> <p>Defining a Data Center 55</p> <p>Traditional vs. Cloud Hardware 62</p> <p>Determining Cloud Data Center Hardware and Infrastructure 65</p> <p>Optimization and the Bottom Line 70</p> <p>The Cloud Infrastructure 78</p> <p>Open Source 79</p> <p>Proprietary 84</p> <p>Summary 85</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 86</p> <p><b>Chapter 4 Cloud Management 87</b></p> <p>Understanding Cloud Management Platforms 88</p> <p>What It Means for Service Providers 90</p> <p>Planning Your Cloud 90</p> <p>Building Your Cloud 94</p> <p>Running Your Cloud 95</p> <p>What This Means for Customers 95</p> <p>Service-Level Agreements 97</p> <p>Policies and Procedures 97</p> <p>Planning the Documentation of the Network and IP 98</p> <p>Implementing Change Management Best Practices 100</p> <p>Managing the Configuration 105</p> <p>Managing Cloud Workloads 111</p> <p>Managing Workloads Right on the Cloud 111</p> <p>Managing Risk 112</p> <p>Securing Data in the Cloud 113</p> <p>Managing Devices 114</p> <p>Virtualizing the Desktop 115</p> <p>Enterprise Cloud Solution 116</p> <p>Summary 116</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 119</p> <p><b>Chapter 5 Diagnosis and Performance Monitoring 121</b></p> <p>Performance Concepts 122</p> <p>Input/Output Operations per Second (IOPS) 123</p> <p>Read vs. Write Files 124</p> <p>File System Performance 125</p> <p>Metadata Performance 127</p> <p>Caching 130</p> <p>Bandwidth 131</p> <p>Throughput: Bandwidth Aggregation 132</p> <p>Jumbo Frames 134</p> <p>Network Latency 135</p> <p>Hop Counts 136</p> <p>Quality of Service (QoS) 137</p> <p>Multipathing 137</p> <p>Load Balancing 138</p> <p>Scaling: Vertical vs. Horizontal vs. Diagonal 138</p> <p>Disk Performance 140</p> <p>Access Time 140</p> <p>Data Transfer Rate 142</p> <p>Disk Tuning 143</p> <p>Swap Disk Space 144</p> <p>I/O Tuning 144</p> <p>Performance Management and Monitoring Tools 146</p> <p>Hypervisor Configuration Best Practices 149</p> <p>Impact of Configuration Changes 151</p> <p>Common Issues 152</p> <p>Summary 153</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 154</p> <p><b>Chapter 6 Cloud Delivery and Hosting Models 157</b></p> <p>Private 158</p> <p>Full Private Cloud Deployment Model 158</p> <p>Semi-private Cloud Deployment Model 159</p> <p>Public 160</p> <p>Hybrid 160</p> <p>Community 161</p> <p>On-Premises vs. Off-Premises Hosting 161</p> <p>On-Premises Hosting 162</p> <p>Off-Premises Hosting 162</p> <p>Miscellaneous Factors to Consider When Choosing between On- or Off-Premises Hosting 163</p> <p>Comparing Total Cost of Ownership 166</p> <p>Accountability and Responsibility Based on Delivery Models 168</p> <p>Private Cloud Accountability 168</p> <p>Public Cloud Accountability 169</p> <p>Responsibility for Service Impairments 170</p> <p>Accountability Categories 170</p> <p>Security Differences between Models 171</p> <p>Multitenancy Issues 171</p> <p>Data Segregation 173</p> <p>Network Isolation 173</p> <p>Functionality and Performance Validation 174</p> <p>On-Premises Performance 174</p> <p>Off-Premises Performance 174</p> <p>Types of Testing 175</p> <p>Orchestration Platforms 175</p> <p>Summary 177</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 178</p> <p><b>Chapter 7 Practical Cloud Knowledge: Install, Configure, and Manage 181</b></p> <p>Setting Up the Cloud 183</p> <p>Creating, Importing, and Exporting Templates and Virtual Machines 183</p> <p>Creating Virtual Machine Templates 184</p> <p>Importing and Exporting Service Templates 186</p> <p>Installing Guest Tools 188</p> <p>Snapshots and Cloning 189</p> <p>Image Backups vs. File Backups 193</p> <p>Virtual Network Interface Card 195</p> <p>Virtual Disks 198</p> <p>Virtual Switches 199</p> <p>Configuring Virtual Machines for Several VLANs 201</p> <p>Virtual Storage Area Network 203</p> <p>Virtual Resource Migration 204</p> <p>Establishing Migration Requirements 204</p> <p>Migrating Storage 206</p> <p>Scheduling Maintenance 208</p> <p>Reasons for Maintenance 208</p> <p>Virtual Components of the Cloud 209</p> <p>Virtual Network Components 209</p> <p>Shared Memory 210</p> <p>Virtual CPU 211</p> <p>Storage Virtualization 211</p> <p>Summary 214</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 215</p> <p><b>Chapter 8 Hardware Management 221</b></p> <p>Cloud Hardware Resources 222</p> <p>BIOS/Firmware Configurations 222</p> <p>Minimum Memory Capacity and Configuration 223</p> <p>Number of CPUs 223</p> <p>Number of Cores 224</p> <p>NIC Quantity, Speeds, and Configurations 225</p> <p>Internal Hardware Compatibility 225</p> <p>Storage Media 226</p> <p>Proper Allocation of Hardware Resources (Host) 227</p> <p>Proper Virtual Resource Allocation (Tenant/Client) 232</p> <p>Management Differences between Public, Private, and Hybrid Clouds 234</p> <p>Public Cloud Management 234</p> <p>Private Cloud Management 235</p> <p>Hybrid Cloud Management 236</p> <p>Tiering 236</p> <p>Performance Levels of Each Tier 237</p> <p>Policies 238</p> <p>RAID Levels 238</p> <p>File Systems 239</p> <p>Summary 241</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 242</p> <p><b>Chapter 9 Storage Provisioning and Networking 245</b></p> <p>Cloud Storage Concepts 246</p> <p>Object Storage 246</p> <p>Metadata 247</p> <p>Data/Blob 248</p> <p>Extended Metadata 248</p> <p>Replicas 248</p> <p>Policies and Access Control 248</p> <p>Understanding SAN and NAS 249</p> <p>Cloud vs. SAN Storage 250</p> <p>Cloud Storage 251</p> <p>Advantages of Cloud Storage 252</p> <p>Cloud Provisioning 252</p> <p>Migrating Software Infrastructure to the Cloud 253</p> <p>Cloud Provisioning Security Concerns 253</p> <p>Storage Provisioning 255</p> <p>Network Configurations 256</p> <p>Network Optimization 259</p> <p>Cloud Storage Technology 260</p> <p>Data Replication 261</p> <p>Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) 262</p> <p>Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) 264</p> <p>OpenStack Swift 266</p> <p>Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) 266</p> <p>Choosing from among These Technologies 277</p> <p>Cloud Storage Gateway 278</p> <p>Cloud Security and Privacy 280</p> <p>Security, Privacy, and Attack Surface Area 280</p> <p>Legal Issues (Jurisdiction and Data) 282</p> <p>Supplier Lifetime (Vendor Lock-In) 283</p> <p>Summary 284</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 284</p> <p><b>Chapter 10 Testing and Deployment: Quality Is King 287</b></p> <p>Overview of Deployment Models 288</p> <p>Private Cloud 288</p> <p>Community Cloud 289</p> <p>Public Cloud 289</p> <p>Hybrid Cloud 290</p> <p>Cloud Management Strategies 290</p> <p>Private Cloud Strategies 291</p> <p>Community Cloud Strategies 291</p> <p>Public Cloud Strategies 292</p> <p>Hybrid Cloud Strategies 292</p> <p>Management Tools 293</p> <p>Cloud Architecture 294</p> <p>The Need for Cloud Architectures 294</p> <p>Technical Benefits 295</p> <p>Business Benefits 295</p> <p>Cloud Deployment Options 296</p> <p>Environment Provisioning 296</p> <p>Deploying a Service to the Cloud 298</p> <p>Deployment Testing and Monitoring 301</p> <p>Creating and Deploying Cloud Services 304</p> <p>Creating and Deploying a Cloud Service Using Windows Azure 305</p> <p>Deploying and Managing a Scalable Web Service with Flume on Amazon EC2 309</p> <p>Summary 321</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 322</p> <p><b>Chapter 11 Cloud Computing Standards and Security 323</b></p> <p>Cloud Computing Standards 324</p> <p>Why Do Standards Matter? 324</p> <p>Current Ad Hoc Standards 325</p> <p>Security Concepts and Tools 326</p> <p>Security Threats and Attacks 326</p> <p>Obfuscation 329</p> <p>Access Control List 329</p> <p>Virtual Private Network 330</p> <p>Firewalls 330</p> <p>Demilitarized Zone 333</p> <p>Encryption Techniques 334</p> <p>Public Key Infrastructure 335</p> <p>Internet Protocol Security 336</p> <p>Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security 336</p> <p>Ciphers 337</p> <p>Access Control Methods 338</p> <p>Role-Based Access Control 338</p> <p>Mandatory Access Control 338</p> <p>Discretionary Access Control 339</p> <p>Rule-Based Access Controls 339</p> <p>Multifactor Authentication 339</p> <p>Single Sign-On 339</p> <p>Federation 340</p> <p>Implementing Guest and Host Hardening Techniques 340</p> <p>Disabling Unneeded Ports and Services 340</p> <p>Secure User Credentials 343</p> <p>Antivirus Software 344</p> <p>Software Security Patching 344</p> <p>Summary 345</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 345</p> <p><b>Chapter 12 The Cloud Makes It Rain Money: The Business in Cloud Computing 347</b></p> <p>The Nature of Cloud Business 348</p> <p>The Service Nature of the Cloud 348</p> <p>Making Money with Open-Source Software 349</p> <p>White Label Branding 350</p> <p>Cloud Service Business Models 351</p> <p>Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 351</p> <p>Platform as a Service (PaaS) 352</p> <p>Software as a Service (SaaS) 353</p> <p>Data as a Service (DaaS) 354</p> <p>Communication as a Service (CaaS) 355</p> <p>Monitoring as a Service (MaaS) 355</p> <p>Business Process as a Service (BPaaS) 355</p> <p>Anything as a Service (XaaS) 356</p> <p>Service Model Accountability and Responsibility 356</p> <p>The Enterprise Cloud 359</p> <p>Enterprise Applications 359</p> <p>Cloud Collaboration 360</p> <p>Collaborating with Telepresence 361</p> <p>Disaster Recovery 364</p> <p>Preparing for Failure: Disaster Recovery Plan 365</p> <p>Backup Sites and Geographical Diversity 366</p> <p>Change-Over Mechanism: Failover and Failback 369</p> <p>Business Continuity and Cloud Computing 369</p> <p>Business Continuity in the Cloud 370</p> <p>Workshifting in the Cloud 371</p> <p>Bring Your Own Device 371</p> <p>Summary 372</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 373</p> <p><b>Chapter 13 Planning for Cloud Integration: Pitfalls and Advantages 375</b></p> <p>Work Optimization 376</p> <p>Optimizing Usage, Capacity, and Cost 376</p> <p>Which Service Model Is Best for You? 379</p> <p>The Right Cloud Model 381</p> <p>Private Cloud 381</p> <p>Public Cloud 383</p> <p>Hybrid Cloud 384</p> <p>Adapting Organizational Culture for the Cloud 385</p> <p>Finding Out the Current Culture 385</p> <p>Mapping Out an Adaption Plan 386</p> <p>Culture Adaption, Propagation, and Maintenance 387</p> <p>Potholes on the Cloud Road 389</p> <p>Roadblocks to Planning 389</p> <p>Convincing the Board 391</p> <p>Summary 394</p> <p>Chapter Essentials 394</p> <p><b>Appendix The CompTIA Cloud+ Certification Exam 397</b></p> <p>Preparing for the Exam 398</p> <p>Taking the Exam 399</p> <p>Reviewing the Exam Objectives 400</p> <p><i>Index 417</i></p>

<p><b>ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S)</b></p> <p><b>Abdul Salam</b> is a senior consultant with Energy Services, and author of numerous blogs, books, white papers, and tutorials on cloud computing. He earned his bachelor’s degree in Information Technology, followed by an MBA-IT degree and certifications by Cisco and Juniper Networks. He’s a frequent contributor to CloudTweaks.com. <b>Zafar Gilani</b> is an IT specialist at GfK, Nuremberg. He was an Erasmus Mundus scholar at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and Kungliga Tekniska högskolan (KTH), with postgraduate studies focused on distributed computing. <b>Salman UI Haq</b> is co-founder and CEO of TunaCode, Inc, which delivers GPU-accelerated computing solutions to time-critical application domains. He’s a frequent CloudTweaks.com contributor, and holds a degree in Computer Systems Engineering.</p>

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