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<p>Introduction xi<br /><i>Frédéric VANDERHAEGEN, Choubeila MAAOUI, Mohamed SALLAK and Denis BERDJAG</i></p> <p><b>Part 1. Perceptual Capacities</b> <b>1</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 1. Synchronization of Stimuli with Heart Rate: a New Challenge to Control Attentional Dissonances</b> <b>3<br /></b><i>Frédéric VANDERHAEGEN, Marion WOLFF and Régis MOLLARD</i></p> <p>1.1. Introduction 3</p> <p>1.2. From human error to dissonance 4</p> <p>1.3. Cognitive conflict, attention and attentional dissonance 7</p> <p>1.4. Causes and evaluation of attentional dissonance 9</p> <p>1.5. Exploratory study of attentional dissonances 11</p> <p>1.6. Results of the exploratory study 14</p> <p>1.7. Conclusion 22</p> <p>1.8. References 24</p> <p><b>Chapter 2. System-centered Specification of Physico–physiological Interactions of Sensory Perception</b> <b>29<br /></b><i>Jean-Marc DUPONT, Frédérique MAYER, Fabien BOUFFARON, Romain LIEBER and Gérard MOREL</i></p> <p>2.1. Introduction 29</p> <p>2.2. Situation-system-centered specification of a sensory perception interaction 31</p> <p>2.2.1. Multidisciplinary knowledge elements in systems engineering 32</p> <p>2.2.2. Interdisciplinary knowledge elements in systems engineering 38</p> <p>2.2.3. Specification of a situation system of interest 44</p> <p>2.3. Physiology-centered specification of a sensory perception interaction 51</p> <p>2.3.1. Multidisciplinary knowledge elements of a physico–physiological interaction 52</p> <p>2.3.2. Prescriptive specification of the targeted interaction of auditory perception 57</p> <p>2.4. System-centered specification of an interaction of sensory perception 61</p> <p>2.4.1. System-centered architecting specification of the targeted auditory interaction 61</p> <p>2.4.2. Sensing-centered specification of the targeted auditory interaction 65</p> <p>2.4.3. System-centered sensing specification of the targeted auditory interaction 67</p> <p>2.5. Conclusion 72</p> <p>2.6. References 74</p> <p><b>Part 2. Cooperation and Sharing of Tasks</b> <b>81</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 3. A Framework for Analysis of Shared Authority in Complex Socio-technical Systems</b> <b>83<br /></b><i>Cédric BACH and Sonja BIEDE</i></p> <p>3.1. Introduction 83</p> <p>3.2. From the systematic approach to the systemic approach: a different approach of sharing authority and responsibility 86</p> <p>3.3. A framework of analysis and design of authority and responsibility 88</p> <p>3.3.1. Actions in a perspective of authority, responsibility and accountability 89</p> <p>3.3.2. Levels of authority and responsibility 92</p> <p>3.3.3. Patterns of actions in relation to authority and responsibility 96</p> <p>3.3.4. Dynamic relations between the dimensions of the analysis framework 103</p> <p>3.4. Management of wake turbulence in visual separation: a study of preliminary cases 104</p> <p>3.4.1. At the nano level 106</p> <p>3.4.2. At the micro level 106</p> <p>3.4.3. At the meso level 107</p> <p>3.4.4. At the macro level 107</p> <p>3.5. Conclusion 108</p> <p>3.6. References 108</p> <p><b>Chapter 4. The Design of an Interface According to Principles of Transparency</b> <b>111<br /></b><i>Raïssa POKAM MEGUIA, Serge DEBERNARD, Christine CHAUVIN and Sabine LANGLOIS</i></p> <p>4.1. Introduction 111</p> <p>4.2. State of the art 113</p> <p>4.2.1. Situational awareness 113</p> <p>4.2.2. Transparency 114</p> <p>4.3. Design of a transparent HCI for autonomous vehicles 118</p> <p>4.3.1. Presentation of the approach 118</p> <p>4.3.2. Definition of the principles of transparency 119</p> <p>4.3.3. Cognitive work analysis 125</p> <p>4.4. Experimental protocol 132</p> <p>4.4.1. Interfaces 132</p> <p>4.4.2. Hypotheses 134</p> <p>4.4.3. Participants 134</p> <p>4.4.4. Equipment 135</p> <p>4.4.5. Driving scenarios 136</p> <p>4.4.6. Measured variables 138</p> <p>4.4.7. Statistical approach 139</p> <p>4.5. Results and discussions 140</p> <p>4.5.1. Situational awareness 140</p> <p>4.5.2. Satisfaction of the participants 143</p> <p>4.6. Conclusion 145</p> <p>4.7. Acknowledgments 146</p> <p>4.8. References 146</p> <p><b>Part 3. System Reliability</b><b> 151</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 5. Exteroceptive Fault-tolerant Control for Autonomous and Safe Driving</b> <b>153<br /></b><i>Mohamed Riad BOUKHARI, Ahmed CHAIBET, Moussa BOUKHNIFER and Sébastien GLASER</i></p> <p>5.1. Introduction 153</p> <p>5.2. Formulation of the problem 157</p> <p>5.3. Fault-tolerant control architecture 158</p> <p>5.3.1. Vehicle dynamics modeling 159</p> <p>5.4. Voting algorithms 162</p> <p>5.4.1. Maximum likelihood voting (MLV) 162</p> <p>5.4.2. Weighted averages (WA) 163</p> <p>5.4.3. History-based weighted average (HBWA) 164</p> <p>5.5. Simulation results 167</p> <p>5.6. Conclusion 175</p> <p>5.7. References 176</p> <p><b>Chapter 6. A Graphical Model Based on Performance Shaping Factors for a Better Assessment of Human Reliability</b> <b>179<br /></b><i>Subeer RANGRA, Mohamed SALLAK, Walter SCHÖN and Frédéric VANDERHAEGEN</i></p> <p>6.1. Introduction 179</p> <p>6.2. PRELUDE methodology 186</p> <p>6.2.1. Theoretical framework 188</p> <p>6.2.2. The qualitative part 193</p> <p>6.2.3. The quantitative part 198</p> <p>6.2.4. Quantification and sensitivity analysis 205</p> <p>6.3. Case study 209</p> <p>6.3.1. Step 1, qualitative part: HFE and PSF identification 211</p> <p>6.3.2. Step 2, quantitative part: expert elicitation, data combination and transformation 213</p> <p>6.3.3. Step 3, quantification data and results 216</p> <p>6.4. Conclusion 221</p> <p>6.5. Acknowledgments 224</p> <p>6.6. References 224</p> <p><b>Part 4. System Modeling and Decision Support</b><b> 231</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 7. Fuzzy Decision Support Model for the Control and Regulation of Transport Systems</b> <b>233<br /></b><i>Saïd HAYAT and Saïd Moh AHMAED</i></p> <p>7.1. Introduction 233</p> <p>7.2. The problem of decision support systems in urban collective transport 234</p> <p>7.3. Montbéliard’s transport network 235</p> <p>7.3.1. Connections 236</p> <p>7.3.2. The regulation of an urban collective transport network 237</p> <p>7.4. Fuzzy aid decision-making model for the regulation of public transport 239</p> <p>7.4.1. Knowledge acquisition 240</p> <p>7.4.2. Decision criteria for the regulation of public transport traffic 242</p> <p>7.4.3. Criteria modeling 243</p> <p>7.4.4. The fuzzification process 244</p> <p>7.4.5. Generation of decisions 247</p> <p>7.4.6. Defuzzification 249</p> <p>7.4.7. Types of decisions 255</p> <p>7.4.8. Suggestions of regulatory strategies 258</p> <p>7.4.9. Impact and validation of regulatory strategies 258</p> <p>7.4.10. Implementation of regulatory strategies 258</p> <p>7.5. Conclusion 259</p> <p>7.6. References 259</p> <p><b>Chapter 8. The Impact of Human Stability on Human–Machine Systems: the Case of the Rail Transport</b> <b>261<br /></b><i>Denis BERDJAG and Frédéric VANDERHAEGEN</i></p> <p>8.1. Introduction 261</p> <p>8.2. Stability and associated notions 262</p> <p>8.2.1. Resilience 263</p> <p>8.2.2. Stability within the technological context 263</p> <p>8.2.3. Mathematical definition of stability in the sense of Lyapunov 264</p> <p>8.2.4. Lyapunov’s theorem 265</p> <p>8.3. Stability in the human context 265</p> <p>8.3.1. Definition of human stability 265</p> <p>8.3.2. Definition of the potential of action and reaction 267</p> <p>8.4. Stabilizability 267</p> <p>8.5. Stability within the context of HMS 268</p> <p>8.6. Structure of the HMS in the railway context 269</p> <p>8.6.1. General structure 269</p> <p>8.6.2. The supervision module 271</p> <p>8.6.3. <i>The technological system </i>model 271</p> <p>8.6.4. The human operator model 272</p> <p>8.7. Illustrative example 273</p> <p>8.7.1. Experimental protocol 273</p> <p>8.7.2. Experimental results 279</p> <p>8.7.3. Remarks and discussion 280</p> <p>8.8. Conclusion 281</p> <p>8.9. References 282</p> <p><b>Part 5. Innovative Design</b><b> 285</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 9. Development of an Intelligent Garment for Crisis Management: Fire Control Application</b> <b>287<br /></b><i>Guillaume TARTARE, Marie-Pierre PACAUX-LEMOINE, Ludovic KOEHL and Xianyi ZENG</i></p> <p>9.1. Introduction 287</p> <p>9.2. Design of an intelligent garment for firefighters 290</p> <p>9.2.1. Wearable system architecture 290</p> <p>9.2.2. Choice of electronic components 292</p> <p>9.2.3. Textile design and sensor integration 292</p> <p>9.3. Physiological signal processing 294</p> <p>9.3.1. Extraction of respiratory waveforms 294</p> <p>9.3.2. Automatic heart rate detection 295</p> <p>9.3.3. Heart rate variability 297</p> <p>9.3.4. Analysis of experimental results 297</p> <p>9.4. Firefighter–robot cooperation, using intelligent clothing 299</p> <p>9.4.1. Robots 301</p> <p>9.4.2. Human supervisor interface 302</p> <p>9.5. Conclusion 303</p> <p>9.6. References 304</p> <p><b>Chapter 10. Active Pedagogy for Innovation in Transport</b><b> 307<br /></b><i>Frédéric VANDERHAEGEN</i></p> <p>10.1. Introduction 307</p> <p>10.2. Analysis of a railway accident and system design 308</p> <p>10.3. Analysis of use of a cruise control system 311</p> <p>10.4. Simulation of a collision avoidance system use 314</p> <p>10.5. Eco-driving assistance 316</p> <p>10.6. Towards support for the innovative design of transport systems 319</p> <p>10.7. Conclusion 321</p> <p>10.8. References 322</p> <p><b>Conclusion</b><b> 327<br /></b><i>Frédéric VANDERHAEGEN, Choubeila MAAOUI, Mohamed SALLAK and Denis BERDJAG</i></p> <p>List of Authors 329</p> <p>Index 333</p>

<p>Frédéric Vanderhaegen is a Professor at Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, and a researcher of the LAMIH laboratory.<br /> <br /> Choubeila Maaoui is a Professor at the University of Lorraine, France, and a member of the LCOMS laboratory and IFRATH.<br /> <br /> Mohamed Sallak is a senior lecturer at the Compiègne University of Technology, France and a member of the Heudiasyc laboratory.<br /> <br /> Denis Berdjag is a senior lecturer at Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, and a researcher of the LAMIH laboratory.</p> <p> </p>

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