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<p>Preface ix</p> <p>Contributors xv</p> <p><b>Part I Recent Advances in Antigen Retrieval Techniques and Its Application 1</b></p> <p>1 Standardization of Antigen Retrieval Techniques Based on the Test Battery Approach 3<br /> <i>Shan-Rong Shi and Clive R. Taylor</i></p> <p>2 Extended Application of Antigen Retrieval Technique in Immunohistochemistry and in Situ<br /> Hybridization 25<br /> <i>Shan-Rong Shi and Clive R. Taylor</i></p> <p>3 Extraction of Dna/rna From Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Tissue Based on the Antigen Retrieval Principle 47<br /> <i>Shan-Rong Shi and Clive R. Taylor</i></p> <p><b>Part II Standardization of Immunohistochemistry 73</b></p> <p>4 Key Issues and Strategies of Standardization For Quantifiable Immunohistochemistry 75<br /> <i>Shan-Rong Shi, Kevin A. Roth, and Clive R. Taylor</i></p> <p>5 Standardization of Immunohistochemistry Based on Antigen Retrieval Technique 87<br /> <i>Shan-Rong Shi and Clive R. Taylor</i></p> <p>6 Standard Reference Material: Cell Line Development and Use of Reference Cell Lines as Standards for External Quality Assurance of Her2 Ihc and Ish Testing 101<br /> <i>Bharat Jasani, Vicky Reid, Colin Tristram, Jeremy Walker, Paul Scorer, Michael Morgan, John Bartlett, Merdol Ibrahim, and Keith Miller</i></p> <p>7 Peptides as Immunohistochemistry Controls 123<br /> <i>Steven A. Bogen and Seshi R. Sompuram</i></p> <p>8 Standard Reference Material: Protein- Embedding Technique and Design of Bar Code 141<br /> <i>Shan-Rong Shi, Jiang Gu, and Clive R. Taylor</i></p> <p>9 the Pros and Cons of Automation for Immunohistochemistry From the Prospective Of the Pathology Laboratory 151<br /> <i>David G. Hicks and Loralee McMahon</i></p> <p>10 Image Analysis in Immunohistochemistry 165<br /> <i>Alton D. Floyd</i></p> <p><b>Part III Tissue/cell Sample Preparation 187</b></p> <p>11 Tissue Cell Sample Preparation: Lessons From the Antigen Retrieval Technique 189<br /> <i>Shan-Rong Shi and Clive R. Taylor</i></p> <p>12 Mechanisms of Action and Proper Use of Common Fixatives 195<br /> <i>Richard W. Dapson</i></p> <p>13 Cell Sample Preparation for Clinical Cytopathology: Current Status and Future Development 219<br /> <i>Yan Shi and Patricia G. Wasserman</i></p> <p>14 Design of a Tissue Surrogate to Examine Accuracy of Proteomic Analysis 235<br /> <i>Carol B. Fowler, Jeffrey T. Mason, and Timothy J. O’leary</i></p> <p><b>Part IV Molecular Mechanism of Antigen Retrieval Technique 251</b></p> <p>15 Study of Formalin Fixation and Heat-induced Antigen Retrieval 253<br /> <i>Jeffrey T. Mason, Carol B. Fowler, and Timothy J. O’leary</i></p> <p>16 a Linear Epitopes Model of Antigen Retrieval 287<br /> <i>Steven A. Bogen and Seshi R. Sompuram</i></p> <p>17 Ph Or Ionic Strength of Antigen Retrieval Solution: a Potential Role for Refolding During Heat Treatment 303<br /> <i>Shuji Yamashita</i></p> <p>18 Commentary: Future Directions 323<br /> <i>Timothy J. O’Leary, Carol B. Fowler, David L. Evers, Robert E. Cunningham, and Jeffrey T. Mason</i></p> <p><b>Part V Proteomic Analysis of Protein Extracted From Tissue/cells 333</b></p> <p>19 Techniques of Protein Extraction From Ffpe Tissue/cells for Mass Spectrometry 335<br /> <i>Carol B. Fowler, Timothy J. O’Leary, and Jeffrey T. Mason</i></p> <p>20 Application of Shotgun Proteomics to Formalin-fixed and Paraffin-embedded Tissues 347<br /> <i>Brian M. Balgley</i></p> <p>21 Visualizing Protein Maps in Tissue 369<br /> <i>Masahiro Mukai and Mitsutoshi Setou</i></p> <p>22 Symbiosis of Immunohistochemistry and Proteomics: Marching to a New Era 391<br /> <i>Shan-Rong Shi, Brian M. Balgley, and Clive R. Taylor</i></p> <p>Appendix Related Laboratory Protocols 399</p> <p>Index 413</p>

<b>Shan-Rong Shi, MD,</b> is professor of clinical pathology at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California. He is the Associate Editor of The Journal of Histochemistry and cytochemistry, he is on the Editoral Board of Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology and is also on the Overseas Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Pathology. Dr. Shi is the ineventor of the antigen retrieval (AR) technique. <p><b>Clive R. Taylor, MD, PhD</b>, is Senior Associate Dean, Professor and Chairman of Pathology at the Keck School of Medicine. Dr. Taylor is Editor in Chief of Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology. Dr. Taylor is a world renowned expert in immunohistochemistry and clinical pathology.</p>

<b>The most complete, up-to-date reference on antigen retrieval and immunohistochemistry</b> <p>An antigen is a substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and can cause an immune response. The antigen retrieval (AR) technique is in wide use across the globe, and is a critical technique used in medical diagnosis of disease, particularly clinical targeted cancer treatment.</p> <p><i>Antigen Retrieval Immunohistochemistry Based Research and Diagnostics</i> discusses several scientific approaches to the standardization of quantifiable immunohistochemistry (IHC). Based on the development and application of AR by the editors, this volume summarizes recent achievements in AR-IHC and analyzes numerous cutting-edge issues for future research projects.</p> <p>Featuring contributions from a worldwide group of leading experts and research scientists in the field, this important work:</p> <ul> <li>Summarizes the key problems in the four fields of antigen retrieval</li> <li>Discusses the advances of AR techniques and their applications</li> <li>Provides practical methods and protocols in AR-IHC, such as extraction of nucleic acids and proteins for molecular analysis, cell/tissue sample preparation, and standardization and development of various techniques to meet the future needs of¿clinical and research molecular analysis</li> <li>Encourages further research in AR and IHC, particularly how AR methods might be employed for improved test performance and the development of greater reliability and reproducibility of IHC</li> <li>Includes an appendix of related laboratory protocols</li> </ul> <p><i>Antigen Retrieval Immunohistochemistry Based Research and Diagnostics</i> is intended for clinical pathologists, molecular cell biologists, basic research scientists, technicians, and graduate students who undertake tissue/cell morphologic and molecular analysis and wish to use and extend the power of immunohistochemistry. It is also pertinent for most biotechnology companies majoring in development of IHC products.</p> <p><b>Wiley Series in Biomedical Engineering and Multi-Disciplinary Integrated Systems / Kai Chang, Series Editor</b></p>

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