Details

Age Estimation in the Living


Age Estimation in the Living

The Practitioner's Guide
1. Aufl.

von: Sue Black, Anil Aggrawal, Jason Payne-James

119,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 09.06.2011
ISBN/EAN: 9781119957256
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 320

DRM-geschütztes eBook, Sie benötigen z.B. Adobe Digital Editions und eine Adobe ID zum Lesen.

Beschreibungen

<p>This book summarizes and explains the main approaches to age estimation in the living, defining when a parameter may be of use and raising awareness of its limitations. This text ensures that practitioners recognize when an assessment is beyond their area of expertise or beyond verification depending upon the clinical data available. Each key approach to age evaluation has been allotted a single chapter, written by an international leader in the particular field. The book also includes summary chapters that relay readily accessible data for use by the practitioner, and includes important "ageing milestones."</p> <p>This book is indispensable where problems of immigration and legal standing, juvenile vs. adult criminal status, and responsibilities of law enforcement to protect vulnerable persons are key issues on a daily basis.  Medical practitioners, forensic practitioners such as pathology, odontology, anthropology and nursing, lawyers, and police would find this book incredibly useful.</p>
<p>Foreword xiii</p> <p>Preface xv</p> <p>Glossary of Abbreviations xvii</p> <p><b>1 An Introduction to the History of Age Estimation in the Living 1<br /> </b><i>Andreas Schmeling and Sue Black</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2 Dental Development 3</p> <p>1.3 Skeletal Maturation 5</p> <p>1.4 Secondary Sexual Development 8</p> <p>1.5 Conclusion 10</p> <p>References 12</p> <p><b>2 Immigration, Asylum Seekers and Undocumented Identity 19<br /> </b><i>Heather Law, Lorraine Mensah, Sue Bailey and Julia Nelki</i></p> <p>2.1 Asylum Seeker to Refugee 26</p> <p>References 28</p> <p><b>3 Clinical and Legal Requirements for Age Determination in the Living 30<br /> </b><i>Philip Beh and Jason Payne-James</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 30</p> <p>3.2 Contrasts between Age Assessment in the Living and the Deceased 31</p> <p>3.3 Reasons for Age Estimation of Bodies and Human Remains 32</p> <p>3.4 Reasons for Age Estimation of Living Individuals 32</p> <p>3.5 Assessment Techniques 37</p> <p>3.6 How Age May Be Specifically Documented 37</p> <p>3.7 Birth Certificates 38</p> <p>3.8 Identity Cards 38</p> <p>3.9 Driving Licence 38</p> <p>3.10 Passports 39</p> <p>3.11 Age Verification Cards 40</p> <p>3.12 Other Documents 40</p> <p>3.13 Medical Issues 40</p> <p>3.13.1 Duties to Examinee 40</p> <p>3.14 Communication 41</p> <p>3.15 Summary and Conclusions 41</p> <p>References 42</p> <p><b>4 Legal Implications of Age Determination: Consent and Other Issues 43<br /> </b><i>George Fernie and Jason Payne-James</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 43</p> <p>4.2 Principles of Practice 44</p> <p>4.3 Duties of the Examining Practitioner 47</p> <p>4.4 Criminal Issues in Age Determination in the Living 48</p> <p>4.5 Practical Implications 51</p> <p>4.6 Summary 53</p> <p>References 54</p> <p><b>5 The Challenges of Psychological Assessments of Maturity 55<br /> </b><i>Julia Nelki, Pete Grady, Sue Bailey and Heather Law</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 55</p> <p>5.1.1 Current Status in the UK 57</p> <p>5.2 Need for Determination of Maturity 58</p> <p>5.3 Psychological Maturity as a Concept 59</p> <p>5.3.1 Child Development 60</p> <p>5.3.2 Middle Childhood 61</p> <p>5.3.3 Adolescence 62</p> <p>5.3.4 Ethical Framework 63</p> <p>5.4 Current Practice 65</p> <p>5.5 Suggestions for a Framework for Good Practice 67</p> <p>5.5.1 Setting 68</p> <p>5.6 Summary and Conclusion 69</p> <p>Appendix 5.A Proposed Framework, Based on Common Assessment Framework (Department of Schools Families and Children, 2007) 69</p> <p>References 74</p> <p><b>6 Principles of Physical Age Estimation 77<br /> </b><i>Sue Black and George Maat</i></p> <p>6.1 Intra-uterine Growth and Development 79</p> <p>6.2 Birth and Infancy 82</p> <p>6.3 Childhood 83</p> <p>6.4 Juvenile 85</p> <p>6.5 Adolescence 85</p> <p>6.6 Adult 86</p> <p>6.7 Senescence 87</p> <p>6.8 Summary 88</p> <p>6.9 Growth Studies 89</p> <p>References 91</p> <p><b>7 Growth, Maturation and Age 95<br /> </b><i>Noël Cameron and Laura L. Jones</i></p> <p>7.1 Growth, Maturation and Age 95</p> <p>7.1.1 The Concept of Time 95</p> <p>7.1.2 Maturity Indicators 98</p> <p>7.1.3 Maturational Variation 99</p> <p>7.1.4 Uneven Maturation 99</p> <p>7.1.5 Sexual Dimorphism 100</p> <p>7.1.6 Maturity and Size 100</p> <p>7.2 Assessment of Maturation 101</p> <p>7.2.1 Skeletal Maturity 101</p> <p>7.2.2 Dental Maturity 101</p> <p>7.2.3 Secondary Sexual Development 102</p> <p>7.2.4 Independence of Methods 102</p> <p>7.3 Secular Trends 102</p> <p>7.4 Worldwide Variation in the Timing of Maturation 104</p> <p>7.4.1 Secondary Sexual Development 104</p> <p>7.4.2 Dental Development 109</p> <p>7.4.3 Skeletal Development 109</p> <p>7.5 Factors Associated with the Timing of Maturation 112</p> <p>7.5.1 Genetic Variability 112</p> <p>7.5.2 Demographic Factors 113</p> <p>7.5.3 Biological Factors 114</p> <p>7.5.4 Environmental Factors 116</p> <p>7.6 Summary 120</p> <p>References 120</p> <p><b>8 Practical Imaging Techniques for Age Evaluation 130<br /> </b><i>Andreas Schmeling, Sven Schmidt, Ronald Schulz, Andreas Olze, Walter Reisinger and Volker Vieth</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 130</p> <p>8.2 Radiation Exposure in X-ray Examinations for the Purpose of Age Estimation 131</p> <p>8.3 Radiological Examination of the Hand 133</p> <p>8.4 Radiological Examination of the Teeth 138</p> <p>8.5 Radiological Examination of the Clavicles 142</p> <p>8.6 Summary and Conclusions 144</p> <p>References 145</p> <p><b>9 External Soft Tissue Indicators of Age from Birth to Adulthood 150<br /> </b><i>Anil Aggrawal, Puneet Setia, Avneesh Gupta, and Anthony Busuttil</i></p> <p>9.1 Growth Patterns 151</p> <p>9.2 Anthropometric Parameters in Children 151</p> <p>9.2.1 Growth Charts 152</p> <p>9.2.2 Developmental Milestones 159</p> <p>9.2.2.1 Head Control 159</p> <p>9.2.2.2 Rolling 159</p> <p>9.2.2.3 Sitting 160</p> <p>9.2.2.4 Gross Motor 160</p> <p>9.2.2.5 Fine Motor 161</p> <p>9.2.2.6 Social and cognitive 161</p> <p>9.2.2.7 Speech and language 162</p> <p>9.3 Pubertal Changes 162</p> <p>9.3.1 Stages of Pubic Hair Development Derived from Tanner (1962) 163</p> <p>9.3.1.1 Pubic Hair Development in Males 164</p> <p>9.3.1.2 Pubic Hair Development in Females 164</p> <p>9.3.2 Stages of Axillary Hair Development Derived from Tanner (1962) 164</p> <p>9.3.3 Stages of Development of Male Genitalia Derived from Tanner (1962) 166</p> <p>9.3.3.1 Testicular Volume 166</p> <p>9.3.3.2 Age of First Erection and Ejaculation 167</p> <p>9.3.4 Stages of breast development as derived from Tanner (1962) 168</p> <p>9.3.5 Age of Menarche 168</p> <p>9.4 Areas of New Research 170</p> <p>9.5 Conclusion 170</p> <p>References 171</p> <p><b>10 Age Evaluation and Odontology in the Living 176<br /> </b><i>Jane Taylor and Matthew Blenkin</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 176</p> <p>10.2 Overview of the Development of the Dentition 177</p> <p>10.3 Techniques of Dental Age Estimation 179</p> <p>10.4 The Sub-adult Dentition 180</p> <p>10.4.1 Sub-adult: Physical/Anatomical 180</p> <p>10.4.1.1 Tooth Counts 180</p> <p>10.4.2 Sub-adult: Radiographic 182</p> <p>10.4.2.1 Atlas Style Techniques 182</p> <p>10.4.2.2 Techniques Employing Measurement 184</p> <p>10.4.3 Sub-adult: Destructive 187</p> <p>10.4.3.1 Histological Techniques 187</p> <p>10.4.3.2 Aspartic Acid Racemization 187</p> <p>10.5 The Adult Dentition 187</p> <p>10.5.1 Adult: Physical 188</p> <p>10.5.1.1 Tooth Wear 188</p> <p>10.5.2 Adult: Radiographic 188</p> <p>10.5.2.1 Third Molars 189</p> <p>10.5.2.2 Secondary Dentine Apposition 190</p> <p>10.5.3 Adult: Destructive 191</p> <p>10.5.3.1 The Gustafson Method 191</p> <p>10.5.3.2 Root Transparency 191</p> <p>10.5.3.3 Amino Acid Racemization and Histological Techniques 191</p> <p>10.6 Summary 191</p> <p>References 193</p> <p><b>11 Age Evaluation from the Skeleton 202<br /> </b><i>S. Lucina Hackman, Alanah Buck and S. Black</i></p> <p>11.1 Background 202</p> <p>11.2 Fetal Age 204</p> <p>11.3 Birth 208</p> <p>11.4 Juvenile/Child 210</p> <p>11.5 Age Estimation from the Skeleton in Living Adults 221</p> <p>11.6 Medial Clavicle 222</p> <p>11.7 Sternal Ribs and Costal Cartilages 223</p> <p>11.8 Pelvis 224</p> <p>11.9 Skull Sutural Closure 224</p> <p>11.10 Laryngeal Cartilages 225</p> <p>11.11 Other General Ageing Features 226</p> <p>11.12 Summary 226</p> <p>References 226</p> <p><b>12 Age Evaluation after Growth Cessation 236<br /> </b><i>Anil Aggrawal, Puneet Setia, Avneesh Gupta and Anthony Busuttil</i></p> <p>12.1 Background 236</p> <p>12.2 Consent 237</p> <p>12.3 Radiology 237</p> <p>12.3.1 Pubic Bones 239</p> <p>12.3.2 Long Bones 242</p> <p>12.3.3 Skull Sutures 243</p> <p>12.3.4 Costal Cartilages 246</p> <p>12.3.4.1 Sternum 246</p> <p>12.3.5 Vertebrae 247</p> <p>12.3.6 Laryngeal Cartilages 250</p> <p>12.4 Odontology 250</p> <p>12.5 Soft Tissues of Face 251</p> <p>12.6 Genetics in Age Estimation 252</p> <p>12.7 Physiological and Biochemical Parameters for Age Estimation 253</p> <p>12.8 Areas of Future Research 254</p> <p>12.8.1 Small Long Bones 254</p> <p>12.8.2 Scapula 254</p> <p>12.8.3 Others 254</p> <p>12.8.4 Histology 256</p> <p>12.9 Conclusion 257</p> <p>References 257</p> <p><b>13 The Presentation of Results and Statistics for Legal Purposes 267<br /> </b><i>David Lucy</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 267</p> <p>13.2 Evidence and Intelligence 269</p> <p>13.3 Statistical Methods in Age Estimation 270</p> <p>13.4 Classical, or Frequentist, Approaches 271</p> <p>13.5 Bayesian Approaches 271</p> <p>13.6 The Relevance to Age Estimation 272</p> <p>13.7 Likelihood Ratio Approaches 274</p> <p>13.8 Errors of Interpretation 279</p> <p>13.9 Concluding Comments 280</p> <p>Appendix 13.A Age-Related Data from Gustafson (1950) 281</p> <p>References 282</p> <p><b>14 Key Practical Elements for Age Estimation in the Living 284<br /> </b><i>Sue Black, Jason Payne-James and Anil Aggrawal</i></p> <p>14.1 The Four Pillars of Age Estimation 286</p> <p>14.1.1 Pillar 1: Social and Psychological Evaluation 286</p> <p>14.1.2 Pillar 2: External Estimation of Age 286</p> <p>14.1.3 Pillar 3: Skeletal Estimation of Age 288</p> <p>14.1.4 Pillar 4: Dental Estimation of Age 289</p> <p>14.2 Conclusion 290</p> <p>Index 291</p>
<p>"I strongly recommend this book to anyone interested in human growth and development, or any of the many factors that influence the timing of human maturation." (<i>The American Journal of Human Biology,</i> 2012)</p> "All in all, a very useful book. I would highly recommend this book not only to all forensic physicians, but to everyone practicing in this field. I would imagine that his book would be highly useful for lawyers, police, medical and dental practitioners, forensic scientists. I would also recommend this book to all undergraduate and postgraduate law and medical students preparing for forensic medicine examinations." (<i>Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,</i> 1 January 2011) <p>"The book is of value by advising not only what can or should be done in certain situations, but by also stating what ought not to be done . . . this publication will, I believe be of great value to the many professionals engaged in this field world wide, and will also be an excellent reference tool." (<i>Internet Law Book Reviews,</i> 2011)</p> <p>"Medical researchers explain some of the approaches used to estimate the age of people who for some reason or another do not know their age, or who are trying to conceal their age. They begin by setting out the nature of the problem, in chapters on immigration, asylum seekers, and undocumented identity; clinical and legal requirements for age determination in the living; and consent issues and other legal implications of age determination. Then they consider biological matters such as challenges of the psychological assessment of maturity; principles of physical age estimation; growth, maturation, and age; practical imaging techniques for age estimation; external soft tissue indicators of age from birth to adulthood; odontology in the living; the skeleton; age evaluation after growth cessation; presenting results and statistics for legal purposes; and key practical elements for age estimation in the living. (Annotation ©2011 Book News Inc. Portland, OR)" (<i>Reference and Research Book News,</i> February 2011)</p> <p>"I would recommend this book to any individual that was responsible for determining age of subjects for legal requirements. The authors have created a very organized text to aid in verifying scientific methods used in age determination. I thank the authors for going the extra mile and creating such a complete text for use in forensic investigations." (<i>Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology</i>, January 2011)</p> <p>"This subject area of <i>Age Assessment in the Living</i> needed this book; it fills a void in the field to a very high standard." (<i>King's College London</i>, January 2011)</p>
<p><b>Professor Sue Black, OBE BSc PhD DSc FRSE, Head of Anatomy and Forensic Anthropology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK</b><br />Professor Sue Black is one of the worlds leading experts in Forensic Anthropology. She has received many accolades throughout her distinguished professional career including an OBE presented by Her Britannic Majesty for services to Forensic Anthropology in 2001. Professor Black developed the first undergraduate training course in forensic anthropology and the first postgraduate course in human identification in the UK. She is very well known to the media and has taken part in several television, radio and other media related programmes.</p> <p><b>Professor Anil Aggrawal, Professor of Forensic Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India</b><br />Professor Aggrawal is also founder and Editor-in-Chief of <i>Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology</i>. The journal is in its 8th year of publication and draws more than 2000 visitors daily from all over the world.</p> <p><b>Jason Payne-James, Forensic Healthcare Services Ltd, Essex, UK</b><br />Jason Payne James is a forensic physician appointed as a Forensic Medical Examiner to the Metropolitan Police Service and City of London Police. His work embraces four main areas drawing on his extensive medical, legal, forensic and education/writing expertise — legal and clinical forensic aspects of medicine; clinical nutrition; gastroenterology. He is a prolific author/writer. Jason Payne James established a company, with others; Forensic Healthcare Services Ltd (www.forensic-healthcare.com) a company providing expert witnesses (www.experts4law.com) for the criminal and civil systems and other bodies, and which also provides training in these areas.</p>
<p><i>Age Estimation in the Living: The Practitioner's Guide</i> is the definitive guide to this topical subject and is written by leading experts in the field. The book provides the reader with key information on current protocols for age-estimation and the importance of the presentation of results and statistics for legal purposes.</p> <p>Ag<i>e Estimation in the Living: The Practitioner's Guide</i> summarises and explains the main approaches to age estimation in the living. The limitations of these techniques are thoroughly examined, with the purpose of ensuring that practitioners recognise when an assessment is beyond their area of expertise or beyond verification depending upon the clinical data available. Each key approach to age estimation is dealt with in distinct chapter with summary chapters to relay key information for easy reference.</p> <ul> <li>Authoritative approach draws on the experience of a team of leading figures in the field</li> <li>Provides a truly comprehensive overview of available techniques</li> <li>Highlights the limits of age estimation in the living, allowing practitioners to accurately assess their own expertise</li> <li>Written in an engaging and stimulating manner and includes case studies which show the sometimes crucial role of age estimation in the living</li> </ul>

Diese Produkte könnten Sie auch interessieren:

Fundamentals of Forensic Anthropology
Fundamentals of Forensic Anthropology
von: Linda L. Klepinger
PDF ebook
136,99 €
Patellofemoral Disorders
Patellofemoral Disorders
von: Roland M. Biedert
PDF ebook
296,99 €
Textbook of in vivo Imaging in Vertebrates
Textbook of in vivo Imaging in Vertebrates
von: Vasilis Ntziachristos, Anne Leroy-Willig, Bertrand Tavitian
PDF ebook
235,99 €