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<p>Preface xv</p> <p><b>1 Introduction to Plastic Wastes: Processing Methods, Environmental and Health Implications 1</b><br /><i>Ali Mahmoudnia, Behnam Nejati, Mahsa Kianmehr, Masood R. Deiranloei, and Farshad G. Kootenaei</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2 Plastic materials: Composition and Classification 2</p> <p>1.3 Techniques of Plastic Processing 5</p> <p>1.4 Global Plastic Production 6</p> <p>1.5 The Health and Environmental Effects of Plastic Debris 10</p> <p>1.6 Management Strategies for Plastic Debris 20</p> <p>1.7 Conclusion 23</p> <p><b>2 Management Strategies for Plastic Wastes: A Roadmap Toward Circular Economy and Environmental Sustainability 31</b><br /><i>Tarhemba Tobias Nyam, Olusola Olaitan Ayeleru, Ishmael Matala Ramatsa, and Peter Apata Olubambi</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 31</p> <p>2.2 Waste Plastics Management Strategies 33</p> <p>2.3 Recycling and Reuse of Waste Plastic in a Circular Economy 42</p> <p>2.4 Circular Economy in Waste Plastic Management 43</p> <p>2.5 Conclusions 48</p> <p><b>3 Implementation of Analytical Hierarchy Process for Developing Better Waste Collection System 55</b><br /><i>Sharafat Ali, Yasir Ahmed Solangi, Waqas Ahmed, Muhammad Asghar, and Arbab Mustafa</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 55</p> <p>3.2 Barriers to Better Waste Collection and Management Systems 58</p> <p>3.3 Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process 65</p> <p>3.4 Prioritization of Barriers and Sub-Barriers of Developing Better Waste Collection System 71</p> <p>3.5 Conclusions 79</p> <p><b>4 Processing and Recycling of Plastic Wastes for Sustainable Material Management 89</b><br /><i>Dayanand Sharma, Nandini Moondra, Ranjeet K. Bharatee, Anudeep Nema, Kumari Sweta, Manoj K. Yadav, and Nityanand Singh Maurya</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 89</p> <p>4.2 Collection, Recycling, and Processing of Plastic Waste: Case Studies</p> <p>4.3 Integrated Solid Waste Management 94</p> <p>4.4 Plastic Waste Management: Recent Approaches 98</p> <p>4.5 Treatment of Plastics with Composting 104</p> <p>4.6 Utilizations of Plastic Waste as Civil Construction Materials 105</p> <p>4.7 Public Health Effects of Plastic Wastes 107</p> <p>4.8 The Effect of Plastic Waste on Land and Ocean Animal 111</p> <p>4.9 Conclusion 113</p> <p><b>5 Chemical Recycling of Plastic Waste for Sustainable Development 117</b><br /><i>Mamoona Sadia, Abid Mahmood, and Muhammad Ibrahim</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 117</p> <p>5.2 Plastic Consumption, Waste Production, and Issues 118</p> <p>5.3 Plastics Waste and Plastic Properties 120</p> <p>5.4 Plastic Waste and Sustainable Development 121</p> <p>5.5 Challenges Associated with Plastic Chemical Recycling 133</p> <p>5.6 Future Perspectives 135</p> <p>5.7 Conclusion 135</p> <p><b>6 Plastic Wastes Management and Disposal in Developing Countries: Challenges and Future Perspectives 145</b><br /><i>Mamoona Sadia, Abid Mahmood, Muhammad Ibrahim, Tanvir Shahzad, Muhammad Imran Arshad, Ayesha Sana, and Silvia M. M. Machado</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 145</p> <p>6.2 Methods of Research 147</p> <p>6.3 Results 147</p> <p>6.4 Plastic Waste Reduction: Challenges and Recommendations 160</p> <p>6.5 Conclusion 164</p> <p><b>7 Plastic Waste Management During and Post COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Strategies 173</b><br /><i>Biswajeet Acharya, Amulyaratna Behera, Kalim Deshmukh, and Srikanta Moharana</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 173</p> <p>7.2 Biomedical Plastic Wastes’ Environmental Effects? 175</p> <p>7.3 Impact of COVID-19 on Plastic Waste Generation 176</p> <p>7.4 Packaging Plastic During and Post COVID-19 Pandemics 178</p> <p>7.5 Types of Plastic Product Use During and Post COVID-19 Pandemics 180</p> <p>7.6 The Status of Uses of Personal Protective Equipment Before, During, and Post COVID-19 Pandemic 180</p> <p>7.7 Major Material and Composition used During the Production of PPE During Pandemic 181</p> <p>7.8 Status of Biodegradable and Nonbiodegradable Plastics Used in COVID-19 Management 182</p> <p>7.9 Role of Medical Waste on the Plastic Industry During and Post-COVID 19 Pandemic 183</p> <p>7.10 Waste Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic 185</p> <p>7.11 Challenges for the Current Waste Management Systems 186</p> <p>7.12 Strategies for the Current Waste Management System 187</p> <p>7.13 Biological Advantages of Plastic Waste Management During and Post-Pandemic 189</p> <p>7.14 The Economic Development and Advantages of Plastic Waste Management During and Post-Pandemic 191</p> <p>7.15 Future Prospects 192</p> <p>7.16 Conclusion 193</p> <p><b>8 Biodegradation of Plastic Waste: Mechanisms, Perspectives, and Challenges 201</b><br /><i>Afifa Shabbir and Nazim Hussain</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 201</p> <p>8.2 Plastic Wastes Degradation 203</p> <p>8.3 Biodegradation 205</p> <p>8.4 C–C Backbone Degradation in Plastic Polymers 210</p> <p>8.5 C–O Backbone Degradation in Plastic Polymers 212</p> <p>8.6 Synthetic Plastic Polymer Biodegradation Method 214</p> <p>8.7 Toxicological Aspects of Plastic Waste Biodegradation 217</p> <p>8.8 Future Outlook, Recommendations, and Viable Alternatives 218</p> <p>8.9 Conclusion 219</p> <p><b>9 Conversion of Waste Plastics into Value-added Materials: A Global Perspective 227</b><br /><i>Tarhemba Tobias Nyam, Olusola Olaitan Ayeleru, Ishmael Matala Ramatsa, and Peter Apata Olubambi</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 227</p> <p>9.2 From Recycling to Upcycling 228</p> <p>9.3 Chemical Recycling 229</p> <p>9.4 Emergent Technology in Waste Plastic Conversion 243</p> <p>9.5 Mechanical Recycling 248</p> <p>9.6 Recycling in Additive Manufacturing 249</p> <p>9.7 Innovative Characterization Techniques 250</p> <p>9.8 Future Work and Recommendations 251</p> <p>9.9 Conclusion 251</p> <p><b>10 Plastic Waste Management in Construction Industry: Opportunities and Technological Challenges 259</b><br /><i>Appala Naidu Uttaravalli, Achuvelli V.R. Rao, Karuna Boppena, Anup Ashok, and Bhanu Radhika Gidla</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 259</p> <p>10.2 Applications of Polyethylene (PE) Based Plastic Waste in Construction Field 263</p> <p>10.3 Applications of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Waste in Construction Field 267</p> <p>10.4 Applications of Polypropylene (PP) Plastic Waste in Construction Field 268</p> <p>10.5 Applications of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Plastic Waste in Construction Field 269</p> <p>10.6 Applications of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Plastic Waste in Construction Field 271</p> <p>10.7 Technological Challenges Associated with Plastic Waste Utilization in Construction Field 272</p> <p>10.8 Conclusion 274</p> <p><b>11 Perspectives of Material Flow Analysis in Plastic Waste Management 279</b><br /><i>Giti Pishehvarz and Jafar Azamat</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 279</p> <p>11.2 Plastic 280</p> <p>11.3 MFA 281</p> <p>11.4 Conclusion 300</p> <p>12 Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Mitigating Problems of Plastic Waste Management 311<br /><i>Annesha Kar, Nobomi Borah, and Niranjan Karak</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 311</p> <p>12.2 Effect of Plastic Waste on the Environment and Living Beings 313</p> <p>12.3 Current Strategies for Plastic Waste Management 315</p> <p>12.4 Life Cycle Assessment 320</p> <p>12.5 Challenges in LCA 330</p> <p>12.6 Current Status on Sustainable Plastic Development 331</p> <p>12.7 Conclusion and Recommendations 332</p> <p><b>13 Technologies and Recycling Strategies of Municipal Solid Waste: A Global Perspective 339</b><br /><i>Abhishek N. Srivastava and Sumedha Chakma</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 339</p> <p>13.2 Technological Implications for Recyclable Material Procurement 342</p> <p>13.3 Sustainability of Recycling Measures: Stakeholder Participation and Collaboration 348</p> <p>13.4 Municipal Solid Waste: Challenges and Perspectives for Recycling 353</p> <p>13.5 Conclusion 358</p> <p><b>14 Management of Marine Plastic Debris: Ecotoxicity and Ecological Implications 363</b><br /><i>Yudith Vega Paramitadevi, Ana Turyanti, Yenni Trianda, Beata Ratnawati, Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan, Nurani Ikhlas, Nurul Jannah, and Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 363</p> <p>14.2 Marine Plastic Debris Composition 364</p> <p>14.3 Toxicity of Plastic Waste 368</p> <p>14.4 Ecological Impact of Plastic Waste 375</p> <p>14.5 Plastic Waste Management Strategy Through Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) 378</p> <p>14.6 Integrated Scenario for Managing Plastic Waste 380</p> <p>14.7 Conclusions 382</p> <p><b>15 Societal Awareness, Regulatory Framework, and Technical Guidelines for Management of Plastic Wastes 391</b><br /><i>Latifah Abdul Ghani</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 391</p> <p>15.2 Empowerment of Social Capital for Community Awareness 395</p> <p>15.3 Plastics Technical Guidelines 398</p> <p>15.4 Regulatory Framework and Regulations for Plastic Waste Management 403</p> <p>15.5 Policy and Action Recommendations for Global Sustainability 406</p> <p>15.6 Remarks 413</p> <p>References 413</p> <p>Index 421</p>

<p><b>Dr. Kalim Deshmukh </b>is presently working as a senior researcher at the New Technologies Research Center, University of West Bohemia, Plzeo, Czech Republic.</p> <p><b>Dr. Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai </b>is currently working as an Associate Professor at Alliance University, Bangalore, India.</p>

<p> <b>Comprehensive resource on innovative and breakthrough developments in plastic waste management, covering a wide range of processing techniques and applications</b> <p><i>Plastic Waste Management </i>offers a complete guide to the best plastic waste management practices through recycling, incineration, landfill, and other processes, discusses applications of plastic waste management including energy generation, biochemical production, construction, and food packaging, covering current challenges relating to plastic waste, explaining the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and providing systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstock, gasification, and thermal recycling. <p>The book also discusses different biodegradation mechanisms of plastic wastes and ecotoxicity and ecological Implications of marine plastic debris. From a cultural perspective, the book provides information regarding environmental and health implications, societal issues, and current challenges associated with plastic waste management. <p>Written by leading experts in the field and edited by two highly qualified academics, <i>Plastic Waste Management </i>covers specific sample topics such as: <ul><li>A a roadmap towards a circular economy and environmental sustainability via effective management strategies for plastic wastes</li><li>Implementation of an analytical hierarchy process for developing better waste collection systems, and chemical recycling of plastic waste for sustainable development</li><li>Mechanisms, perspectives, and challenges for natural biodegradation of plastic wastes, and conversion of plastic wastes into value added materials</li><li>Plastic wastes management and disposal in developing countries, and challenges and strategies for plastic waste management during and post COVID-19 pandemic</li></ul> <p><i>Plastic Waste Management </i>is a highly valuable resource for scientists and researchers working in the fields of environmental science, environmental engineering, and plastic engineering towards the goal of developing sustainable materials, along with graduate and postgraduate students in related programs of study, and professionals and engineers in related industries.

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