Details

Introduction to Energy and Sustainability


Introduction to Energy and Sustainability


1. Aufl.

von: Ognjen S. Miljanic, Joseph A. Pratt

97,99 €

Verlag: Wiley-VCH
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 14.09.2021
ISBN/EAN: 9783527818617
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 608

DRM-geschütztes eBook, Sie benötigen z.B. Adobe Digital Editions und eine Adobe ID zum Lesen.

Beschreibungen

Offers a comprehensive review of the currently existing energy production and consumption technologies <br> <br> Offering unique perspectives from one social and one natural scientist and combining them with the view of an industry expert, this book covers definitions and ways of quantifying energy and sustainability, and examines today?s energy production and consumption technologies?paying particular attention to the environmental, historic, and regulatory aspects of each introduced energy technology. It also deals with alternative and future energy technologies, as well as examples of sustainable approaches to everyday issues of transportation, urban planning, and home construction. <br> <br> Introduction to Energy and Sustainability starts with a section on introductory concepts and covers such things as the history of our relationship with energy; defining and quantifying both energy and sustainability; flows and conversions of energy and matter; and the laws of thermodynamics energy production today. It examines how energy is produced and consumed in our modern world?and looks at what types of energy exist and how we use it. The book also discusses the future of energy and how we will provide and utilize our current and forthcoming sources of power as our world changes. <br> <br> -Balances the treatment of hard science and engineering concepts of energy and sustainability with a thorough discussion of their socioeconomic and geopolitical implications <br> -Offers a unique perspective of one social and one natural scientist, combined with the view of an industry expert <br> -Filled with chapters that feature practice questions and solutions <br> -Relevant to students in energy fields and environmentalists <br> <br> Introduction to Energy and Sustainability is an ideal text for post-graduate level students of energy fields. It will also greatly benefit environmentalists, engineers, power engineers, and chemists in industry. <br>
<p>Preface xv</p> <p>Acknowledgments xix</p> <p><b>Part I Introductory Concepts </b><b>1</b></p> <p><b>1 Brief History of Our Relationship with Energy </b><b>3</b></p> <p>1.1 Discussion Questions 9</p> <p>Further Reading 10</p> <p><b>2 Defining and Quantifying Energy </b><b>11</b></p> <p>2.1 International System of Units 11</p> <p>2.2 Definition of Force, Energy, and Power 17</p> <p>2.3 Units of Energy and Their Interconversion 20</p> <p>2.4 Heat Capacity 23</p> <p>2.5 Phase Changes 25</p> <p>2.6 Energy Content of Fuels 27</p> <p>2.7 Practice Problems 29</p> <p>2.8 Solutions to Practice Problems 30</p> <p>2.9 Discussion Questions 32</p> <p>Further Reading 33</p> <p><b>3 Flows and Conversions of Energy and Matter </b><b>35</b></p> <p>3.1 Forms of Energy 35</p> <p>3.2 Earth’s Water Cycle 38</p> <p>3.3 Carbon Cycle 40</p> <p>3.4 Earth’s Energy Balance 43</p> <p>3.5 Energy Balance of the United States 45</p> <p>3.6 Practice Problems 47</p> <p>3.7 Solutions to Practice Problems 48</p> <p>3.8 Discussion Questions 49</p> <p>Further Reading 49</p> <p><b>4 Defining and Quantifying Sustainability </b><b>51</b></p> <p>4.1 Defining Sustainability 54</p> <p>4.2 Quantifying Development 57</p> <p>4.3 Energy Security, Environmental Stewardship, Economic Growth, and Equity 62</p> <p>4.4 Examples of Sustainable and Unsustainable Development 65</p> <p>4.5 Practice Problems 68</p> <p>4.6 Solutions to Practice Problems 68</p> <p>4.7 Discussion Questions 69</p> <p>Further Reading 70</p> <p><b>5 Laws of Thermodynamics </b><b>73</b></p> <p>5.1 Energy Conversions 73</p> <p>5.2 Second Law of Thermodynamics 76</p> <p>5.3 Entropy 78</p> <p>5.4 Heat Transfer Mechanisms 80</p> <p>5.5 Practice Problems 82</p> <p>5.6 Solutions to Practice Problems 83</p> <p>5.7 Discussion Questions 85</p> <p>Further Reading 85</p> <p><b>Part II Energy Production Today </b><b>87</b></p> <p><b>6 Fossil Fuels and Pollution </b><b>89</b></p> <p>6.1 Origins and Evolution of Fossil Fuels 89</p> <p>6.2 Combustion – How Does it Work? 91</p> <p>6.3 Pollutants: Undesirable Products of Combustion 92</p> <p>6.4 Where Are the Pollutants? Environmental Discrimination and Environmental Justice 102</p> <p>6.5 Practice Problems 103</p> <p>6.6 Solutions to Practice Problems 103</p> <p>6.7 Discussion Questions 105</p> <p>Reference 105</p> <p>Further Reading 106</p> <p><b>7 Coal </b><b>107</b></p> <p>7.1 Coal Formation 107</p> <p>7.2 History of Human Coal Use 108</p> <p>7.3 Manufactured Gas: Creating New Markets for Coal 115</p> <p>7.4 Coal and Labor 120</p> <p>7.5 Coal and Environmental Regulations 122</p> <p>7.6 How Does It Work? 123</p> <p>7.6.1 Coal Mining 124</p> <p>7.6.2 Coal Analysis 124</p> <p>7.6.3 Coal Utilization 126</p> <p>7.7 Supply and Demand 128</p> <p>7.8 Environmental and Societal Risks 130</p> <p>7.9 Future of Coal 133</p> <p>7.10 Practice Problems 136</p> <p>7.11 Solutions to Practice Problems 136</p> <p>7.12 Discussion Questions 137</p> <p>Reference 138</p> <p>Further Reading 138</p> <p><b>8 Oil </b><b>141</b></p> <p>8.1 Formation of Oil 141</p> <p>8.2 History of Human Oil Use 143</p> <p>8.3 How Does It Work? 156</p> <p>8.4 Oil Refining 159</p> <p>8.5 Supply and Demand 162</p> <p>8.6 Environmental and Societal Risks 164</p> <p>8.7 Political Risks in International Oil 166</p> <p>8.7.1 The Case of Venezuela 168</p> <p>8.8 Future of Oil 178</p> <p>8.9 Practice Problems 179</p> <p>8.10 Solutions to Practice Problems 179</p> <p>8.11 Discussion Questions 180</p> <p>Further Reading 181</p> <p><b>9 Natural Gas </b><b>183</b></p> <p>9.1 History of Human Natural Gas Use 183</p> <p>9.2 How Does It Work? 191</p> <p>9.2.1 Chemical Composition 191</p> <p>9.3 Supply and Demand 195</p> <p>9.4 Environmental and Societal Risks 197</p> <p>9.5 Global Approaches to Natural Gas 201</p> <p>9.5.1 Germany and Poland 201</p> <p>9.5.2 Russia 202</p> <p>9.5.3 Australia 202</p> <p>9.5.4 China 203</p> <p>9.6 Future of Natural Gas 203</p> <p>9.7 Practice Problems 204</p> <p>9.8 Solutions to Practice Problems 204</p> <p>9.9 Discussion Questions 205</p> <p>Further Reading 205</p> <p><b>10 Unconventional Sources of Fossil Fuels </b><b>207</b></p> <p>10.1 Enhanced Oil Recovery 208</p> <p>10.2 Expanding into Hostile Regions: Offshore and the Arctic 211</p> <p>10.3 Economic Benefits of Oil Sands vs. the Environmental Costs of Tar Sands 217</p> <p>10.3.1 Heavy Oil in Venezuela 224</p> <p>10.4 Shale Gas and Oil: Innovations in Drilling and the Fracking Revolution 225</p> <p>10.5 Future of Unconventional Oil and Gas 232</p> <p>10.6 Practice Problem 234</p> <p>10.7 Solution to Practice Problem 234</p> <p>10.8 Discussion Questions 234</p> <p>Further Reading 235</p> <p><b>11 Nuclear Energy </b><b>237</b></p> <p>11.1 History of Nuclear Energy Use 237</p> <p>11.2 How Does It Work? 238</p> <p>11.2.1 Atomic Structure 238</p> <p>11.2.2 Radioactivity 239</p> <p>11.2.3 Nuclear Fission 241</p> <p>11.2.4 Nuclear Fuel and Reactor Design 243</p> <p>11.3 Supply and Demand 246</p> <p>11.3.1 Uranium Supply and Demand 246</p> <p>11.3.2 Nuclear Electricity 247</p> <p>11.3.3 Fuel Reprocessing 248</p> <p>11.4 Environmental and Societal Risks 249</p> <p>11.4.1 Nuclear Accidents 251</p> <p>11.5 Global Approaches to Nuclear Energy 255</p> <p>11.6 Future of Nuclear Power 260</p> <p>11.7 Practice Problems 261</p> <p>11.8 Solutions to Practice Problems 261</p> <p>11.9 Discussion Questions 263</p> <p>Further Reading 264</p> <p><b>12 Hydroelectric Power </b><b>265</b></p> <p>12.1 How Does it Work? 266</p> <p>12.1.1 Pumped Storage 268</p> <p>12.2 Supply and Demand 270</p> <p>12.3 Environmental and Societal Impacts 273</p> <p>12.4 Global Approaches to Hydroelectric Energy 276</p> <p>12.4.1 Norway 276</p> <p>12.4.2 China 277</p> <p>12.4.3 United States 277</p> <p>12.5 Future of Hydroelectric Energy 278</p> <p>12.6 Practice Problems 280</p> <p>12.7 Solutions to Practice Problems 280</p> <p>12.8 Discussion Questions 282</p> <p>Further Reading 282</p> <p><b>13 Production and Storage of Electricity </b><b>285</b></p> <p>13.1 Measuring and Quantifying Electricity 286</p> <p>13.2 Electromagnetic Induction 288</p> <p>13.3 Storage of Electricity: Batteries 291</p> <p>13.4 Electric Cars 295</p> <p>13.5 Supply and Demand 296</p> <p>13.6 Practice Problems 299</p> <p>13.7 Solutions to Practice Problems 299</p> <p>13.8 Discussion Questions 300</p> <p>Further Reading 300</p> <p><b>Part III Energy Consumption Today </b><b>303</b></p> <p><b>14 Energy Use in Transportation </b><b>305</b></p> <p>14.1 Cars and Internal Combustion Engines 306</p> <p>14.2 Trains 310</p> <p>14.3 Global Shipping 315</p> <p>14.4 Airplanes 316</p> <p>14.5 Practice Problems 318</p> <p>14.6 Solutions to Practice Problems 319</p> <p>14.7 Discussion Questions 320</p> <p>Further Reading 321</p> <p><b>15 Agricultural Energy Use 323</b></p> <p>15.1 Fertilizers 325</p> <p>15.2 Farm Mechanization 328</p> <p>15.3 Pesticides 330</p> <p>15.4 Carbon Emissions in Agriculture 331</p> <p>15.5 Food Waste 332</p> <p>15.6 Practice Problems 334</p> <p>15.7 Solutions to Practice Problems 335</p> <p>15.8 Discussion Questions 335</p> <p>Further Reading 335</p> <p><b>16 Energy Use in Buildings: Residential and Commercial Consumption </b><b>339</b></p> <p>16.1 Heating 340</p> <p>16.2 Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 342</p> <p>16.3 Lighting 346</p> <p>16.4 Labor-Saving Appliances 349</p> <p>16.5 Practice Problems 350</p> <p>16.6 Solutions to Practice Problems 350</p> <p>16.7 Discussion Questions 351</p> <p>Further Reading 351</p> <p><b>17 Industrial Energy Consumption 353</b></p> <p>17.1 Production of Iron and Steel 353</p> <p>17.2 Aluminum Production 356</p> <p>17.3 Production of Cement 358</p> <p>17.4 Production of Plastics 360</p> <p>17.5 Embodied Energy 362</p> <p>17.6 Practice Problems 363</p> <p>17.7 Solutions to Practice Problems 364</p> <p>17.8 Discussion Questions 364</p> <p>Further Reading 365</p> <p><b>Part IV Energy Transitions </b><b>367</b></p> <p><b>18 Sustainability Transition: Why, When, How Long? </b><b>369</b></p> <p>18.1 Drivers of Previous Transitions 369</p> <p>18.2 Economics of Energy Transitions: Primacy of Price 372</p> <p>18.2.1 Scarcity of Supply 373</p> <p>18.2.2 Internalization of Externalities 373</p> <p>18.3 Politics of Energy Transitions 374</p> <p>18.4 Geopolitical Drivers of Transition: Resource Curse 378</p> <p>18.5 Exxon, World Bank, and Chad: A Failed Experiment in Avoiding Resource Curse 379</p> <p>18.6 Timeline for the Sustainability Transition 381</p> <p>18.7 Regional Specificities and International Tensions 382</p> <p>18.8 Practice Problem 384</p> <p>18.9 Solution to Practice Problem 384</p> <p>18.10 Discussion Questions 385</p> <p>Further Reading 385</p> <p><b>19 Climate Change 387</b></p> <p>19.1 Definition of Climate 389</p> <p>19.2 Measuring and Modeling Climate 390</p> <p>19.3 Is It Changing? 390</p> <p>19.4 Are We Responsible? 391</p> <p>19.5 The Earth is Warming. So What? 394</p> <p>19.5.1 Feedback Loops 398</p> <p>19.6 Societal and Economic Effects of Climate Change 399</p> <p>19.7 Can We Stop It? 401</p> <p>19.8 Practice Problems 402</p> <p>19.9 Solutions to Practice Problems 403</p> <p>19.10 Discussion Questions 403</p> <p>Further Reading 404</p> <p><b>Part V Energy Production Tomorrow </b><b>407</b></p> <p><b>20 Biomass as a Source of Energy </b><b>409</b></p> <p>20.1 How Does It Work? 411</p> <p>20.1.1 Wood as a Fuel 412</p> <p>20.1.2 Municipal Waste 414</p> <p>20.1.3 Biofuels 416</p> <p>20.2 Supply and Demand 419</p> <p>20.3 Environmental and Societal Risks 421</p> <p>20.4 Global Approaches to Biomass Utilization 423</p> <p>20.4.1 Brazil and Sugarcane-Based Ethanol 424</p> <p>20.4.2 United States and Corn-Based Ethanol 425</p> <p>20.5 Future of Biomass as an Energy Source 427</p> <p>20.6 Practice Problems 428</p> <p>20.7 Solutions to Practice Problems 428</p> <p>20.8 Discussion Questions 429</p> <p>Further Reading 430</p> <p><b>21 Wind Energy 433</b></p> <p>21.1 History of Use of Wind Energy 433</p> <p>21.2 How Does It Work? 437</p> <p>21.3 Supply and Demand 441</p> <p>21.4 Environmental and Societal Risks 444</p> <p>21.5 Future of Wind Energy 447</p> <p>21.6 Practice Problems 447</p> <p>21.7 Solutions to Practice Problems 447</p> <p>21.8 Discussion Questions 449</p> <p>Further Reading 449</p> <p><b>22 Solar Energy 451</b></p> <p>22.1 History of Human Solar Energy Usage 451</p> <p>22.2 How Does It Work? 453</p> <p>22.2.1 Solar Electricity 456</p> <p>22.3 Supply and Demand 460</p> <p>22.4 Environmental and Societal Risks 461</p> <p>22.5 Global Approaches to Solar Energy 462</p> <p>22.6 Future of Solar Energy 465</p> <p>22.7 Practice Problems 465</p> <p>22.8 Solutions to Practice Problems 466</p> <p>22.9 Discussion Questions 467</p> <p>Further Reading 467</p> <p><b>23 Hydrogen as a Fuel </b><b>469</b></p> <p>23.1 History of Human Hydrogen Use 470</p> <p>23.2 Production of Hydrogen 471</p> <p>23.2.1 Steam Reforming 472</p> <p>23.2.2 Electrolysis 473</p> <p>23.3 Hydrogen as a Combustion Fuel 474</p> <p>23.4 Hydrogen Fuel Cells 474</p> <p>23.5 Hydrogen as a Nuclear Fuel: Where Does the Solar Energy Really Come From? 477</p> <p>23.5.1 Nuclear Fusion on Earth 478</p> <p>23.6 Environmental and Societal Risks 480</p> <p>23.7 Future of Hydrogen as a Fuel 481</p> <p>23.8 Practice Problems 482</p> <p>23.9 Solutions to Practice Problems 482</p> <p>23.10 Discussion Questions 483</p> <p>Further Reading 483</p> <p><b>24 Geothermal Energy 485</b></p> <p>24.1 History of Geothermal Energy Use 485</p> <p>24.2 How Does It Work? 486</p> <p>24.3 Supply and Demand 490</p> <p>24.4 Global Approaches to Geothermal Energy 492</p> <p>24.4.1 Iceland 492</p> <p>24.4.2 Costa Rica 492</p> <p>24.4.3 West of the United States 493</p> <p>24.5 Environmental and Societal Risks 493</p> <p>24.6 Practice Problems 495</p> <p>24.7 Solutions to Practice Problems 495</p> <p>24.8 Discussion Questions 496</p> <p>Further Reading 496</p> <p><b>Part VI Energy Consumption Tomorrow </b><b>499</b></p> <p><b>25 Changes in Global Energy Consumption Patterns </b><b>501</b></p> <p>25.1 Developing Countries Become Developed 503</p> <p>25.2 Population Growth 504</p> <p>25.3 Middle Class Growth in the Developing World 507</p> <p>25.4 Sustainability as a Source of Friction Between Developed and Developing Countries 508</p> <p>25.5 Outsourcing Unsustainable Practices 509</p> <p>25.6 Practice Problems 511</p> <p>25.7 Solutions to Practice Problems 511</p> <p>25.8 Discussion Questions 512</p> <p>Further Reading 512</p> <p><b>26 Energy Conservation </b><b>515</b></p> <p>26.1 Increasing the Efficiency of Appliances and Energy-Consuming Devices 515</p> <p>26.2 Minimizing Energy Waste 518</p> <p>26.3 Changes in Habits and Living Standards 519</p> <p>26.4 Reduction in Material Consumption 522</p> <p>26.4.1 Reduce 523</p> <p>26.4.2 Reuse 523</p> <p>26.4.3 Recycle 525</p> <p>26.5 Global Approaches to Energy Conservation and Recycling 527</p> <p>26.5.1 Japan 528</p> <p>26.5.2 Sweden 528</p> <p>26.5.3 USA 529</p> <p>26.6 Practice Problems 529</p> <p>26.7 Solutions to Practice Problems 530</p> <p>26.8 Discussion Questions 530</p> <p>Further Reading 531</p> <p><b>27 Future of Cars </b><b>533</b></p> <p>27.1 Fuel Efficiency Standards for Vehicles 533</p> <p>27.2 Powertrain Competition 536</p> <p>27.3 Driverless Vehicles and Ride-Sharing Services 538</p> <p>27.4 Changing Habits: Car as a Status Symbol? 540</p> <p>27.5 Practice Problems 541</p> <p>27.6 Solutions to Practice Problems 541</p> <p>27.7 Discussion Questions 542</p> <p>Further Reading 543</p> <p><b>28 Energy Conservation in Architectural Design and Urban Planning </b><b>545</b></p> <p>28.1 Energy Efficiency in Old Buildings 545</p> <p>28.2 Energy Conservation in New Construction 547</p> <p>28.2.1 Construction 548</p> <p>28.2.2 Day-to-Day Operation 548</p> <p>28.2.3 Energy-Efficient Design Features 550</p> <p>28.2.4 Demolition 553</p> <p>28.2.5 LEED Certifications 553</p> <p>28.3 Energy Conservation in Urban Planning 554</p> <p>28.4 Future of Residential Construction 557</p> <p>28.5 Practice Problems 558</p> <p>28.6 Solutions to Practice Problems 558</p> <p>28.7 Discussion Questions 559</p> <p>Further Reading 559</p> <p>Appendix 561</p> <p>Index 563</p>
Prof. Ognjen Miljanic is an Associate Professor of Chemistry at the University of Houston. He<br> holds a PhD from the University of California at Berkeley (2005) and a Diploma from the University of<br> Belgrade (2000). For the past seven years, he has been teaching energy and sustainability to diverse<br> student audiences. Prof. Miljanic authored more than 70 research papers. His research focuses on the use of porous materials to capture greenhouse gases. <br> Joseph Pratt earned a PhD in economic history from Johns Hopkins University (1976). He taught at UC Berkeley, the Harvard Business School (as a visitor), and Texas A&M University before accepting a chaired position in history and business at the University of Houston, where he retired as an emeritus professor in 2016. His research has focused on energy and environmental issues, and he is the author or coauthor of twelve books. With Professor Ognjen Miljanic, he helped create a minor in energy & sustainability at the University of Houston.<br> Jami Summey-Rice is in the Downstream Commercial Graduate Programme at Shell. She holds a<br> BS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Houston (2017) with minors in Petroleum Engineering and Energy and Sustainabililty. During her time at the University of Houston she served as the teaching assistant for Introduction to Energy and Sustainability. She also published a federal policy recommendation for High Speed Rail in 2015 in conjunction with the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) and Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE). Jami currently serves on the Public Affairs and Information Committee (PAIC) at AIChE supporting the WISE program and the Climate Change Task Force.

Diese Produkte könnten Sie auch interessieren:

Hot-Melt Extrusion
Hot-Melt Extrusion
von: Dennis Douroumis
PDF ebook
136,99 €
Hot-Melt Extrusion
Hot-Melt Extrusion
von: Dennis Douroumis
EPUB ebook
136,99 €
Kunststoffe
Kunststoffe
von: Wilhelm Keim
PDF ebook
99,99 €