Details

<p>Preface xi</p> <p>Acknowledgements xii</p> <p>Abbreviations xiii</p> <p><b>1 Introduction 1</b></p> <p>The modern quantity surveyor 1</p> <p>The need for measurement 1</p> <p>The need for rules 1</p> <p>Establishing the approach 2</p> <p>Method of study 2</p> <p>Examples 3</p> <p><b>2 Detailed Measurement 5</b></p> <p>Method of analysing cost 5</p> <p>Origin of the bill of quantities 5</p> <p>The measurement process 6</p> <p>Attributes of a quantity surveyor 6</p> <p>Divisions of bill preparation 6</p> <p>Quantities as part of the contract 7</p> <p>Contractor-produced quantities and estimates 7</p> <p>Differences of custom 8</p> <p><b>3 The Use of the RICS New Rules of Measurement (NRM) 9</b></p> <p>Background 9</p> <p>The NRM volumes 9</p> <p>Introduction to NRM2 10</p> <p><b>4 Setting Down Dimensions 13</b></p> <p>Traditional dimension paper 13</p> <p>Form of dimensions 14</p> <p>Timesing 16</p> <p>Dotting on 17</p> <p>Waste calculations 18</p> <p>Alterations in dimensions 18</p> <p>The descriptions 19</p> <p>Anding-on 21</p> <p>Deductions 24</p> <p>Spacing of dimensions 24</p> <p>Accuracy 25</p> <p>Numbering the dimension sheets 25</p> <p>Cross-references 26</p> <p>Clearness of the dimensions 26</p> <p>Headings 27</p> <p>Notes 27</p> <p>Insertion of items 27</p> <p>Squaring the dimensions 28</p> <p>Scheduling dimensions 28</p> <p>Using spreadsheets 29</p> <p><b>5 Alternative Systems 31</b></p> <p>Standardisation 31</p> <p>Standard libraries 32</p> <p>Computerised bill production 32</p> <p>E-tendering 34</p> <p>Site dimension books 35</p> <p>Estimating paper 36</p> <p><b>6 Preliminary Calculations 37</b></p> <p>Mathematical knowledge 37</p> <p>Perimeter of buildings 37</p> <p>Centre line of the wall 38</p> <p><b>7 General Principles for Taking-Off 45</b></p> <p>Receipt of the drawings 45</p> <p>Preliminary study of drawings 46</p> <p>Queries with the designers 46</p> <p>Initial site visit 47</p> <p>Where to start 47</p> <p>Organising the work 48</p> <p>Taking-off by work sections 48</p> <p>Drawings 48</p> <p>The specification 49</p> <p>Sequence of measurement 49</p> <p>Measurement of waste 50</p> <p>Overall measurements 50</p> <p>Use of schedules 50</p> <p>Use of scales 50</p> <p>Use of NRM 2 51</p> <p>Decision on doubtful points 51</p> <p>Descriptions 51</p> <p>Abbreviations 52</p> <p>Extra over 52</p> <p>Dimensioned diagrams 53</p> <p>Prime cost items and provisional sums 53</p> <p>Approximate quantities 54</p> <p>Summary 54</p> <p><b>8 Substructures 55</b></p> <p>Particulars of the site 55</p> <p>Bulking 55</p> <p>Removing topsoil 55</p> <p>Bulk excavation 56</p> <p>Excavation for paths 57</p> <p>Levels 58</p> <p>Foundation excavation 58</p> <p>Earthwork support 59</p> <p>Disposal of excavated material 60</p> <p>Working space 60</p> <p>Concrete foundations 60</p> <p>Concrete ground slab 61</p> <p>Brickwork and blockwork in foundations 61</p> <p>Damp-proof courses 62</p> <p>Approach taken to measurement in Example 1 62</p> <p><b>9 Walls 79</b></p> <p>Measurement of brickwork 79</p> <p>Subdivision 79</p> <p>Measurement of projections 80</p> <p>Descriptions 80</p> <p>Brickwork thickness 80</p> <p>Common and facing brickwork 80</p> <p>Cutting, grooves, and the like 81</p> <p>Returns and reveals 81</p> <p>Hollow (cavity) walls 81</p> <p>Bands 81</p> <p>Special purpose blocks or stones 82</p> <p>Reinforcement 82</p> <p>Measurement of arches 82</p> <p>Blockwork 82</p> <p>Rendering 82</p> <p>Stonework 82</p> <p>Internal partitions 83</p> <p>Alternative stud partition example 90</p> <p><b>10 Floors 97</b></p> <p>Timber sizes 97</p> <p>Subdivision 98</p> <p>Timber floor construction 98</p> <p>Staircases 100</p> <p>Concrete floors 100</p> <p>Precast concrete beam and pot floors 100</p> <p><b>11 Roofs 107</b></p> <p>Subdivision 107</p> <p>Pitched roof construction 107</p> <p>Roof slopes 109</p> <p>Hips and valleys 110</p> <p>Broken-up roofs 111</p> <p>Trussed rafters 112</p> <p>Tile or slate roof coverings 112</p> <p>Eaves and verge finish 113</p> <p>Rainwater installation 113</p> <p>Flat roofs 113</p> <p><b>12 Internal Finishes 137</b></p> <p>Schedules 137</p> <p>Subdivision 138</p> <p>Generally 138</p> <p>Floor finishes 138</p> <p>Ceiling finishes 139</p> <p>Wall finishes 139</p> <p>Angle beads and so on 140</p> <p>Decoration 140</p> <p>Cornices and coves 140</p> <p>Skirtings 140</p> <p>Wall tiling 141</p> <p>Internal partitions 141</p> <p>Dry wall linings 141</p> <p><b>13 Windows and Doors 145</b></p> <p>Subdivision 145</p> <p>Schedules 146</p> <p>Timesing 146</p> <p>Special features 147</p> <p>Dormer windows 147</p> <p>Adjustments 147</p> <p>Windows and doors 147</p> <p>Glass 148</p> <p>Ironmongery 148</p> <p>Decoration 148</p> <p>Openings 148</p> <p><b>14 Reinforced Concrete Structures 161</b></p> <p>Generally 161</p> <p>Columns 161</p> <p>Structural floors and roofs 162</p> <p>Beams 162</p> <p>Walls 162</p> <p>Reinforcement 163</p> <p>Approach to measurement 163</p> <p><b>15 Structural Steelwork 177</b></p> <p>Fittings 177</p> <p><b>16 Plumbing 189</b></p> <p>Subdivision 189</p> <p>Sanitary appliances 191</p> <p>Foul drainage above ground 191</p> <p>Cold water 192</p> <p>Hot water 193</p> <p><b>17 Electrical Services 205</b></p> <p><b>18 Drainage Below Ground 213</b></p> <p>Subdivision 213</p> <p>Manholes 213</p> <p>Drain runs 214</p> <p><b>19 External Works 221</b></p> <p>Particulars of the site 221</p> <p>Coverage 221</p> <p>Site preparation 223</p> <p>Excavation 223</p> <p>Roads and paving 224</p> <p>Walling 224</p> <p>Fencing 224</p> <p>Sundry furniture 224</p> <p>External services 224</p> <p><b>20 Preliminaries and Other Priced Bill Sections 233</b></p> <p>Generally 233</p> <p>Preliminaries and general conditions section 233</p> <p>Part A: Information and requirements 234</p> <p>Part B: Pricing schedule 236</p> <p><b>21 Bill Preparation 241</b></p> <p>Abstracting 241</p> <p>Procedure 241</p> <p>Division into sections 242</p> <p>Structure of bills 242</p> <p>General principles 243</p> <p>Order of items in the bill 243</p> <p>Format of the bill 244</p> <p>Referencing items 244</p> <p>Units of measurement 244</p> <p>Order of sizes 245</p> <p>Use of headings 245</p> <p>Writing short 245</p> <p><b>Unit of billing 246</b></p> <p>Framing of descriptions 246</p> <p>Totalling pages 247</p> <p>Summary 248</p> <p>The process of checking 249</p> <p>Numbering pages and items 249</p> <p>General final check 249</p> <p>Cover and contents 250</p> <p>Other bill types 250</p> <p>Bill of approximate quantities 251</p> <p>Schedule of prices or rates 251</p> <p>Appendix 255</p> <p>Index 270</p>

<p><b>Roy Hills, BSc, LLM, MSc, FRICS,</b> is a Programme Leader for Quantity Surveying and a Senior Lecturer in Quantity Surveying at the University of Greenwich, UK. He is a chartered Quantity Surveyor who has worked extensively in industry across both Europe and Asia and is also an assessor for the RICS APC on the QS and PM pathways. <p><b>Sandra Lee, BSc, MSc, FRICS retd, CIOB retd,</b> is a retired chartered Quantity Surveyor but continues to be involved with surveying education and is a contributor to the associated professional bodies.

<p><b>A fully-updated new edition of the classic quantity surveyor’s guide</b> <p>Quantity Surveying (QS) involves the practice and management of costs related to building and civil engineering projects. Built on the fundamental skill of measuring building quantities, QS practitioners offer a range of services including cost assessments for life cycles, reducing carbon emissions, and more. For almost ninety years, <i>Willis’s Elements of Quantity Surveying</i> has been the indispensable introduction to the theory and practice of quantity surveying. Now updated to reflect the latest standards and practices, it promises to train a new generation of skilled contributors to the building and engineering trades. <p>Readers of the fourteenth edition of <i>Willis’s Elements of Quantity Surveying</i> will also find: <ul><li>New chapter on measuring electrical works</li> <li>Companion website with videos and worked-through examples for instructors</li> <li>Updates reflecting the 2021 edition of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors’ New Rules of Measurement 2</li></ul> <p><i>Willis’s Elements of Quantity Surveying</i> is ideal for all undergraduate students in quantity surveying and related construction disciplines.

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