Details

Series Preface xiii <p>Preface xv</p> <p>List of Contributors xvii</p> <p><b>1 An Overview of Biorefinery Technology 1</b><br /> <i>Mahmoud A. Sharara, Edgar C. Clausen and Danielle Julie Carrier</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2 Feedstock 2</p> <p>1.3 Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass 4</p> <p>1.4 Biochemical Conversion 10</p> <p>1.5 Conclusion 15</p> <p><b>2 Overview of the Chemistry of Primary and Secondary Plant Metabolites 19</b><br /> <i>Chantal Bergeron</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 19</p> <p>2.2 Primary Metabolites 20</p> <p>2.3 Secondary Metabolites 23</p> <p>2.4 Stability of Isolated Compounds 35</p> <p>2.5 Conclusion 35</p> <p><b>3 Separation and Purification of Phytochemicals as Co-Products in Biorefineries 37</b><br /> <i>Hua-Jiang Huang and Shri Ramaswamy</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 37</p> <p>3.2 Conventional Separation Approaches 39</p> <p>3.3 Supercritical Fluid Extraction 45</p> <p>3.4 Separation and Purification of Phytochemicals from Plant Extracts and Dilute Solution in Biorefineries 46</p> <p>3.5 Summary 49</p> <p><b>4 Phytochemicals from Corn: a Processing Perspective 55</b><br /> <i>Kent Rausch</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction: Corn Processes 55</p> <p>4.2 Phytochemicals Found in Corn 63</p> <p>4.3 Corn Processing Effects on Phytochemical Recovery 71</p> <p>4.4 Conclusions 86</p> <p><b>5 Co-Products from Cereal and Oilseed Biorefinery Systems 93</b><br /> <i>Nurhan Turgut Dunford</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 93</p> <p>5.2 Cereals 95</p> <p>5.3 Oilseed Biorefineries 102</p> <p>5.4 Conclusions 108</p> <p><b>6 Bioactive Soy Co-Products 117</b><br /> <i>Arvind Kannan, Srinivas Rayaprolu and Navam Hettiarachchy</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 117</p> <p>6.2 Co-Products Obtained from Industrial Biorefineries 119</p> <p>6.3 Technologies Used to Extract Co-Products 122</p> <p>6.4 Bioactivities and Nutritional Value in Biorefinery Co-Products 123</p> <p>6.5 Modern Technologies for Efficient Delivery – Nanoencapsulation 126</p> <p>6.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects 127</p> <p><b>7 Production of Valuable Compounds by Supercritical Technology Using Residues from Sugarcane Processing 133</b><br /> <i>Juliana M. Prado and M. Angela A. Meireles</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 133</p> <p>7.2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Filter Cake 135</p> <p>7.3 Process Simulation for Estimating Manufacturing Cost of Extracts 138</p> <p>7.4 Hydrolysis of Bagasse with Sub/Supercritical Fluids 143</p> <p>7.5 Conclusions 148</p> <p><b>8 Potential Value-Added Co-products from Citrus Fruit Processing 153</b><br /> <i>John A. Manthey</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 153</p> <p>8.2 Fruit Processing and Byproduct Streams 154</p> <p>8.3 Polysaccharides as Value-Added Products 163</p> <p>8.4 Phytonutrients as Value-Added Products 165</p> <p>8.5 Fermentation and Production of Enhanced Byproducts 170</p> <p>8.6 Conclusion 171</p> <p><b>9 Recovery of Leaf Protein for Animal Feed and High-Value Uses 179</b><br /> <i>Bryan D. Bals, Bruce E. Dale and Venkatesh Balan</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 179</p> <p>9.2 Methods of Separating Protein 181</p> <p>9.3 Protein Concentration 185</p> <p>9.4 Uses for Leaf Protein 187</p> <p>9.5 Integration with Biofuel Production 189</p> <p>9.6 Conclusions 192</p> <p><b>10 Phytochemicals from Algae 199</b><br /> <i>Liam Brennan, Anika Mostaert, Cormac Murphy and Philip Owende</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 199</p> <p>10.2 Commercial Applications of Algal Phytochemicals 203</p> <p>10.3 Production Techniques for Algal Phytochemicals 213</p> <p>10.4 Extraction Techniques for Algal Phytochemicals 220</p> <p>10.5 Metabolic Engineering for Synthesis of Algae-Derived Compounds 224</p> <p>10.6 Phytochemical Market Evolution 228</p> <p>10.7 Conclusions 228</p> <p><b>11 New Bioactive Natural Products from Canadian Boreal Forest 241</b><br /> <i>Francois Simard, Andre Pichette and Jean Legault</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 241</p> <p>11.2 Identification of New Bioactive Natural Products from Canadian Boreal Forest 243</p> <p>11.3 Chemical Modification of Bioactive Natural Products from the Canadian Boreal Forest 250</p> <p>11.4 Conclusion 253</p> <p><b>12 Pressurized Fluid Extraction and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Birch Bark 259</b><br /> <i>Michelle Co and Charlotta Turner</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 259</p> <p>12.2 Qualitative Analysis of Birch Bark 261</p> <p>12.3 Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Birch 267</p> <p>12.4 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array, Electrochemical and Mass Spectrometric Detection of Antioxidants 270</p> <p>12.5 Extraction of Bioactive Compounds 272</p> <p>12.6 Discussion and Future Perspectives 278</p> <p><b>13 Adding Value to the Integrated Forest Biorefinery with Co-Products from Hemicellulose-Rich Pre-Pulping Extract 287</b><br /> <i>Abigail S. Engelberth and G. Peter van Walsum</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 287</p> <p>13.2 Hemicellulose Recovery 289</p> <p>13.3 Hemicellulose Conversion 295</p> <p>13.4 Process Economics 305</p> <p>13.5 Conclusion 306</p> <p><b>14 Pyrolysis Bio-Oils from Temperate Forests: Fuels, Phytochemicals and Bioproducts 311</b><br /> <i>Mamdouh Abou-Zaid and Ian M. Scott</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 311</p> <p>14.2 Overview of Forest Feedstock 312</p> <p>14.3 Pyrolysis Technology 317</p> <p>14.4 Prospects for Fuel Production 317</p> <p>14.5 Chemicals in the Bio-Oil 318</p> <p>14.6 Valuable Chemical Recovery Process 320</p> <p>14.7 Selected Phytochemicals from Pyrolysis Bio-Oils 321</p> <p>14.8 Other Products 322</p> <p>14.9 Future Prospects 323</p> <p><b>15 Char from Sugarcane Bagasse 327</b><br /> <i>K. Thomas Klasson</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 327</p> <p>15.2 Sugarcane Bagasse Availability 330</p> <p>15.3 Thermal Processing in an Inert Atmosphere (Pyrolysis) 331</p> <p>15.4 Technology for Converting Char to Activated Char 332</p> <p>15.5 Char and Activated-Char Characterization and Implications for Use 333</p> <p>15.6 Uses of Bagasse Char and Activated Char 343</p> <p>15.7 Conclusions 345</p> <p>References 345</p> <p>Index 351</p>

<p><b>Dr D. Julie Carrier</b> is a Professor in Biological and Agricultural Engineering at the University of Arkansas. Her current research is aimed at extracting valuable chemical components from biomass. She has been working in this field for 10 years, accumulating over 50 peer-reviewed papers. In addition to her research, she teaches courses on properties of biological materials and biotechnology/bioprocessing. She has authored over 50 peer reviewed journal articles and 2 book chapters.</p> <p><b>Danielle Julie Carrier</b>, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.</p> <p><b>Shri Ramaswamy</b>, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Kaufert Lab, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.</p>

In order to successfully compete as a sustainable energy source, the value of biomass must be maximized through the production of valuable co-products in the biorefinery. Specialty chemicals and other biobased products can be extracted from biomass prior to or after the conversion process, thus increasing the overall profitability and sustainability of the biorefinery. <p><i>Biorefinery Co-Products</i> highlights various co-products that are present in biomass prior or after processing, describes strategies for their extraction , and presents examples of bioenergy feedstocks that contain high value products.</p> <p>Topics covered include:</p> <ul> <li>Extraction of bioactive compounds from biomass</li> <li>Phytochemicals from corn and algae</li> <li>Co-products from cereal and oilseed biorefinery systems</li> <li>Valuable compounds from citrus waste</li> <li>Char from sugarcane bagasse</li> </ul> <p>Aimed at academic researchers, professionals and specialists in the bioenergy industry, <i>Biorefinery Co-Products</i> is an essential text for all scientists and engineers working on the efficient separation, purification and manufacture of value-added biorefinery co-products.</p> <p>For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable resources, visit <a href="http://www.wiley.com/go/rrs">www.wiley.com/go/rrs</a></p>

GB