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<p>Foreword by Yvon Le Maho ix</p> <p>Foreword by Thomas Lesueur xiii</p> <p>Introduction xv</p> <p><b>Chapter 1. Photovoltaics: Concepts and Challenges 1</b></p> <p>1.1. Brief description of the different photovoltaic cell technologies 1</p> <p>1.1.1. Photovoltaic versus thermal solar panels 9</p> <p>1.2. Different types of photovoltaic installations 9</p> <p>1.3. Legislation 10</p> <p>1.4. Advantages of photovoltaics 11</p> <p>1.5. Disadvantages of photovoltaics 12</p> <p>1.6. Some figures on the environmental footprint compared to other energy sources 13</p> <p>1.7. Origin of the silicon needed for the construction of photovoltaic cells 16</p> <p>1.8. End of life of solar panels 17</p> <p>1.9. Degree of maturity of material recycling 17</p> <p>1.10. Location and mode of development of photovoltaics 18</p> <p>1.10.1. Photovoltaic panels on roofs 18</p> <p>1.10.2. Ground-mounted photovoltaic panels: creating solar fields on unused industrial wastelands and parking lots 26</p> <p>1.10.3. Creating solar fields in arid areas 32</p> <p>1.10.4. Creating photovoltaic parks on water 35</p> <p><b>Chapter 2. Photovoltaic Energy Production and Agricultural Activity: Agrivoltaics 37</b></p> <p>2.1. Definition–legislation–adaptation and evolution of techniques 38</p> <p>2.2. Food crops 45</p> <p>2.2.1. Fish farming 46</p> <p>2.2.2. Oyster farming 47</p> <p>2.2.3. Viticulture 49</p> <p>2.2.4. Arboriculture and fruit production 50</p> <p>2.2.5. Field crops 53</p> <p>2.2.6. Market gardening: shades, greenhouses, protective structures for environmental conditions 54</p> <p>2.2.7. Other crops 55</p> <p>2.2.8. Pasture and livestock 57</p> <p><b>Chapter 3. Innovative Principle of Ecovoltaics 63</b></p> <p>3.1. Definition and concept 63</p> <p>3.2. State of the art: feedback 64</p> <p>3.2.1. Constraints of the experimental site in Occitanie 64</p> <p>3.2.2. Planting of species of interest in biodynamic agriculture on the grounds of solar parks 69</p> <p>3.2.3. Planting of melliferous species 81</p> <p>3.2.4. Installation of regionally endangered species 88</p> <p>3.2.5. Installation of medicinal species 89</p> <p>3.3. Assessment – issues 91</p> <p>3.3.1. Positive impact on soil quality 91</p> <p>3.3.2. Positive impact on faunal biodiversity 93</p> <p>3.4. Perspectives 97</p> <p>3.4.1. Regulations for the marketing of plants or plant extracts for use in biodynamic agriculture 97</p> <p>Appendices 103</p> <p>Appendix 1 105</p> <p>Appendix 2 113</p> <p>Appendix 3 115</p> <p>References 121</p> <p>Index 135           </p>

<b>Claude Grison</b> is a Research Director at the CNRS and a national corresponding member of the National Academy of Pharmacy. She is the originator of a new concept, that of ecological chemistry.<br /><br /><b>Lucie Cases</b> is a Chemical Engineer at the CNRS in the ChimEco laboratory. A graduate of the National School of Chemistry in Montpellier, she specializes in sustainable chemistry.<br /><br /><b>Mailys Le Moigne</b> is a Student Engineer at the Purpan School, Toulouse, specializing in agriculture, agri-food and the environment.<br /><br /><b>Martine Hossaert-McKey</b> is an Emeritus Research Director at the CNRS in the ChimEco laboratory and at the CEFE in Montpellier. She is also in charge of Biodiversity and Overseas Missions for the CNRS.

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