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<p>Acknowledgments xi</p> <p>Introduction xiii</p> <p><b>Part 1 Landscape: Continuity and Transformation 1</b></p> <p><b>Introduction to Part 1 3</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 1 Landscape: The Resistance of the Past? 5</b></p> <p>1.1 The past in the present 5</p> <p>1.1.1 Architectural and morphological persistences 5</p> <p>1.1.2 Looking to the present to uncover the past: regressive history 7</p> <p>1.1.3 The palimpsest as accumulation 9</p> <p>1.2 Change, an eternal constant? 12</p> <p>1.2.1 The diachronic approach 12</p> <p>1.2.2 Connecting past and present 12</p> <p>1.2.3 Drivers of change 15</p> <p>1.2.4 Primary forms: a non-evolving landscape 18</p> <p>1.2.5 The notion of decay 20</p> <p>1.3 Reversible time 22</p> <p>1.3.1 Resistance to change 22</p> <p>1.3.2 The ancient plan as a work of art 23</p> <p>1.3.3 The ancient plan as a societal project 24</p> <p>1.3.4 Artificial versus natural forms 25</p> <p>1.3.5 Conclusion 26</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 Landscape: A Past… Surpassed? 29</b></p> <p>2.1 A visual revolution 29</p> <p>2.1.1 A new vision of landscape 30</p> <p>2.1.2 The allure of a new vision 34</p> <p>2.1.3 Are we moving toward erasure of the past? 37</p> <p>2.2 A stratified landscape 38</p> <p>2.2.1 Erasure in the palimpsest model 38</p> <p>2.2.2 The fossil landscape 41</p> <p>2.2.3 Buried landscapes 43</p> <p>2.2.4 The stratified landscape 45</p> <p>2.3 The synchronic view 50</p> <p>2.3.1 Synchronizing forms and society 50</p> <p>2.3.2 The negation of nature and the division of past from present 52</p> <p>2.3.3 The break between past and present in methodology 53</p> <p>2.3.4 The opposition of nature and culture 54</p> <p>2.4 Conclusion 56</p> <p><b>Chapter 3 Landscape: The Articulation of Past, Present and Future 59</b></p> <p>3.1 The 1990s: a period of revival 59</p> <p>3.1.1 Learning from the ground 59</p> <p>3.1.2 Re-evaluating the nature/culture dichotomy 60</p> <p>3.2 The inversion of time 63</p> <p>3.2.1 Non-linear temporalities 63</p> <p>3.2.2 Evolved forms versus decayed forms 65</p> <p>3.2.3 From regressive analysis to compiled maps 66</p> <p>3.3 Discovering new forms 69</p> <p>3.3.1 River corridors 69</p> <p>3.3.2 Formation networks 71</p> <p>3.4 Landscape as a self-organized system 74</p> <p>3.4.1 Self-organization and morphogenesis 74</p> <p>3.4.2 Plot layouts and road and path networks as systems 75</p> <p>3.5 Organizing principles in plot layout and road networks 80</p> <p>3.5.1 Morphological principles: reproduction of parcel layouts and road networks 80</p> <p>3.5.2 The role of morphogens 83</p> <p>3.5.3 Morphostasis, transformission and resilience 88</p> <p>3.5.4 The articulation of flow, ground footprint and shape 90</p> <p>3.5.5 Asynchrony in flows, ground footprints and shapes: the importance of lag 95</p> <p>3.6 Forms in a landscape: specific temporalities 101</p> <p>3.6.1 New temporalities in archeogeography 102</p> <p>3.6.2 Time as a spiral 105</p> <p>3.7 Conclusion 107</p> <p><b>Part 2 Resilience: A Tool for Understanding the Dialectics of Persistence and Change 109</b></p> <p><b>Introduction to Part 2 111</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 4 Ecological Resilience as a Systemic Property of Social-ecological Systems 115</b></p> <p>4.1 The roots of resilience 115</p> <p>4.2 Resilience versus stability: the dynamic role of perturbations 120</p> <p>4.3 A dynamic approach to organization: the adaptive cycle 121</p> <p>4.4 The panarchy model 124</p> <p>4.4.1 Development of the model 124</p> <p>4.4.2 Panarchy and social systems 129</p> <p>4.5 Alternative attractors and transitions in complex systems 132</p> <p>4.5.1 Multiple states 132</p> <p>4.5.2 Alternative attractors and hysteresis 133</p> <p>4.6 Conclusion 137</p> <p><b>Chapter 5 Resilience and Spatial Systems 139</b></p> <p>5.1 Pre-2005: the first appropriations of resilience in archeology and geography 140</p> <p>5.1.1 Research in the English-speaking community 140</p> <p>5.1.2 The French case: simultaneous adoption in archeology and geography 141</p> <p>5.1.3 Geography: a limited adoption of the concept of resilience 149</p> <p>5.1.4 Archeology: an adoption of resilience mediated by archeogeography 150</p> <p>5.2 New developments and critical approaches after 2005 157</p> <p>5.2.1 Adoption of the notion of resilience by public authorities and inflation of the term 157</p> <p>5.2.2 The adoption of resilience in the geography of risks 161</p> <p>5.2.3 A controversial appropriation of the notion of resilience 164</p> <p>5.2.4 Assimilation with stability: engineering resilience 166</p> <p>5.2.5 Resilience as a systemic property: a limited impact 168</p> <p>5.3 Conclusion 172</p> <p><b>Chapter 6 The Conceptual Framework of Ecological Resilience: A Long-term Approach 173</b></p> <p>6.1 The conceptual framework of ecological resilience: points for discussion 173</p> <p>6.2 The benefits of the long-term perspective 178</p> <p>6.3 The cultural landscape: a field of heuristic experimentation 182</p> <p>6.3.1 The contribution of cultural landscapes and land-use legacies 182</p> <p>6.3.2 The role of spatial markers in social resilience 185</p> <p>6.4 Transitions in settlement systems 188</p> <p>6.5 Conclusion 191</p> <p><b>Part 3 Synthesis: Landscape as a Resilient Social-ecological System 195</b></p> <p><b>Introduction to Part 3 197</b></p> <p>Chapter 7 Landscape: An Integrated System of Societies and Environments 201</p> <p>Chapter 8 Landscape as a Complex Adaptive System 205</p> <p>8.1 Landscape emergence as a system: key concepts 205</p> <p>8.2 Maintenance and reproduction of landscapes as systems: key concepts 207</p> <p>8.3 Temporalities of resilience in a landscape: key concepts 210</p> <p>8.4 Transitions in landscapes: key concepts 216</p> <p>8.5 Reorganization in a landscape: key concepts 218</p> <p>8.6 The articulation between persistence and change in a landscape: key concepts 219</p> <p>8.7 Temporalities of reorganization in landscape: key concepts 223</p> <p>8.8 Conclusion: summary and directions for further investigation 224</p> <p>Conclusion 229</p> <p>References 233</p>

Sandrine Robert is an archeogeographer, an Associate Professor at EHESS, France, and she has defended her professorial thesis. Her work focuses on the long-term dynamics of landscapes and she is the founder and chair of the Landscape Commission of the UISPP.

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