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<p>Acknowledgments xv</p> <p>About the Author xvii</p> <p>Introduction xix</p> <p><b>Chapter 1</b></p> <p>Understanding the Key Building Blocks of Progress 1</p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2 Key Building Blocks of Data Science and AI 2</p> <p>1.2.1 Data Acquisition 2</p> <p>1.2.2 Data Maintenance 2</p> <p>1.2.3 Analysis 3</p> <p>1.2.4 Communication 3</p> <p>1.2.5 Machine Learning 4</p> <p>1.2.6 Artificial Intelligence 4</p> <p>1.2.7 Advantages and Disadvantages 4</p> <p>1.2.8 Four Key Focuses for Future AI 5</p> <p>1.3 Quantum Computing 7</p> <p>1.3.1 What Is Quantum Computing? 7</p> <p>1.3.2 Impact on Cybersecurity 9</p> <p>1.4 Proliferation of Devices 9</p> <p>1.5 5G and the Impact of Advanced Communications 11</p> <p>1.5.1 Global Transformation 12</p> <p>1.6 Public Sectors 4.0 12</p> <p>1.7 Conclusion 14</p> <p>1.8 Notes 15</p> <p><b>Chapter 2</b></p> <p>Office of Finance 17</p> <p>2.1 Introduction 17</p> <p>2.2 Forecasting and Public Finance Management 18</p> <p>2.3 Forecasting 19</p> <p>2.3.1 Qualitative Forecasting 19</p> <p>2.3.2 Quantitative Forecasting 20</p> <p>2.3.3 Forecasting for Public Sector Transformation 21</p> <p>2.3.4 Managing Risk and Uncertainty 22</p> <p>2.3.5 Forecasting in IT Projects 23</p> <p>2.3.6 The Move Toward Activity-Based Costing 24</p> <p>2.3.7 Hard Benefits and Soft Benefits 24</p> <p>2.3.8 Enterprise Resource Planning 26</p> <p>2.3.9 AI and Governmental Administration 28</p> <p>2.3.10 Global Partnership on AI 29</p> <p>2.4 Conclusion 30</p> <p>2.5 Notes 30</p> <p><b>Chapter 3</b></p> <p>Public Order and Safety 33</p> <p>3.1 Introduction 33</p> <p>3.2 The Future of Policing in an AI Era 33</p> <p>3.2.1 Transformation of Police Work 34</p> <p>3.2.2 Criminal Use of AI 36</p> <p>3.2.3 Police Use of New Technologies 36</p> <p>3.2.4 Case Studies in Policing 37</p> <p>3.2.5 Policing in China 38</p> <p>3.2.6 Forward-Looking Policing 39</p> <p>3.3 AI in Policing 41</p> <p>3.3.1 Impact on Police Behavior 42</p> <p>3.4 The Citizen as a Key Component of Future Policing 42</p> <p>3.5 Police and Location Analytics 43</p> <p>3.6 Policing Summary 44</p> <p>3.7 Border Security and AI 45</p> <p>3.8 Customs Reform 46</p> <p>3.8.1 The Citizen and Taxation 47</p> <p>3.9 Fire Safety and AI 48</p> <p>3.9.1 Natural Fire Prevention 49</p> <p>3.9.2 Prevention of Urban Fires 49</p> <p>3.9.3 Smart Homes and Fire Detection 49</p> <p>3.9.4 Commercial Fire Prevention 50</p> <p>3.9.5 Firefighting Using AI 50</p> <p>3.9.6 Fire Station Locations 51</p> <p>3.10 Conclusion 51</p> <p>3.11 Notes 52</p> <p><b>Chapter 4</b></p> <p>Personal Social Services 55</p> <p>4.1 Introduction 55</p> <p>4.2 Care Homes 56</p> <p>4.2.1 The UK Model 57</p> <p>4.2.2 Care Homes in Japan 59</p> <p>4.2.3 The Canadian Picture 60</p> <p>4.2.4 The Emergence of AgeTech 60</p> <p>4.2.5 Going Forward 61</p> <p>4.2.6 Conclusion 61</p> <p>4.3 Impact on Children 62</p> <p>4.4 Mental Health 64</p> <p>4.5 Social Protection 66</p> <p>4.5.1 Social Risk Framework 67</p> <p>4.6 Employment and Benefit Management 70</p> <p>4.7 Conclusion 72</p> <p>4.8 Notes 73</p> <p><b>Chapter 5</b></p> <p>Health 77</p> <p>5.1 Introduction 77</p> <p>5.2 Digitalization and Its Importance in Healthcare 77</p> <p>5.2.1 Different Categories of Data Sources in Healthcare 78</p> <p>5.3 Medical Monitoring and Biosensors 79</p> <p>5.3.1 Use of Biosensors in Mental Health 81</p> <p>5.4 Innovating to Zero in Healthcare 82</p> <p>5.4.1 Zero Invasive Surgery 82</p> <p>5.4.2 Zero Waste Management 83</p> <p>5.4.3 Zero Surgical Errors 84</p> <p>5.5 Tissue Engineering 84</p> <p>5.6 Cybernetics 85</p> <p>5.7 Advancements in Drug Creation and Treatment 86</p> <p>5.8 Case Studies in Healthcare 87</p> <p>5.8.1 Ping An Good Doctor 87</p> <p>5.8.2 Cancer Screening Case Study 87</p> <p>5.9 Paramedics and AI 88</p> <p>5.10 Cybersecurity in Healthcare 89</p> <p>5.11 Conclusion 90</p> <p>5.12 Notes 91</p> <p><b>Chapter 6</b></p> <p>Education 93</p> <p>6.1 Introduction 93</p> <p>6.2 Learning for the Future 94</p> <p>6.3 Teaching in the Future 96</p> <p>6.3.1 The Use of AI for Predicting Exam Success 97</p> <p>6.4 AI and Language in the Classroom 98</p> <p>6.4.1 Automated Essay Scoring 98</p> <p>6.4.2 Removing Communication Barriers 99</p> <p>6.5 Robots in the Classroom 99</p> <p>6.6 The Shortage of Tech Talent 100</p> <p>6.7 Case Studies in Education 101</p> <p>6.8 Conclusion 101</p> <p>6.9 Notes 102</p> <p><b>Chapter 7</b></p> <p>Defense 105</p> <p>7.1 Introduction 105</p> <p>7.2 Use Cases of AI in Defense 106</p> <p>7.2.1 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance 107</p> <p>7.2.2 Logistics 108</p> <p>7.2.3 Cyberspace Operations 108</p> <p>7.2.4 Information Operations and “Deep Fakes” 108</p> <p>7.2.5 Command and Control 108</p> <p>7.2.6 AI and Augmented Reality Soldiers 109</p> <p>7.2.7 Semi-Autonomous and Autonomous Vehicles 109</p> <p>7.3 Ethical Issues 110</p> <p>7.4 Drones 111</p> <p>7.5 Conclusion 113</p> <p>7.6 Notes 114</p> <p><b>Chapter 8</b></p> <p>Smarter Cities and Transportation 115</p> <p>8.1 Introduction 115</p> <p>8.2 Smarter Cities 115</p> <p>8.2.1 Smart Infrastructure 116</p> <p>8.2.2 Smart Transportation 116</p> <p>8.2.3 Street Lighting 116</p> <p>8.2.4 Water Utilities 117</p> <p>8.2.5 Emergency Services 117</p> <p>8.2.6 Waste Collection and Disposal 118</p> <p>8.2.7 Maintenance of Public Places 118</p> <p>8.2.8 Humans as Devices 118</p> <p>8.2.9 Data Challenges for Smart Cities 119</p> <p>8.3 Transportation 119</p> <p>8.3.1 Traffic Management 120</p> <p>8.3.2 Road Safety 120</p> <p>8.3.3 Highway Maintenance 121</p> <p>8.3.4 Autonomous Trams 121</p> <p>8.3.5 Autonomous Taxis 123</p> <p>8.4 Railways and the Future of Rail 123</p> <p>8.4.1 Net Zero in Rail 124</p> <p>8.4.2 AI and Effective Rail Timetabling 125</p> <p>8.5 Air Travel 126</p> <p>8.6 Conclusion 128</p> <p>8.7 Notes 128</p> <p><b>Chapter 9</b></p> <p>Housing and the Environment 131</p> <p>9.1 Introduction 131</p> <p>9.2 AI in Social Housing 131</p> <p>9.2.1 Risk Management in Social Housing 133</p> <p>9.2.2 Transforming the Tenant Experience 133</p> <p>9.2.3 Case Study – Housemark Pilot 134</p> <p>9.2.4 Social Housing Fraud 135</p> <p>9.2.5 Tenant Viewpoint 136</p> <p>9.2.6 AI as a Virtual Housing Assistant 137</p> <p>9.2.7 Chatbots in Social Housing 137</p> <p>9.3 AI and the Environment 138</p> <p>9.4 Management of Natural Disasters 139</p> <p>9.4.1 Flooding and Flood Management 139</p> <p>9.4.2 Flood Defense 140</p> <p>9.4.3 Earthquakes, Windstorms, and Forest Fires 141</p> <p>9.5 Conclusion 141</p> <p>9.6 Notes 142</p> <p><b>Chapter 10</b></p> <p>Employment, Industry, and Agriculture 145</p> <p>10.1 Introduction 145</p> <p>10.2 Employment 145</p> <p>10.2.1 Unemployment 146</p> <p>10.3 AI and Industry 148</p> <p>10.3.1 State-Owned Enterprises 149</p> <p>10.3.2 China Model 150</p> <p>10.3.3 South African Model 150</p> <p>10.3.4 UK Model 150</p> <p>10.3.5 SOEs in the United States 151</p> <p>10.4 Agriculture 151</p> <p>10.4.1 The Role of AI in Agricultural Policy 152</p> <p>10.4.2 The Role of AI in Environmental Issues 153</p> <p>10.5 Conclusion 153</p> <p>10.6 Notes 154</p> <p><b>Chapter 11</b></p> <p>The Role of the State 157</p> <p>11.1 Introduction 157</p> <p>11.2 What Is the Role of the State? 157</p> <p>11.3 What Is Surveillance? 159</p> <p>11.4 Reasons for Surveillance 160</p> <p>11.5 Surveillance Capitalism 161</p> <p>11.6 Surveillance in Covid “Track and Trace” 163</p> <p>11.7 Data Justice and Independent Oversight 164</p> <p>11.8 A Contrary View 166</p> <p>11.9 The Ethics of Surveillance 167</p> <p>11.10 Nudging the Citizen 168</p> <p>11.11 Conclusion 170</p> <p>11.12 Notes 171</p> <p><b>Chapter 12</b></p> <p>Risk and Cybercrime 173</p> <p>12.1 Introduction 173</p> <p>12.2 The Nature of Risk 173</p> <p>12.2.1 Management of Risk 174</p> <p>12.2.2 Three Lines of Risk Defense 176</p> <p>12.3 Roles and Responsibilities in the Public Sector 176</p> <p>12.4 Examples of Risk 176</p> <p>12.4.1 Technology and System Failure 177</p> <p>12.4.2 Data Security and Privacy 178</p> <p>12.4.3 Employee Error 179</p> <p>12.4.4 Failure of Processes, Systems, and Policies 180</p> <p>12.4.5 Reputational Risk 181</p> <p>12.4.6 External Risk 183</p> <p>12.5 Cybercrime in the Public Sector 183</p> <p>12.6 Prevention of Cybercrime and Protection from It 186</p> <p>12.6.1 Air Gapping 186</p> <p>12.6.2 Supply Chain Vulnerability 186</p> <p>12.6.3 Impact on Insurance Coverage 187</p> <p>12.7 The Use of AI in Managing Risk 187</p> <p>12.8 Conclusion 188</p> <p>12.9 Notes 189</p> <p><b>Chapter 13</b></p> <p>Implementation – Leadership and Management 191</p> <p>13.1 Introduction 191</p> <p>13.2 Leadership 192</p> <p>13.2.1 Transfer of Private Sector Leaders to the Public Sector 195</p> <p>13.3 Leaders or Managers? 196</p> <p>13.4 Managing the Mission 197</p> <p>13.4.1 Creating the Mission 197</p> <p>13.4.2 Prioritization: Where to Start? 198</p> <p>13.4.3 Communicating the Mission Statement 199</p> <p>13.5 Management of Resources 201</p> <p>13.5.1 Technical versus Traditional 201</p> <p>13.5.2 Specialist versus Generalist 201</p> <p>13.5.3 Training and Education 202</p> <p>13.6 Management of Key Stakeholders 204</p> <p>13.6.1 Worker Representation and Trade Unions 205</p> <p>13.6.2 US Policy Recommendations 207</p> <p>13.6.3 German Policy Recommendations 208</p> <p>13.6.4 “Dignity at Work” and Working from Home 209</p> <p>13.7 Conclusion 211</p> <p>13.8 Notes 211</p> <p><b>Chapter 14</b></p> <p>Further Implementation Issues 213</p> <p>14.1 Introduction 213</p> <p>14.2 A Theoretical Approach to Change 213</p> <p>14.3 Managing the Problem of Bias 217</p> <p>14.3.1 Data Exclusion from Marginalized Communities 219</p> <p>14.3.2 Locational Data Issues 220</p> <p>14.4 Operational Considerations 220</p> <p>14.4.1 Piloting and Test Running the System 220</p> <p>14.4.2 Measuring Benefit 221</p> <p>14.4.3 Independent Review 222</p> <p>14.5 Outsourcing, Partnering, and Supply Chain Management 222</p> <p>14.6 The Concept of “Nudge” 226</p> <p>14.7 Global Considerations 228</p> <p>14.8 Conclusion 231</p> <p>14.9 Notes 232</p> <p><b>Chapter 15</b></p> <p>Conclusion 233</p> <p>15.1 Reflections 233</p> <p>15.2 AI and the Real Pace of Change 234</p> <p>15.3 Measuring ROI – More Art Than Science? 235</p> <p>15.4 AI and Stimulation of Wider Reforms 236</p> <p>15.5 The Role of Government in Public Sector Transformation 237</p> <p>15.6 Moving the Goalposts 238</p> <p>15.7 Notes 239</p> <p>Appendix A: The Seven Principles of Public Life 241</p> <p>Appendix B: Transformation Roadmap for Public Services 243</p> <p>Appendix C: List of Tables 245</p> <p>Appendix D: List of Figures 247</p> <p>Index 249</p>

<P><b>TONY BOOBIER</b> is an independent consultant and former IBM worldwide executive with over 30 years’ experience in the fields of financial services, business intelligence, and analytics. He holds professional qualifications in engineering, marketing, supply chain management, and insurance.</p>

<p><b>Transforming public service delivery with the latest technology</b></p> <p><i>AI and the Future of the Public Sector: The Creation of Public Sector 4.0</i> offers readers a fascinating and practical exploration of the impact of cutting-edge technologies on service delivery in the public sector. Tony Boobier delivers compelling discussions of Big Data solutions to age-old government service issues, including inefficiency, communications, and budget forecast inaccuracy.</p> <p>This book provides coverage of how data and analytics have already begun to transform—and will continue to revolutionize—how governments around the globe offer services to their citizens. From healthcare digitization to rolling financial forecasts, <i>AI and the Future of the Public Sector</i> examines the philosophical, ethical, and technical issues that arise when the state gets its hands on powerful new technologies.</p> <p>A can't-miss handbook for public sector employees, managers, and policy makers, this book presents modern solutions to age-old problems in government service delivery. It is a vital addition to the libraries of students, researchers, and public servants interested in transforming public services for the better.</p> <p>WHAT EXPERTS SAY ABOUT</p> <p><b>AI AND THE FUTURE OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR</b></p> <p>"Tony tackles a subject that most seem to want to leave on the side. To do so is now at your own peril. The analysis of the depth and breadth of AI in the public sector and the economics of it all is second to none. This is like the tell-all that we really need to solve the problems and challenges of policy today and more importantly, tomorrow. Hang on for the ride as Tony takes you on one of the most comprehensive journeys into the heart of change and how AI will confront this challenge that affects us all."<br />—<b>DOYLE BUEHLER,</b> 'The Strategy Sherpa', author and Transformation expert</p> <p>"AI is a key enabler of technology and process automatization across industries and the public services are not an exception. However, ensuring the right applicability and adaptability to these changes can be hard and with the increase in usage of AI, the potential for errors and harm will increase. This book will lead you in the way of creating a trustworthy journey to AI when it comes to the public services. I totally recommend it."<br />—<b>MIGUEL MACHADO,</b> CEO & Co-Founder, The Keenfolks</p> <p>"This is a unique book written by widely acclaimed author Tony Boobier covering a wide spectrum of industries using Artificial Intelligence and its applications. Building up on the base of Key Facilitators in Data Science, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. The range of topics and the related content covered on various Industries in the Public Services area is comprehensive. A truly in-depth study of the multiple applications of AI for the common public with a global perspective. It's a must-read book for anyone who wants to understand how AI and its cutting-edge tools and technologies are applicable to the common public across the world, with a balanced standpoint on the challenges and risks involved."<br />—<b>PRABAL GOPE</b>, Technology professional, Mumbai, India</p> <p>"Informative and apt in the current scenario. Readers will surely gain highly from this book."<br />—<b>SHALINI RAO</b>, Founder, The Innovation Brand</p>

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