Details

The Explosion of Life Forms


The Explosion of Life Forms

Living Beings and Morphology
1. Aufl.

von: Georges Chapouthier, Marie-Christine Maurel

139,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 11.03.2021
ISBN/EAN: 9781119818434
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 256

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Beschreibungen

One of the essential characteristics of living beings is the explosion of variety in their forms that is intrinsically linked to the diversity of the environments they have adapted to. <p>This book, the result of collaboration between international specialists, analyzes the multiplicity of these morphologies. It explores the origin of forms, their role in defining living things, and the relationship between form and function. It exposes the role of genes and epigenetics and examines the forms of bacteria, protists and plants. The Explosion of Life Forms also studies the memory of animals and their sensory processes, the forms of robots (built in the image of living things), and medical technologies aimed at restoring damaged living forms. Finally, this work questions a common principle of construction in the diversity of forms, as well as the idea of an abandonment of the form, a possible hidden defect of some modern philosophies.
<p>Introduction xi<br /><i>Georges CHAPOUTHIER and Marie-Christine MAUREL</i></p> <p><b>Chapter 1. Possible Traces and Clues of Early Life Forms </b><b>1<br /></b><i>Marie-Christine MAUREL</i></p> <p>1.1. Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2. Have “things” always been as they are today? 2</p> <p>1.3. Fossil traces? 4</p> <p>1.4. Geochemical elements confirming these recent results 6</p> <p>1.5. Compartmentalization of resources and primary biomass 9</p> <p>1.6. Rebuilding a living cell: a wide range of possibilities explored, from the mineral to the organic 12</p> <p>1.7. Conclusion 13</p> <p>1.8. Acknowledgments 14</p> <p>1.9. References 14</p> <p><b>Chapter 2. The Nature of Life </b><b>19<br /></b><i>Andreas LOSCH</i></p> <p>2.1. Observations and assumptions 20</p> <p>2.2. Descriptions and definitions 21</p> <p>2.3. Exploration 23</p> <p>2.4. Conclusion 25</p> <p>2.5. References 26</p> <p><b>Chapter 3. From Form to Function </b><b>29<br /></b><i>Jean-Pierre GASC</i></p> <p>3.1. Form: a concept for knowledge 29</p> <p>3.2. Basic structural elements: from the molecule to the cell 31</p> <p>3.3. The weight of the physical setting 34</p> <p>3.4. Mesoderm: base material for architect genes 35</p> <p>3.5. Appendices and laws of mechanics 37</p> <p>3.6. “Appendicular” movement on land 40</p> <p>3.7. The legless 44</p> <p>3.8. And the head 44</p> <p>3.9. References 47</p> <p><b>Chapter 4. <i>On Growth and Form</i>: Context and Purpose </b><b>51<br /></b><i>Jean-Pierre GASC</i></p> <p>4.1. D’Arcy Thompson’s program 54</p> <p>4.2. Application of mathematics to morphometry 59</p> <p>4.3. References 61</p> <p><b>Chapter 5. The Emergence of Form in the History of Epigenetics </b><b>65<br /></b><i>Jonathan B. WEITZMAN</i></p> <p>5.1. Introduction 65</p> <p>5.2. From epigenesis to epigenetics 66</p> <p>5.3. The evolution of the epigenetic landscape 68</p> <p>5.4. Modernizing the epigenetic landscape 70</p> <p>5.5. From epigenetic landscape to chromosome conformation 72</p> <p>5.6. Conclusion: from form to function 75</p> <p>5.7. Acknowledgments 76</p> <p>5.8. References 76</p> <p><b>Chapter 6. The Many Shapes of Microbial Detection of Kin and Kind </b><b>79<br /></b><i>Guillermo PAZ-Y-MIÑO-C and Avelina ESPINOSA</i></p> <p>6.1. From Darwin’s social-insects-puzzle to microbes 80</p> <p>6.2. Handshakes of kinship or “kindship” in bacteria 81</p> <p>6.3. The ameba world of clone discrimination/recognition 85</p> <p>6.4. Social microbes and multicellularity 88</p> <p>6.5. Conclusion 95</p> <p>6.6. References 95</p> <p><b>Chapter 7. Development and Evolution of Plant Forms </b><b>101<br /></b><i>Florian JABBOUR and Guilhem MANSION</i></p> <p>7.1. Introduction 101</p> <p>7.2. Diversity of plant forms and associated functions 102</p> <p>7.2.1. Anthropocentric view of plant forms 102</p> <p>7.2.2. Plant forms perceived by pollinators 103</p> <p>7.3. Origin and evolution of plant forms 104</p> <p>7.3.1. Pattern formation during ontogenesis 104</p> <p>7.3.2. Physical-mathematical considerations on plant morphogenesis 105</p> <p>7.3.3. Implementation of forms during phylogenesis 107</p> <p>7.4. Origin and evolution of plant forms 112</p> <p>7.4.1. Usefulness for human societies 112</p> <p>7.4.2. Usefulness for botanical classifiers 114</p> <p>7.5. Conclusion 118</p> <p>7.6. Acknowledgements 118</p> <p>7.7. References 118</p> <p><b>Chapter 8. Forms of Memory </b><b>125<br /></b><i>Robert JAFFARD</i></p> <p>8.1. Introduction 125</p> <p>8.2. The polymorphism of memory 126</p> <p>8.3. Non-associative memories 127</p> <p>8.3.1. Habituation and sensitization 127</p> <p>8.3.2. Priming 129</p> <p>8.3.3. Perceptual learning 130</p> <p>8.4. Classical conditioning 131</p> <p>8.4.1. Operational definition, rules and varieties of classical conditioning 131</p> <p>8.4.2. Contemporary theory of classical conditioning 132</p> <p>8.4.3. The importance of classical conditioning 133</p> <p>8.5. Instrumental conditioning 134</p> <p>8.5.1. Law of effect, stimulus-response (S-R) theory and “habits” 134</p> <p>8.5.2. From S-R theory to cognitive theories 135</p> <p>8.5.3. The two facets of instrumental conditioning 136</p> <p>8.6. Procedural memory as a “memory system” 137</p> <p>8.6.1. Habits: double functional dissociations in mammals 137</p> <p>8.6.2. Human procedural memory and its cerebral supports 139</p> <p>8.7. Declarative memory 140</p> <p>8.7.1. Episodic and semantic memory: definitions, properties and relationships 141</p> <p>8.7.2. Episodic memory in animals? 143</p> <p>8.8. Short-term memory and working memory 144</p> <p>8.8.1. General characteristics 144</p> <p>8.8.2. Models 144</p> <p>8.8.3. Short-term memory in animals 146</p> <p>8.8.4. Cerebral substrates 147</p> <p>8.9. Conclusion: organization and reconfiguration of the different forms of memory 147</p> <p>8.10. References 150</p> <p><b>Chapter 9. The Construction of Sensory Universes </b><b>155<br /></b><i>Dalila BOVET</i></p> <p>9.1. Introduction 155</p> <p>9.2. Chemoreception 156</p> <p>9.2.1. Taste 156</p> <p>9.2.2. Smell 158</p> <p>9.3. Mechanoreception 159</p> <p>9.3.1. Touch 160</p> <p>9.3.2. Lateral lines 160</p> <p>9.3.3. Hearing 161</p> <p>9.4. Electromagnetoreception 163</p> <p>9.4.1. Vision 163</p> <p>9.4.2. Electroreception 165</p> <p>9.4.3. Magnetoreception 166</p> <p>9.4.4. Thermoreception 167</p> <p>9.5. Information filtering 167</p> <p>9.6. Conclusion 170</p> <p>9.7. References 172</p> <p><b>Chapter 10. Emotional and Social Forms of Robots </b><b>173<br /></b><i>Laurence DEVILLERS</i></p> <p>10.1. Introduction 173</p> <p>10.2. Communication with social and emotional robots 175</p> <p>10.3. Human empathy for machines 176</p> <p>10.4. Machine emotions 178</p> <p>10.5. Conclusion: risks and benefits 180</p> <p>10.6. References 181</p> <p><b>Chapter 11. When Medical Technology Mimics Living Forms </b><b>183<br /></b><i>Didier FASS</i></p> <p>11.1. Introduction 183</p> <p>11.2. Historical and epistemological perspective 184</p> <p>11.2.1. A comparative history of medical technology 184</p> <p>11.2.2. Epistemological perspective 189</p> <p>11.2.3. A conceptual and theoretical framework: the mathematical theory of integrative physiology (MTIP) by Gilbert Chauvet 193</p> <p>11.2.4. Forms of thinking or processing by machines 196</p> <p>11.3. Simulation, biomimetics and bioprinting: a future for medical technology 196</p> <p>11.4. References 199</p> <p><b>Chapter 12. From Living to Thinking: Mosaic Architecture </b><b>203<br /></b><i>Georges CHAPOUTHIER</i></p> <p>12.1. Introduction 203</p> <p>12.2. Two main principles 203</p> <p>12.3. Genes and cells 204</p> <p>12.4. More complex anatomical mosaics 206</p> <p>12.5. Epistemological rehabilitation of asexual reproduction 207</p> <p>12.6. Social mosaics 208</p> <p>12.7. Encephalic mosaics 208</p> <p>12.8. Mosaics of thought 210</p> <p>12.9. Man-made objects 213</p> <p>12.10. Human and animal cultural traits 214</p> <p>12.11. A universality of mosaics? 215</p> <p>12.12. Conclusion: philosophical foundations 216</p> <p>12.13. References 217</p> <p><b>Chapter 13. Converging Technologies or Paradoxes of Power </b><b>221<br /></b><i>Jean-Michel BESNIER</i></p> <p>13.1. Introduction 221</p> <p>13.2. Might, domination, power 223</p> <p>13.3. Life, technique, power 224</p> <p>13.4. “Technological arrogance” 227</p> <p>13.5. Technological convergence and singularity 228</p> <p>13.6. Innovation, research, invention 230</p> <p>13.7. Conclusion 231</p> <p>13.8. References 231</p> <p>List of Authors 233</p> <p>Index 235</p>
<p><b>Georges Chapouthier</b> is a biologist, philosopher and Emeritus Director of Research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) in France. His research interests focus on animals and the brain. <p><b>Marie-Christine Maurel</b> is a Professor at Sorbonne University and a researcher at the Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite laboratory at the National Museum of Natural History in France. Her research interests focus on the origins of life, RNA, viroids and molecular archeobiology.

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