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<p>Preface xvii</p> <p><b>1 Introduction to the Internet of Things: Opportunities, Perspectives and Challenges 1<br /> </b><i>F. Leo John, D. Lakshmi and Manideep Kuncharam</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 2</p> <p>1.1.1 The IOT Data Sources 4</p> <p>1.1.2 IOT Revolution 6</p> <p>1.2 IOT Platform 8</p> <p>1.3 IOT Layers and its Protocols 10</p> <p>1.4 Architecture and Future Problems for IOT Protection 27</p> <p>1.5 Conclusion 32</p> <p>References 32</p> <p><b>2 Role of Battery Management System in IoT Devices 35<br /> </b><i>R. Deepa, K. Mohanraj, N. Balaji and P. Ramesh Kumar</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 36</p> <p>2.1.1 Types of Lithium Batteries 36</p> <p>2.1.1.1 Lithium Battery (LR) 37</p> <p>2.1.1.2 Button Type Lithium Battery (BLB) 37</p> <p>2.1.1.3 Coin Type Lithium Battery (CLB) 37</p> <p>2.1.1.4 Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) 37</p> <p>2.1.1.5 Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery (LIP) 37</p> <p>2.1.1.6 Lithium Cobalt Battery (LCB) 38</p> <p>2.1.1.7 Lithium Manganese Battery (LMB) 38</p> <p>2.1.1.8 Lithium Phosphate Battery (LPB) 38</p> <p>2.1.1.9 Lithium Titanate Battery (LTB) 38</p> <p>2.1.2 Selection of the Battery 38</p> <p>2.1.2.1 Nominal Voltage 39</p> <p>2.1.2.2 Operating Time 39</p> <p>2.1.2.3 Time for Recharge and Discharge 39</p> <p>2.1.2.4 Cut Off Voltage 39</p> <p>2.1.2.5 Physical Dimension 39</p> <p>2.1.2.6 Environmental Conditions 40</p> <p>2.1.2.7 Total Cost 40</p> <p>2.2 Internet of Things 41</p> <p>2.2.1 IoT – Battery Market 43</p> <p>2.2.2 IoT - Battery Marketing Strategy 44</p> <p>2.2.2.1 Based on the Type 44</p> <p>2.2.2.2 Based on the Rechargeability 45</p> <p>2.2.2.3 Based on the Region 45</p> <p>2.2.2.4 Based on the Application 45</p> <p>2.3 Power of IoT Devices in Battery Management System 45</p> <p>2.3.1 Power Management 46</p> <p>2.3.2 Energy Harvesting 47</p> <p>2.3.3 Piezo-Mechanical Harvesting 48</p> <p>2.3.4 Batteries Access to IoT Pioneers 49</p> <p>2.3.5 Factors for Powering IoT Devices 49</p> <p>2.3.5.1 Temperature 50</p> <p>2.3.5.2 Environmental Factors 50</p> <p>2.3.5.3 Power Budget 50</p> <p>2.3.5.4 Form Factor 51</p> <p>2.3.5.5 Status of the Battery 51</p> <p>2.3.5.6 Shipment 52</p> <p>2.4 Battery Life Estimation of IoT Devices 52</p> <p>2.4.1 Factors Affecting the Battery Life of IoT Devices 53</p> <p>2.4.2 Battery Life Calculator 53</p> <p>2.4.3 Sleep Modes of IoT Processors 55</p> <p>2.4.3.1 No Sleep 55</p> <p>2.4.3.2 Modem Sleep 55</p> <p>2.4.3.3 Light Sleep 55</p> <p>2.4.3.4 Deep Sleep 56</p> <p>2.4.4 Core Current Consumption 56</p> <p>2.4.5 Peripheral Current Consumption 59</p> <p>2.5 IoT Networking Technologies 59</p> <p>2.5.1 Selection of an IoT Sensor 60</p> <p>2.5.2 IoT - Battery Technologies 60</p> <p>2.5.3 Battery Specifications 61</p> <p>2.5.4 Battery Shelf Life 62</p> <p>2.6 Conclusion 62</p> <p>References 63</p> <p><b>3 Smart Grid - Overview, Challenges and Security Issues 67<br /> </b><i>C. N. Vanitha, Malathy S. and S.A. Krishna</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction to the Chapter 68</p> <p>3.2 Smart Grid and Its Uses 69</p> <p>3.3 The Grid as it Stands-What’s at Risk? 72</p> <p>3.3.1 Reliability 73</p> <p>3.3.2 Efficiency 73</p> <p>3.3.3 Security 74</p> <p>3.3.4 National Economy 74</p> <p>3.4 Creating the Platform for Smart Grid 75</p> <p>3.4.1 Consider the ATM 76</p> <p>3.5 Smart Grid in Power Plants 77</p> <p>3.5.1 Distributed Power Flow Control 78</p> <p>3.5.2 Power System Automation 79</p> <p>3.5.3 IT Companies Disrupting the Energy Market 79</p> <p>3.6 Google in Smart Grid 80</p> <p>3.7 Smart Grid in Electric Cars 81</p> <p>3.7.1 Vehicle-to-Grid 82</p> <p>3.7.2 Challenges in Smart Grid Electric Cars 83</p> <p>3.7.3 Toyota and Microsoft in Smart Electric Cars 84</p> <p>3.8 Revisit the Risk 85</p> <p>3.8.1 Reliability 85</p> <p>3.8.2 Efficiency 86</p> <p>3.8.3 Security 87</p> <p>3.8.4 National Economy 88</p> <p>3.9 Summary 88</p> <p>References 88</p> <p><b>4 IoT-Based Energy Management Strategies in Smart Grid 91<br /> </b><i>Seyed Ehsan Ahmadi and Sina Delpasand</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 92</p> <p>4.2 Application of IoT for Energy Management in Smart Grids 93</p> <p>4.3 Energy Management System 94</p> <p>4.3.1 Objectives of EMS 94</p> <p>4.3.2 Control Frameworks of EMS 95</p> <p>4.3.2.1 Centralized Approach 96</p> <p>4.3.2.2 Decentralized Approach 97</p> <p>4.3.2.3 Hierarchical Approach 97</p> <p>4.4 Types of EMS at Smart Grid 98</p> <p>4.4.1 Smart Home EMS 99</p> <p>4.4.2 Smart Building EMS 100</p> <p>4.5 Participants of EMS 103</p> <p>4.5.1 Network Operator 104</p> <p>4.5.2 Data and Communication Technologies 105</p> <p>4.5.3 Aggregators 107</p> <p>4.6 DER Scheduling 108</p> <p>4.7 Important Factors for EMS Establishment 111</p> <p>4.7.1 Uncertainty Modeling and Management Methods 111</p> <p>4.7.2 Power Quality Management 112</p> <p>4.7.3 DSM and DR Programs 114</p> <p>4.8 Optimization Approaches for EMS 115</p> <p>4.8.1 Mathematical Approaches 117</p> <p>4.8.2 Heuristic Approaches 118</p> <p>4.8.3 Metaheuristic Approaches 119</p> <p>4.8.4 Other Programming Approaches 119</p> <p>4.9 Conclusion 121</p> <p>References 121</p> <p><b>5 Integrated Architecture for IoTSG: Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Grid (SG) 127<br /> </b><i>Malathy S., K. Sangeetha, C. N. Vanitha and Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 128</p> <p>5.1.1 Designing of IoT Architecture 129</p> <p>5.1.2 IoT Characteristics 132</p> <p>5.2 Introduction to Smart Grid 134</p> <p>5.2.1 Smart Grid Technologies (SGT) 136</p> <p>5.3 Integrated Architecture of IoT and Smart Grid 138</p> <p>5.3.1 Safety Concerns 140</p> <p>5.3.2 Security Issues 142</p> <p>5.4 Smart Grid Security Services Based on IoT 143</p> <p>References 154</p> <p><b>6 Exploration of Assorted Modernizations in Forecasting Renewable Energy Using Low Power Wireless Technologies for IoTSG 157<br /> </b><i>Logeswaran K., Suresh P., Ponselvakumar A.P., Savitha S., Sentamilselvan K. and Adhithyaa N.</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction to the Chapter 158</p> <p>6.1.1 Fossil Fuels and Conventional Grid 158</p> <p>6.1.2 Renewable Energy and Smart Grid 160</p> <p>6.2 Intangible Architecture of Smart Grid (SG) 161</p> <p>6.3 Internet of Things (IoT) 164</p> <p>6.4 Renewable Energy Source (RES)- Key Technology for SG 167</p> <p>6.4.1 Renewable Energy: Basic Concepts and Readiness 167</p> <p>6.4.2 Natural Sources of Renewable Energy 169</p> <p>6.4.3 Major Issues in Following RES to SG 173</p> <p>6.4.4 Integration of RES with SG 176</p> <p>6.4.5 SG Renewable Energy Management Facilitated by IoT 177</p> <p>6.4.6 Case Studies on Smart Grid: Renewable Energy Perception 180</p> <p>6.5 Low Power Wireless Technologies for IoTSG 181</p> <p>6.5.1 Role of IoT in SG 181</p> <p>6.5.2 Innovations in Low Power Wireless Technologies 182</p> <p>6.5.3 Wireless Communication Technologies for IoTSG 183</p> <p>6.5.4 Case Studies on Low Power Wireless Technologies Used in IoTSG 186</p> <p>6.6 Conclusion 188</p> <p>References 188</p> <p><b>7 Effective Load Balance in IOTSG with Various Machine Learning Techniques 193<br /> </b><i>Thenmozhi K., Pyingkodi M. and Kanimozhi K.</i></p> <p>I. Introduction 194</p> <p>II. IoT in Big Data 195</p> <p>III. IoT in Machine Learning 197</p> <p>IV. Machine Learning Methods in IoT 199</p> <p>V. IoT with SG 200</p> <p>VI. Deep Learning with IoT 201</p> <p>VII. Challenges in IoT for SG 202</p> <p>VIII. IoT Applications for SG 202</p> <p>IX. Application of IoT in Various Domain 204</p> <p>X. Conclusion 205</p> <p>References 206</p> <p><b>8 Fault and Delay Tolerant IoT Smart Grid 207<br /> </b><i>K. Sangeetha and P. Vishnu Raja</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 207</p> <p>8.1.1 The Structures of the Intelligent Network 209</p> <p>8.1.1.1 Operational Competence 209</p> <p>8.1.1.2 Energy Efficiency 209</p> <p>8.1.1.3 Flexibility in Network Topology 210</p> <p>8.1.1.4 Reliability 210</p> <p>8.1.2 Need for Smart Grid 210</p> <p>8.1.3 Motivation for Enabling Delay Tolerant IoT 211</p> <p>8.1.4 IoT-Enabled Smart Grid 211</p> <p>8.2 Architecture 212</p> <p>8.3 Opportunities and Challenges in Delay Tolerant Network for the Internet of Things 215</p> <p>8.3.1 Design Goals 215</p> <p>8.4 Energy Efficient IoT Enabled Smart Grid 219</p> <p>8.5 Security in DTN IoT Smart Grid 220</p> <p>8.5.1 Safety Problems 220</p> <p>8.5.2 Safety Works for the Internet of Things-Based Intelligent Network 221</p> <p>8.5.3 Security Standards for the Smart Grid 222</p> <p>8.5.3.1 The Design Offered by NIST 222</p> <p>8.5.3.2 The Design Planned by IEEE 222</p> <p>8.6 Applications of DTN IoT Smart Grid 224</p> <p>8.6.1 Household Energy Management in Smart Grids 224</p> <p>8.6.2 Data Organization System for Rechargeable Vehicles 224</p> <p>8.6.3 Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) 225</p> <p>8.6.4 Energy Organization 226</p> <p>8.6.5 Transmission Tower Protection 226</p> <p>8.6.6 Online Monitoring of Power Broadcast Lines 227</p> <p>8.7 Conclusion 227</p> <p>References 228</p> <p><b>9 Significance of Block Chain in IoTSG - A Prominent and Reliable Solution 235<br /> </b><i>S. Vinothkumar, S. Varadhaganapathy, R. Shanthakumari and M. Ramalingam</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 236</p> <p>9.2 Trustful Difficulties with Monetary Communications for IoT Forum 239</p> <p>9.3 Privacy in Blockchain Related Work 242</p> <p>9.4 Initial Preparations 244</p> <p>9.4.1 Blockchain Overview 244</p> <p>9.4.2 k-Anonymity 246</p> <p>9.4.2.1 Degree of Anonymity 246</p> <p>9.4.2.2 Data Forfeiture 247</p> <p>9.5 In the IoT Power and Service Markets, Reliable Transactions and Billing 248</p> <p>9.5.1 Connector or Bridge 250</p> <p>9.5.2 Group of Credit-Sharing 251</p> <p>9.5.3 Local Block 251</p> <p>9.6 Potential Applications and Use Cases 253</p> <p>9.6.1 Utilities and Energy 253</p> <p>9.6.2 Charging of Electric Vehicles 253</p> <p>9.6.3 Credit Transfer 254</p> <p>9.7 Proposed Work Execution 254</p> <p>9.7.1 Creating the Group of Energy Sharing 255</p> <p>9.7.2 Handling of Transaction 255</p> <p>9.8 Investigation of Secrecy and Trustworthy 259</p> <p>9.8.1 Trustworthy 259</p> <p>9.8.2 Privacy-Protection 260</p> <p>9.8.2.1 Degree of Confidentiality 261</p> <p>9.8.2.2 Data Forfeiture 263</p> <p>9.8.3 Evaluation of Results 265</p> <p>9.9 Conclusion 267</p> <p>References 267</p> <p><b>10 IoTSG in Maintenance Management 273<br /> </b><i>T.C. Kalaiselvi and C.N. Vanitha</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction to the Chapter 274</p> <p>10.2 IoT in Smart Grid 276</p> <p>10.2.1 Uses and Facilities in SG 278</p> <p>10.2.2 Architectures in SG 280</p> <p>10.3 IoT in the Generation Level, Transmission Level, Distribution Level 288</p> <p>10.4 Challenges and Future Research Directions in SG 295</p> <p>10.5 Components for Predictive Management 296</p> <p>10.6 Data Management and Infrastructure of IoT for Predictive Management 298</p> <p>10.6.1 PHM Algorithms for Predictive Management 303</p> <p>10.6.2 Decision Making with Predictive Management 305</p> <p>10.7 Research Challenges in the Maintenance of Internet of Things 310</p> <p>10.8 Summary 315</p> <p>References 315</p> <p><b>11 Intelligent Home Appliance Energy Monitoring with IoT 319<br /> </b><i>S. Tamilselvan, D. Deepa, C. Poongodi, P. Thangavel and Sarumathi Murali</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 320</p> <p>11.2 Survey on Energy Monitoring 320</p> <p>11.3 Internet of Things System Architecture 322</p> <p>11.4 Proposed Energy Monitoring System with IoT 323</p> <p>11.5 Energy Management Structure (Proposed) 324</p> <p>11.6 Implementation of the System 325</p> <p>11.6.1 Implementation of IoT Board 325</p> <p>11.6.2 Software Implementation 325</p> <p>11.7 Smart Home Automation Forecasts 326</p> <p>11.7.1 Energy Measurement 326</p> <p>11.7.2 Periodically Updating the Status in the Cloud 327</p> <p>11.7.3 Irregularity Detection 328</p> <p>11.7.4 Finding the Problems with the Device 328</p> <p>11.7.5 Indicating the House Owner About the Issues 329</p> <p>11.7.6 Suggestions for Remedial Actions 329</p> <p>11.8 Energy Reduction Based on IoT 330</p> <p>11.8.1 House Energy Consumption (HEC) - Cost Saving 330</p> <p>11.9 Performance Evaluation 330</p> <p>11.9.1 Data Analytics and Visualization 330</p> <p>11.10 Benefits for Different User Categories 332</p> <p>11.11 Results and Discussion with Benefits of User Categories 332</p> <p>11.12 Summary 334</p> <p>References 334</p> <p><b>12 Applications of IoTSG in Smart Industrial Monitoring Environments 339<br /> </b><i>Mohanasundaram T., Vetrivel S.C., and Krishnamoorthy V.</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 340</p> <p>12.2 Energy Management 342</p> <p>12.3 Role of IoT and Smart Grid in the Banking Industry 345</p> <p>12.3.1 Application of IoT in the Banking Sector 346</p> <p>12.3.1.1 Customer Relationship Management (crm) 347</p> <p>12.3.1.2 Loan Sanctions 348</p> <p>12.3.1.3 Customer Service 348</p> <p>12.3.1.4 Leasing Finance Automation 348</p> <p>12.3.1.5 Capacity Management 348</p> <p>12.3.2 Application of Smart Grid in the Banking Sector 349</p> <p>12.4 Role of IoT and Smart Grid in the Automobile Industry 349</p> <p>12.4.1 Application of IoT in the Automobile Industry 350</p> <p>12.4.1.1 What Exactly is the Internet of Things (IoT) Mean to the Automobile Sector? 350</p> <p>12.4.1.2 Transportation and Logistics 351</p> <p>12.4.1.3 Connected Cars 351</p> <p>12.4.1.4 Fleet Management 352</p> <p>12.4.2 Application of Smart Grid (SG) in the Automobile Industry 354</p> <p>12.4.2.1 Smart Grid Can Change the Face of the Automobile Industry 355</p> <p>12.4.2.2 Smart Grid and Energy Efficient Mobility System 357</p> <p>12.5 Role of IoT and SG in Healthcare Industry 357</p> <p>12.5.1 Applications of IoT in Healthcare Sector 358</p> <p>12.5.2 Application of Smart Grid (SG) in Health Care Sector 360</p> <p>12.6 IoT and Smart Grid in Energy Management - A Way Forward 360</p> <p>12.7 Conclusion 362</p> <p>References 363</p> <p><b>13 Solar Energy Forecasting for Devices in IoT Smart Grid 365<br /> </b><i>K. Tamil Selvi, S. Mohana Saranya and R. Thamilselvan</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 366</p> <p>13.2 Role of IoT in Smart Grid 368</p> <p>13.3 Clear Sky Models 370</p> <p>13.3.1 REST2 Model 370</p> <p>13.3.2 Kasten Model 370</p> <p>13.3.3 Polynomial Fit 371</p> <p>13.4 Persistence Forecasts 372</p> <p>13.5 Regressive Methods 373</p> <p>13.5.1 Auto-Regressive Model 373</p> <p>13.5.2 Moving Average Model 373</p> <p>13.5.3 Mixed Auto Regressive Moving Average Model 373</p> <p>13.5.4 Mixed Auto Regressive Moving Average Model with Exogeneous Variables 374</p> <p>13.6 Non-Linear Stationary Models 374</p> <p>13.7 Linear Non-Stationary Models 376</p> <p>13.7.1 Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Models 376</p> <p>13.7.2 Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model with Exogenous Variables 376</p> <p>13.8 Artificial Intelligence Techniques 377</p> <p>13.8.1 Artificial Neural Network 377</p> <p>13.8.2 Multi-Layer Perceptron 377</p> <p>13.8.3 Deep Learning Model 380</p> <p>13.8.3.1 Stacked Auto-Encoder 381</p> <p>13.8.3.2 Deep Belief Network 382</p> <p>13.8.3.3 Deep Recurrent Neural Network 383</p> <p>13.8.3.4 Deep Convolutional Neural Network 384</p> <p>13.8.3.5 Stacked Extreme Learning Machine 386</p> <p>13.8.3.6 Generative Adversarial Network 386</p> <p>13.8.3.7 Comparison of Deep Learning Models for Solar Energy Forecast 387</p> <p>13.9 Remote Sensing Model 389</p> <p>13.10 Hybrid Models 389</p> <p>13.11 Performance Metrics for Forecasting Techniques 390</p> <p>13.12 Conclusion 391</p> <p>References 392</p> <p><b>14 Utilization of Wireless Technologies in IoTSG for Energy Monitoring in Smart Devices 395<br /> </b><i>S. Suresh Kumar, A. Prakash, O. Vignesh and M. Yogesh Iggalore</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction to Internet of Things 396</p> <p>14.2 IoT Working Principle 397</p> <p>14.3 Benefits of IoT 398</p> <p>14.4 IoT Applications 399</p> <p>14.5 Introduction to Smart Home 399</p> <p>14.5.1 Benefits of Smart Homes 400</p> <p>14.6 Problem Statement 401</p> <p>14.6.1 Methodology 401</p> <p>14.7 Introduction to Wireless Communication 402</p> <p>14.7.1 Merits of Wireless 402</p> <p>14.8 How Modbus Communication Works 403</p> <p>14.8.1 Rules for Modbus Addressing 404</p> <p>14.8.2 Modbus Framework Description 404</p> <p>14.8.2.1 Function Code 404</p> <p>14.8.2.2 Cyclic Redundancy Check 405</p> <p>14.8.2.3 Data Storage in Modbus 405</p> <p>14.9 MQTT Protocol 406</p> <p>14.9.1 Pub/Sub Architecture 406</p> <p>14.9.2 MQTT Client Broker Communication 407</p> <p>14.9.3 MQTT Standard Header Packet 407</p> <p>14.9.3.1 Fixed Header 408</p> <p>14.10 System Architecture 408</p> <p>14.11 IoT Based Electronic Energy Meter-eNtroL 410</p> <p>14.11.1 Components Used in eNtroL 411</p> <p>14.11.2 PZEM-004t Energy Meter 411</p> <p>14.11.3 Wi-Fi Module 412</p> <p>14.11.4 Switching Device 413</p> <p>14.11.5 230V AC to 5V Dc Converter 414</p> <p>14.11.6 LM1117 IC- 5V to 3.3V Converter 414</p> <p>14.12 AC Control System for Home Appliances – Switch2Smart 415</p> <p>14.12.1 Opto-Coupler- H11AA1 IC 415</p> <p>14.12.2 TRIAC Driven Opto Isolator- MOC3021M IC 416</p> <p>14.12.3 Triac, Bt136-600 Ic 416</p> <p>14.13 Scheduling Home Appliance Using Timer – Switch Binary 417</p> <p>14.14 Hardware Design 418</p> <p>14.14.1 Kaicad Overview 418</p> <p>14.14.2 PCB Designing Using Kaicad 418</p> <p>14.14.2.1 Designing of eNtroL Board Using Kaicad 418</p> <p>14.14.2.2 Designing of Switch2smart Board Using Kaicad 420</p> <p>14.14.2.3 Designing of Switch Binary Board Using Kaicad 421</p> <p>14.15 Implementation of the Proposed System 422</p> <p>14.16 Testing and Results 424</p> <p>14.16.1 Testing of eNtrol 425</p> <p>14.16.2 Testing of Switch2Smart 427</p> <p>14.16.3 Testing of SwitchBinary 428</p> <p>14.17 Conclusion 429</p> <p>References 429</p> <p><b>15 Smart Grid IoT: An Intelligent Energy Management in Emerging Smart Cities 431<br /> </b><i>R. S. Shudapreyaa, G. K. Kamalam, P. Suresh and K. Sentamilselvan</i></p> <p>15.1 Overview of Smart Grid and IoT 432</p> <p>15.1.1 Smart Grid 432</p> <p>15.1.2 Smart Grid Data Properties 434</p> <p>15.1.3 Operations on Smart Grid Data 435</p> <p>15.2 IoT Application in Smart Grid Technologies 436</p> <p>15.2.1 Power Transmission Line - Online Monitoring 436</p> <p>15.2.2 Smart Patrol 437</p> <p>15.2.3 Smart Home Service 437</p> <p>15.2.4 Information System for Electric Vehicle 438</p> <p>15.3 Technical Challenges of Smart Grid 438</p> <p>15.3.1 Inadequacies in Grid Infrastructure 438</p> <p>15.3.2 Cyber Security 439</p> <p>15.3.3 Storage Concerns 439</p> <p>15.3.4 Data Management 440</p> <p>15.3.5 Communication Issues 440</p> <p>15.3.6 Stability Concerns 440</p> <p>15.3.7 Energy Management and Electric Vehicle 440</p> <p>15.4 Energy Efficient Solutions for Smart Cities 441</p> <p>15.4.1 Lightweight Protocols 441</p> <p>15.4.2 Scheduling Optimization 441</p> <p>15.4.3 Energy Consumption 441</p> <p>15.4.4 Cloud Based Approach 441</p> <p>15.4.5 Low Power Transceivers 442</p> <p>15.4.6 Cognitive Management Framework 442</p> <p>15.5 Energy Conservation Based Algorithms 442</p> <p>15.5.1 Genetic Algorithm (GA) 442</p> <p>15.5.2 BFO Algorithm 444</p> <p>15.5.3 BPSO Algorithm 445</p> <p>15.5.4 WDO Algorithm 447</p> <p>15.5.5 GWDO Algorithm 447</p> <p>15.5.6 WBFA Algorithm 450</p> <p>15.6 Conclusion 451</p> <p>References 451</p> <p>Index 455</p>

<p><b>Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, PhD</b>, is a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, IT and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway. He received his PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Bologna, Italy. He has almost ten years of teaching, research and industrial experience and is an associate editor on a number of international scientific refereed journals. He has published more than 750 research papers and has won numerous awards for his research and teaching. <p><b>Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen</b> currently works at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, and is head of the Esbjerg Energy Section. He helped establish the Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering in 2009 and served as the head of the research group. He has served as a technical advisor for many companies in this industry, and he has executed many large-scale European Union and United Nation projects. He has authored more than 300 scientific papers and has participated in over 500 various international conferences. <p><b>Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj</b> is a professor in the School of Computing Science and Engineering at Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India.<BR>He received his PhD in computer science from Anna University, Chennai, India. He has contributed to over 25 books and has 17 patents to his credit. He has also authored over 40 articles and papers in various refereed journals and international conferences. <p><b>Malathy Sathyamoorthy</b> is an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Kongu engineering college. She is pursuing her PhD in wireless sensor networks and has authored or co-authored over 40 papers in refereed journals and book chapters. <p><b>Balamurugan Balusamy</b> is a professor in the School of Computing Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India. He received his PhD in computer science and engineering from VIT University, Vellore, India, and has published over 70 articles in scientific journals.

<p><b>Smart grids and the Internet of Things (IoT) are rapidly changing and complicated subjects that are constantly changing and developing. This new volume addresses the current state-of-the-art concepts and technologies associated with the technologies and covers new ideas and emerging novel technologies and processes.</b> <p>Internet of Things (IoT) is a self-organized network that consists of sensors, software, and devices. The data is exchanged among them with the help of the internet. Smart Grids (SG) is a collection of devices deployed in larger areas to perform continuous monitoring and analysis in that region. It is responsible for balancing the flow of energy between the servers and consumers. SG also takes care of the transmission and distribution power to the components involved. The tracking of the devices present in SG is achieved by the IoT framework. Thus, assimilating IoT and SG will lead to developing solutions for many real-time problems. <p>This exciting new volume covers all of these technologies, including the basic concepts and the problems and solutions involved with the practical applications in the real world. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist, the student, or a manager or other technician working in the field, this volume is a must-have for any library. <p><i>Smart Grids and Internet of Things:</i> <ul><li>Presents Internet of Things (IoT) and smart grid (SG)-integrated frameworks along with their components and technologies</li> <li>Covers the challenges in energy harvesting and sustainable solutions for IoTSGs and their solutions for practical applications</li> <li>Describes and demystifies the privacy and security issues while processing data in IoTSG</li> <li>Includes case studies relating to IoTSG with cloud and fog computing machine learning and blockchain</li></ul>

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