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<p>Introduction to the third edition xi</p> <p>Acknowledgements xiii</p> <p>About the companion website xv</p> <p><b>Chapter 1 The basic principles of photosynthetic energy storage 1</b></p> <p>1.1 What is photosynthesis? 1</p> <p>1.2 Photosynthesis is a solar energy storage process 3</p> <p>1.3 Where photosynthesis takes place 4</p> <p>1.4 The four phases of energy storage in photosynthesis 5</p> <p>References 9</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 Photosynthetic organisms and organelles 11</b></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 11</p> <p>2.2 Classification of life 12</p> <p>2.3 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes 14</p> <p>2.4 Metabolic patterns among living things 15</p> <p>2.5 Phototrophic prokaryotes 16</p> <p>2.6 Photosynthetic eukaryotes 21</p> <p>References 24</p> <p><b>Chapter 3 History and early development of photosynthesis 27</b></p> <p>3.1 Van Helmont and the willow tree 27</p> <p>3.2 Carl Scheele, Joseph Priestley, and the discovery of oxygen 28</p> <p>3.3 Ingenhousz and the role of light in photosynthesis 29</p> <p>3.4 Senebier and the role of carbon dioxide 29</p> <p>3.5 De Saussure and the participation of water 29</p> <p>3.6 The equation of photosynthesis 30</p> <p>3.7 Early mechanistic ideas of photosynthesis 31</p> <p>3.8 The Emerson and Arnold experiments 32</p> <p>3.9 The controversy over the quantum requirement of photosynthesis 35</p> <p>3.10 The red drop and the Emerson enhancement effect 35</p> <p>3.11 Antagonistic effects 37</p> <p>3.12 Early formulations of the Z scheme for photosynthesis 37</p> <p>3.13 ATP formation 39</p> <p>3.14 Carbon fixation 39</p> <p>References 39</p> <p><b>Chapter 4 Photosynthetic pigments: structure and spectroscopy 41</b></p> <p>4.1 Chemical structures and distribution of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls 41</p> <p>4.2 Pheophytins and bacteriopheophytins 47</p> <p>4.3 Chlorophyll biosynthesis 48</p> <p>4.4 Spectroscopic properties of chlorophylls 51</p> <p>4.5 Carotenoids 55</p> <p>4.6 Bilins 58</p> <p>References 59</p> <p><b>Chapter 5 Antenna complexes and energy transfer processes 61</b></p> <p>5.1 General concepts of antennas and a bit of history 61</p> <p>5.2 Why antennas? 62</p> <p>5.3 Classes of antennas 64</p> <p>5.4 Physical principles of antenna function 65</p> <p>5.5 Structure and function of selected antenna complexes 73</p> <p>5.6 Regulation of antennas 84</p> <p>References 87</p> <p><b>Chapter 6 Reaction centers and electron transport pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs 91</b></p> <p>6.1 Basic principles of reaction center structure and function 92</p> <p>6.2 Development of the reaction center concept 92</p> <p>6.3 Purple bacterial reaction centers 93</p> <p>6.4 Theoretical analysis of biological electron transfer reactions 98</p> <p>6.5 Quinone reductions, the role of the Fe and pathways of proton uptake 101</p> <p>6.6 Organization of electron transfer pathways 103</p> <p>6.7 Completing the cycle – the cytochrome <i>bc</i>1 complex 105</p> <p>6.8 Membrane organization in purple bacteria 109</p> <p>6.9 Electron transport in other anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria 110</p> <p>References 113</p> <p><b>Chapter 7 Reaction centers and electron transfer pathways in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms 117</b></p> <p>7.1 Spatial distribution of electron transport components in thylakoids of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms 117</p> <p>7.2 Noncyclic electron flow in oxygenic organisms 119</p> <p>7.3 Photosystem II overall electron transfer pathway 119</p> <p>7.4 Photosystem II forms a dimeric supercomplex in the thylakoid membrane 120</p> <p>7.5 The oxygen‐evolving complex and the mechanism of water oxidation by Photosystem II 123</p> <p>7.6 The structure and function of the cytochrome <i>b</i>6 <i>f </i>complex 128</p> <p>7.7 Plastocyanin donates electrons to Photosystem I 130</p> <p>7.8 Photosystem I structure and electron transfer pathway 131</p> <p>7.9 Ferredoxin and ferredoxin‐NADP reductase complete the noncyclic electron transport chain 134</p> <p>References 139</p> <p><b>Chapter 8 Chemiosmotic coupling and ATP synthesis 145</b></p> <p>8.1 Chemical aspects of ATP and the phosphoanhydride bonds 145</p> <p>8.2 Historical perspective on ATP synthesis 147</p> <p>8.3 Quantitative formulation of proton motive force 148</p> <p>8.4 Nomenclature and cellular location of ATP synthase 150</p> <p>8.5 Structure of ATP synthase 150</p> <p>8.6 The mechanism of chemiosmotic coupling 153</p> <p>References 157</p> <p><b>Chapter 9 Carbon metabolism 159</b></p> <p>9.1 The Calvin–Benson cycle is the primary photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway 159</p> <p>9.2 Photorespiration is a wasteful competitive process to carboxylation 173</p> <p>9.3 The C4 carbon cycle minimizes photorespiration 176</p> <p>9.4 Crassulacean acid metabolism avoids water loss in plants 180</p> <p>9.5 Algae and cyanobacteria actively concentrate CO2 182</p> <p>9.6 Sucrose and starch synthesis 183</p> <p>9.7 Other carbon fixation pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs 186</p> <p>References 188</p> <p><b>Chapter 10 Genetics, assembly, and regulation of photosynthetic systems 191</b></p> <p>10.1 Gene organization in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria 191</p> <p>10.2 Gene expression and regulation of purple photosynthetic bacteria 193</p> <p>10.3 Gene organization in cyanobacteria 194</p> <p>10.4 Chloroplast genomes 194</p> <p>10.5 Pathways and mechanisms of protein import and targeting in chloroplasts 195</p> <p>10.6 Gene regulation and the assembly of photosynthetic complexes in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts 199</p> <p>10.7 The regulation of oligomeric protein stoichiometry 200</p> <p>10.8 Assembly, photodamage, and repair of Photosystem II 201</p> <p>References 203</p> <p><b>Chapter 11 The use of chlorophyll fluorescence to probe photosynthesis 207</b></p> <p>11.1 The time course of chlorophyll fluorescence 208</p> <p>11.2 The use of fluorescence to determine the quantum yield of Photosystem II 209</p> <p>11.3 Fluorescence detection of nonphotochemical quenching 211</p> <p>11.4 The physical basis of variable fluorescence 211</p> <p>References 212</p> <p>Chapter 12 Origin and evolution of photosynthesis 215</p> <p>12.1 Introduction 215</p> <p>12.2 Early history of the Earth 215</p> <p>12.3 Origin and early evolution of life 216</p> <p>12.4 Geological evidence for life and photosynthesis 218</p> <p>12.5 The nature of the earliest photosynthetic systems 222</p> <p>12.6 The origin and evolution of metabolic pathways with special reference to chlorophyll biosynthesis 224</p> <p>12.7 Origin and evolution of photosynthetic pigments 225</p> <p>12.8 Evolutionary relationships among reaction centers and other electron transport components 229</p> <p>12.9 Do all photosynthetic reaction centers derive from a common ancestor? 232</p> <p>12.10 The origin of linked photosystems and oxygen evolution 235</p> <p>12.11 Origin of the oxygen‐evolving complex and the transition to oxygenic photosynthesis 236</p> <p>12.12 Antenna systems have multiple evolutionary origins 238</p> <p>12.13 Endosymbiosis and the origin of chloroplasts 241</p> <p>12.14 Most types of algae are the result of secondary endosymbiosis 244</p> <p>12.15 Following endosymbiosis, many genes were transferred to the nucleus, and proteins were reimported to the chloroplast 246</p> <p>12.16 Evolution of carbon metabolism pathways 248</p> <p>References 249</p> <p><b>Chapter 13 Bioenergy applications and artificial photosynthesis 257</b></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 257</p> <p>13.2 Solar energy conversion 257</p> <p>13.3 What is the efficiency of natural photosynthesis? 260</p> <p>13.4 Calculation of the energy storage efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis 261</p> <p>13.5 Why is the efficiency of photosynthesis so low? 262</p> <p>13.6 How might the efficiency of photosynthesis be improved? 263</p> <p>13.7 Artificial photosynthesis 264</p> <p>References 268</p> <p>Appendix 1 Light, energy, and kinetics 271</p> <p>Index 313</p>

<p><b>Robert E. Blankenship</b> is the Lucille P. Markey Distinguished Professor of Arts and Sciences, Emeritus, Washington University in St Louis, USA. He was formerly Editor-in-Chief of <i>Photosynthesis Research</i> and President of the International Society of Photosynthesis Research.</p>

<p><b>Rediscover the foremost introduction to molecular photosynthesis on the market today</b></p> <p>In the comprehensively revised Third Edition of <i>Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis</i>, distinguished researcher and professor Robert E. Blankenship delivers a brand-new update to the most authoritative textbook on the subject of photosynthesis. In addition to thorough coverage of foundational topics in photosynthesis, the book discusses cutting-edge advances in research in this area, including new structures and new information about the mechanism of oxygen production. <p>The author also describes advancements in the understanding of the regulation of photosynthesis and the critical process of photoprotection, as well as newly discovered pigments and organisms that extend oxygenic photosynthesis deeper into the near infrared spectral region. <p>Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of a fulsome appendix that incorporates a detailed introduction to the physical basis of photosynthesis, including thermodynamics, kinetics, and spectroscopy. A companion website offers downloadable figures as PowerPoint slides ideal for teaching. The book also includes: <ul><li>Thorough introductions to the basic principles of photosynthetic energy storage, photosynthetic organisms and organelles, and the history and early development of photosynthesis</li><li>An expansive discussion of photosynthetic pigments, including their structure and spectroscopy</li><li>Explorations of antenna complexes, energy transfer processes, reaction centers, and electron transport pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs and oxygenic photosynthetic organisms</li><li>Comprehensive treatments of chemiosmotic coupling, ATP synthesis, and carbon metabolism</li><li>Authoritative discussions of the evolution of photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis</li></ul> <p>Perfect for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in biochemistry and biophysics, <i>Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis</i> will also earn a place in the libraries of students studying plant biology and seeking a one-stop resource in the field of molecular photosynthesis.

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