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<p>Preface xiii</p> <p>Acknowledgments xv</p> <p>About the Companion Website xvii</p> <p><b>1 What Is Cloud Computing? </b><b>1</b></p> <p>Why Cloud Computing? 1</p> <p>Cloud Computing’s Focus 2</p> <p>Cost Reduction 2</p> <p>Capacity Planning 4</p> <p>Organizational Agility 5</p> <p>How Is Cloud Computing Hosted? 6</p> <p>Private Cloud Deployment 6</p> <p>Public Cloud Deployment 6</p> <p>Hybrid Cloud Deployment 7</p> <p>What Are the Different Types of Cloud Solutions? 7</p> <p>Software as a Service (SaaS) 8</p> <p>Platform as a Service (PaaS) 9</p> <p>Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 10</p> <p>SaaS versus PaaS versus IaaS: A Review 12</p> <p>Recovery as a Service (RaaS) 12</p> <p>What Are General Benefits of Cloud Services? 13</p> <p>What Are General Disadvantages of Cloud Services? 14</p> <p>What Is the History Behind Cloud Computing? 14</p> <p>Historic Perspective of Hardware Related to Cloud Computing 16</p> <p>Historic Perspective of Software Related to Cloud Computing 17</p> <p>SOA Explained in Terms of Lego Blocks 18</p> <p>Summary 20</p> <p>References 21</p> <p>Bibliography 21</p> <p><b>2 Who Uses the Cloud? </b><b>23</b></p> <p>Individuals Users 23</p> <p>Public Cloud Subscription Storage for Individuals 24</p> <p>Private Cloud Storage (PCS) for Individuals 25</p> <p>Hosted Personal Cloud Storage Using Third Party Hardware 27</p> <p>Public Cloud versus Personal Cloud Storage 28</p> <p>Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Users 28</p> <p>How Can Cloud Computing Save SMEs Money? 28</p> <p>What Cloud Computing Features Appeal to SMEs? 32</p> <p>SME Cloud Software 32</p> <p>Accounting Software 32</p> <p>Human Resources (HR) Software 33</p> <p>Customer Relationship Management (CRM) 36</p> <p>Project Management/Task Organization 40</p> <p>Office Software 42</p> <p>Data Analytics 44</p> <p>Social Media 45</p> <p>Purchasing and Procurement 46</p> <p>Help Desk and Service Software 47</p> <p>Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) 48</p> <p>Corporate Managers and Users 49</p> <p>Organizational Users of Cloud Computing 50</p> <p>PaaS Users 50</p> <p>IaaS Users 51</p> <p>File Storage and Backup Users 51</p> <p>Disaster Recovery Users 51</p> <p>Big Data Analytics Users 51</p> <p>Summary 51</p> <p>References 52</p> <p>Further Reading 52</p> <p>Website Resources 52</p> <p>Accounting Software 52</p> <p>CRM Software 53</p> <p>Data Analytics 53</p> <p>ERP for SMEs 53</p> <p>Help Desk 53</p> <p>HR Software 53</p> <p>Office Software 54</p> <p>Project Management Tools 54</p> <p>Purchasing and Procurement 54</p> <p>Social Media 54</p> <p><b>3 What Is Virtualization? </b><b>55</b></p> <p>Hardware Virtualization 56</p> <p>Hypervisors 56</p> <p>Types of Hardware Virtualization 57</p> <p>Hardware Virtualization Vendors and Products 59</p> <p>Hardware Virtualization Benefits 60</p> <p>Operating System Virtualization 62</p> <p>Operating-System-Level Virtualization (Containerization) 62</p> <p>Containerization Software 63</p> <p>Containers versus Virtual Machines 65</p> <p>Container Cloud Practices 66</p> <p>Containers as a Service (CaaS) 67</p> <p>Storage Virtualization 67</p> <p>DAS (Direct Attached Storage) 67</p> <p>SAN (Storage Area Networks) 69</p> <p>NAS (Network Attached Storage) 70</p> <p>Storage Virtualization Techniques 71</p> <p>File- Versus Block-Level Virtualization 72</p> <p>Summary 72</p> <p>References 72</p> <p>Further Reading 72</p> <p><b>4 Can the Cloud Help Operations? </b><b>75</b></p> <p>Load Balancing 75</p> <p>Load Balancing Algorithms 77</p> <p>Static Load Balancing Algorithms 77</p> <p>Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithms 78</p> <p>Cloud Load Balancing Algorithms 79</p> <p>Hardware Versus Software Load Balancing 81</p> <p>Cloud-Based Balancing 81</p> <p>Cloud Load Balancing Versus DNS Load Balancing 82</p> <p>Scalability and Elasticity 82</p> <p>Elasticity in Cloud Environments 83</p> <p>Challenges for Elasticity 84</p> <p>Learning Curve 84</p> <p>Response Time 84</p> <p>Monitoring Elastic Applications 85</p> <p>Stakeholder Needs 85</p> <p>Multiple Levels of Cloud Control 85</p> <p>Security 85</p> <p>Privacy and Compliance 86</p> <p>Benefits of Cloud Elasticity 86</p> <p>Ease of Implementation 86</p> <p>Failover and Fault Tolerance 86</p> <p>On-Demand Computing 87</p> <p>Pay Only for What You Use 87</p> <p>Standardization of Server Pool 88</p> <p>Summary 88</p> <p>References 89</p> <p>Further Reading 89</p> <p><b>5 How Are Clouds Managed? </b><b>91</b></p> <p>Automation 91</p> <p>Orchestration 92</p> <p>Automation Tasks 92</p> <p>Implementing Orchestration with IaC 93</p> <p>IaC Example 95</p> <p>IaC Tools 97</p> <p>Push Approach 97</p> <p>Pull Approach 97</p> <p>Puppet 98</p> <p>Chef 98</p> <p>SaltStack 99</p> <p>Terraform 99</p> <p>Cloud Provider Resource Management 99</p> <p>AWS CloudFormation 99</p> <p>Google Cloud Deployment Manager 100</p> <p>Azure Resource Manager 101</p> <p>Access Control for Resource Management Tools 102</p> <p>Customized Policies 104</p> <p>APIs and SDKs 105</p> <p>APIs 105</p> <p>SaaS APIs 105</p> <p>PaaS APIs 105</p> <p>IaaS APIs 105</p> <p>SDKs 106</p> <p>SDKs and APIs 106</p> <p>Cloud Backup and Replication 106</p> <p>Cloud Backup 107</p> <p>Cloud Backup Processes 108</p> <p>Cloud Backup Drawbacks 109</p> <p>Cloud Backup Vendors 110</p> <p>Cloud Replication 111</p> <p>Replication Technologies 112</p> <p>DRaaS 113</p> <p>Summary 114</p> <p>References 115</p> <p>Further Reading 115</p> <p>Website Resources 116</p> <p>Backup Providers 116</p> <p>DRaaS Providers 116</p> <p>IaC Providers 117</p> <p><b>6 What Are Cloud Business Concerns? </b><b>119</b></p> <p>Monitoring and Console Tools 119</p> <p>Resource Consumption Monitoring 120</p> <p>Planning for Monitoring 121</p> <p>Cloud Monitoring Tools 121</p> <p>Monitoring Challenges 123</p> <p>Cost Monitoring 123</p> <p>Costs Associated with Zombie Resource Instances 126</p> <p>Service Level Agreements (SLAs) 128</p> <p>SLA Sources 129</p> <p>SLA Components 129</p> <p>SLA Metrics 130</p> <p>Other Performance Considerations 133</p> <p>Performance Failure Penalties 133</p> <p>SLA Data Ownership Clause 134</p> <p>Data Ownership 134</p> <p>Data Location 134</p> <p>Data Disposition 136</p> <p>Data Breaches 136</p> <p>Governmental Access Requests 137</p> <p>SLA Revisions 138</p> <p>Transferring SLAs 138</p> <p>More on SLAs 138</p> <p>Billing 139</p> <p>Amazon Billing 140</p> <p>Third Party Billing Tools 141</p> <p>Summary 141</p> <p>References 142</p> <p>Further Reading 142</p> <p>Website Resources 143</p> <p>Cost and Monitoring Software 143</p> <p>Zombie Instance Management Software 143</p> <p><b>7 How Are Business Applications in the Cloud Managed Safely? </b><b>145</b></p> <p>Cloud Vulnerabilities 145</p> <p>Cloud Security Architecture 146</p> <p>IaaS Security Architecture 146</p> <p>IaaS Resource Misconfiguration 147</p> <p>IaaS Resource Vulnerabilities 147</p> <p>IaaS Zombies Vulnerabilities 149</p> <p>PaaS Security Architecture 149</p> <p>SaaS Security Architecture 151</p> <p>Access and Identity Control in the Cloud 152</p> <p>Identity Governance 153</p> <p>IAM Considerations for Developers 154</p> <p>Identity Provisioning 155</p> <p>Cloud Licenses 156</p> <p>IAM with Third Party Vendors 156</p> <p>FIM Benefits 158</p> <p>FIM Challenges 158</p> <p>Identity and Access Management Products 159</p> <p>Identity Management Standards 160</p> <p>Summary 163</p> <p>References 164</p> <p>Bibliography 164</p> <p>Website Bibliography 165</p> <p>Identity Management 165</p> <p><b>8 What Is Cloud Governance? </b><b>167</b></p> <p>IT Governance Overview 167</p> <p>IT Governance Boards 169</p> <p>IT Governance Frameworks 169</p> <p>COBIT 2019 170</p> <p>ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) 171</p> <p>AS 8015-2015 172</p> <p>ISO/IEC 38500:2015 174</p> <p>CMMI 174</p> <p>FAIR 174</p> <p>IT Governance in the Cloud 176</p> <p>Choosing a Governance Framework 177</p> <p>Cloud Risk Factors Related to Governance 177</p> <p>IT Audit Committees 178</p> <p>IT Auditor 179</p> <p>IT Controls 179</p> <p>End-User Controls 181</p> <p>Shadow IT 183</p> <p>Acceptable Risk 184</p> <p>SOA Governance 185</p> <p>Ensuring Secure Cloud Data 185</p> <p>Cloud Provider Data Safety Measures 187</p> <p>Cloud Encryption 187</p> <p>Symmetric Key Encryption 189</p> <p>Asymmetric Key Encryption 190</p> <p>Other Encryption Methods 191</p> <p>Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 191</p> <p>Key Management 194</p> <p>Key Management System Products 195</p> <p>Summary 195</p> <p>References 196</p> <p>Further Reading 196</p> <p><b>9 What Other Services Run in the Cloud? </b><b>199</b></p> <p>DevOps 199</p> <p>DevOps Ingredients 200</p> <p>Ingredient #1: Communication 200</p> <p>Ingredient #2: Collaboration 201</p> <p>Ingredient #3: Flow 201</p> <p>Ingredient #4: Continuous Improvement 202</p> <p>Ingredient #5: Lean Computing 202</p> <p>Ingredient #6: Tool Kit 203</p> <p>Ingredient #7: Quality 203</p> <p>Cloud-Based Problem-Solving Approaches 204</p> <p>DMAIC 204</p> <p>TRIZ 205</p> <p>Microservices 206</p> <p>Cloud Database Applications 209</p> <p>Cloud Data Models 209</p> <p>Cloud Database Typical Features 211</p> <p>DBaaS Product Examples 211</p> <p>Amazon 211</p> <p>Microsoft 211</p> <p>Google 211</p> <p>Other DBaaS Vendors 212</p> <p>Cloud Analytics Services 212</p> <p>Microsoft Power BI Service 214</p> <p>Domo 215</p> <p>IBM Analytics 215</p> <p>Tableau 215</p> <p>Hadoop 216</p> <p>Hadoop in the Cloud 216</p> <p>Apache Spark 217</p> <p>Apache Storm 217</p> <p>Open Source Private Cloud Software 218</p> <p>OpenStack 218</p> <p>OpenStack Components 219</p> <p>Other Services 219</p> <p>Compute Services 220</p> <p>Application Services 220</p> <p>Summary 221</p> <p>References 221</p> <p>Further Reading 221</p> <p>Website Resources 222</p> <p>Data Analytics Tools 222</p> <p>DBaaS 222</p> <p>NoSQL 222</p> <p>SQL 222</p> <p>DevOps 223</p> <p>Hadoop Competitors 223</p> <p>Private Clouds 223</p> <p>Virtual Databases 223</p> <p>NoSQL 223</p> <p>SQL 223</p> <p><b>10 What Is the Cloud Future? </b><b>225</b></p> <p>NoOps 225</p> <p>Everything as a Service (EaaS) 226</p> <p>Zero Knowledge Cloud Storage 226</p> <p>Serverless Architecture 226</p> <p>Multicloud 227</p> <p>Small Business Clouds 227</p> <p>Machine Learning 228</p> <p>Internet of Things (IoT) 229</p> <p>Cloud Computing as a Utility 229</p> <p>Cloud Streaming Services 230</p> <p>Edge Computing 230</p> <p>Fog Computing 231</p> <p>Summary 232</p> <p>References 233</p> <p>Further Reading 233</p> <p>Glossary 235</p> <p>Chapter 1 List of Terms 235</p> <p>Chapter 2 List of Terms 237</p> <p>Chapter 3 List of Terms 240</p> <p>Chapter 4 List of Terms 243</p> <p>Chapter 5 List of Terms 245</p> <p>Chapter 6 List of Terms 248</p> <p>Chapter 7 List of Terms 250</p> <p>Chapter 8 List of Terms 252</p> <p>Chapter 9 List of Terms 256</p> <p>Chapter 10 List of Terms 258</p> <p>Index 261</p>

<p><b>Roger McHaney</b> is a University Distinguished Teaching Scholar and holder of the Daniel D. Burke Chair for Exceptional Faculty in the Department of Management at Kansas State University, USA.</p>

<p><b>Contains a variety of cloud computing technologies and explores how the cloud can enhance business operations</b></p><p><i>Cloud Technologies</i> offers an accessible guide to cloud-based systems and clearly explains how these technologies have changed the way organizations approach and implement their computing infrastructure. The author includes an overview of cloud computing and addresses business-related considerations such as service level agreements, elasticity, security, audits, and practical implementation issues. In addition, the book covers important topics such as automation, infrastructure as code, DevOps, orchestration, and edge computing.</p><p>Cloud computing fundamentally changes the way organizations think about and implement IT infrastructure. Any manager without a firm grasp of basic cloud concepts is at a huge disadvantage in the modern world. Written for all levels of managers working in IT and other areas, the book explores cost savings and enhanced capabilities, as well as identifies different models for implementing cloud technologies and tackling cloud business concerns. This important book:</p><ul><li>Demonstrates a variety of cloud computing technologies and ways the cloud can enhance business operations</li><li>Addresses data security concerns in cloud computing relevant to corporate data owners</li><li>Shows ways the cloud can save money for a business</li><li>Offers a companion website hosting PowerPoint slides</li></ul><p>Written for managers in the fields of business, IT and cloud computing, <i>Cloud Technologies</i> describes cloud computing concepts and related strategies and operations in accessible language.</p>

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