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Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering


Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering

A Multi-Scale Approach
1. Aufl.

von: Timur Dogu, Gulsen Dogu

76,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 05.10.2021
ISBN/EAN: 9781119755906
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 352

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Beschreibungen

<b>FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING</b> <p><B>A comprehensive introduction to chemical reactor engineering from an industrial perspective</b> <p>In <i>Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering: A Multi-Scale Approach</i>, a distinguished team of academics delivers a thorough introduction to foundational concepts in chemical reactor engineering. It offers readers the tools they need to develop a firm grasp of the kinetics and thermodynamics of reactions, hydrodynamics, transport processes, and heat and mass transfer resistances in a chemical reactor. <P>This textbook describes the interaction of reacting molecules on the molecular scale and uses real-world examples to illustrate the principles of chemical reactor analysis and heterogeneous catalysis at every scale. It includes a strong focus on new approaches to process intensification, the modeling of multifunctional reactors, structured reactor types, and the importance of hydrodynamics and transport processes in a chemical reactor. <P>With end-of-chapter problem sets and multiple open-ended case studies to promote critical thinking, this book also offers supplementary online materials and an included instructor’s manual. Readers will also find: <UL><LI>A thorough introduction to the rate concept and species conservation equations in reactors, including chemical and flow reactors and the stoichiometric relations between reacting species</LI> <LI>A comprehensive exploration of reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium, including the thermodynamics of chemical reactions and different forms of the equilibrium constant</LI> <LI>Practical discussions of chemical kinetics and analysis of batch reactors, including batch reactor data analysis</LI> <LI>In-depth examinations of ideal flow reactors, CSTR, and plug flow reactor models</LI></UL> <P>Ideal for undergraduate and graduate chemical engineering students studying chemical reactor engineering, chemical engineering kinetics, heterogeneous catalysis, and reactor design, <i>Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering</i> is also an indispensable resource for professionals and students in food, environmental, and materials engineering.
<p>Preface xiii</p> <p>Foreword by <i>Marc-Olivier Coppens</i> xv</p> <p>Foreword by <i>Umit S. Ozkan</i> xvii</p> <p>About the Authors and Acknowledgments xix</p> <p>List of Symbols xxi</p> <p>About the Companion Website xxvii</p> <p><b>1 Rate Concept and Species Conservation Equations in Reactors </b><b>1</b></p> <p>1.1 Reaction Rates of Species in Chemical Conversions 1</p> <p>1.2 Rate of a Chemical Change 3</p> <p>1.3 Chemical Reactors and Conservation of Species 6</p> <p>1.4 Flow Reactors and the Reaction Rate Relations 8</p> <p>1.5 Comparison of Perfectly Mixed Flow and Batch Reactors 9</p> <p>1.6 Ideal Tubular Flow Reactor 10</p> <p>1.7 Stoichiometric Relations Between Reacting Species 13</p> <p>1.7.1 Batch Reactor Analysis 13</p> <p>1.7.2 Steady-Flow Analysis for a CSTR 13</p> <p>1.7.3 Unsteady Perfectly Mixed-Flow Reactor Analysis 14</p> <p>Problems and Questions 15</p> <p>References 18</p> <p><b>2 Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium </b><b>19</b></p> <p>2.1 Equilibrium and Reaction Rate Relations 19</p> <p>2.2 Thermodynamics of Chemical Reactions 21</p> <p>2.3 Different Forms of Equilibrium Constant 23</p> <p>2.4 Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Constant and Equilibrium Calculations 25</p> <p>Problems and Questions 33</p> <p>References 34</p> <p><b>3 Chemical Kinetics and Analysis of Batch Reactors </b><b>35</b></p> <p>3.1 Kinetics and Mechanisms of Homogeneous Reactions 35</p> <p>3.2 Batch Reactor Data Analysis 39</p> <p>3.2.1 Integral Method of Analysis 41</p> <p>3.2.1.1 First-Order Reaction 41</p> <p>3.2.1.2 <i>n</i>th-Order Reaction and Method of Half-Lives 43</p> <p>3.2.1.3 Overall Second-Order Reaction Between Reactants A and B 44</p> <p>3.2.1.4 Second-Order Autocatalytic Reactions 48</p> <p>3.2.1.5 Zeroth-Order Dependence of Reaction Rate on Concentrations 50</p> <p>3.2.1.6 Data Analysis for a Reversible Reaction 51</p> <p>3.2.2 Differential Method of Data Analysis 52</p> <p>3.3 Changes in Total Pressure or Volume in Gas-Phase Reactions 54</p> <p>Problems and Questions 56</p> <p>References 61</p> <p><b>4 Ideal-Flow Reactors: CSTR and Plug-Flow Reactor Models </b><b>63</b></p> <p>4.1 CSTR Model 63</p> <p>4.1.1 CSTR Data Analysis 67</p> <p>4.2 Analysis of Ideal Plug-Flow Reactor 69</p> <p>4.3 Comparison of Performances of CSTR and Ideal Plug-Flow Reactors 71</p> <p>4.4 Equilibrium and Rate Limitations in Ideal-Flow Reactors 72</p> <p>4.5 Unsteady Operation of Reactors 76</p> <p>4.5.1 Unsteady Operation of a Constant Volume Stirred-Tank Reactor 76</p> <p>4.5.2 Semi-batch Reactors 77</p> <p>4.6 Analysis of a CSTR with a Complex Rate Expression 79</p> <p>Problems and Questions 81</p> <p>References 85</p> <p><b>5 Multiple Reactor Systems </b><b>87</b></p> <p>5.1 Multiple CSTRs Operating in Series 87</p> <p>5.1.1 Graphical Method for Multiple CSTRs 91</p> <p>5.2 Multiple Plug-Flow Reactors Operating in Series 93</p> <p>5.3 CSTR and Plug-Flow Reactor Combinations 94</p> <p>Problems and Questions 96</p> <p>References 98</p> <p><b>6 Multiple Reaction Systems </b><b>99</b></p> <p>6.1 Selectivity and Yield Definitions 100</p> <p>6.2 Selectivity Relations for Ideal Flow Reactors 101</p> <p>6.3 Design of Ideal Reactors and Product Distributions for Multiple Reaction Systems 104</p> <p>6.3.1 Parallel Reactions 104</p> <p>6.3.2 Consecutive Reactions 110</p> <p>Problems and Questions 113</p> <p>References 116</p> <p><b>7 Heat Effects and Non-isothermal Reactor Design </b><b>117</b></p> <p>7.1 Heat Effects in a Stirred-Tank Reactor 118</p> <p>7.2 Steady-State Multiplicity in a CSTR 121</p> <p>7.3 One-Dimensional Energy Balance for a Tubular Reactor 126</p> <p>7.4 Heat Effects in Multiple Reaction Systems 131</p> <p>7.4.1 Heat Effects in a CSTR with Parallel Reactions 131</p> <p>7.4.2 Heat Effects in a CSTR with Consecutive Reactions 132</p> <p>7.4.3 Energy Balance for a Plug-Flow Reactor with Multiple Reactions 133</p> <p>7.5 Heat Effects in Multiple Reactors and Reversible Reactions 133</p> <p>7.5.1 Temperature Selection and Multiple Reactor Combinations 133</p> <p>7.5.1.1 Endothermic-Reversible Reactions in a Multi-stage Reactor System 141</p> <p>7.5.2 Cold Injection Between Reactors 147</p> <p>7.5.3 Heat-Exchanger Reactors 149</p> <p>Problems and Questions 150</p> <p>Case Studies 154</p> <p>References 160</p> <p><b>8 Deviations from Ideal Reactor Performance </b><b>161</b></p> <p>8.1 Residence Time Distributions in Flow Reactors 161</p> <p>8.2 General Species Conservation Equation in a Reactor 163</p> <p>8.3 Laminar Flow Reactor Model 166</p> <p>8.4 Dispersion Model for a Tubular Reactor 168</p> <p>8.5 Prediction of Axial Dispersion Coefficient 172</p> <p>8.6 Evaluation of Dispersion Coefficient by Moment Analysis 174</p> <p>8.7 Radial Temperature Variations in Tubular Reactors 175</p> <p>8.8 A Criterion for the Negligible Effect of Radial Temperature Variations on the Reaction Rate 177</p> <p>8.9 Effect of L/d<sub>t</sub> Ratio on the Performance of a Tubular Reactor and Pressure Drop 179</p> <p>Problems and Questions 180</p> <p>Exercises 181</p> <p>References 182</p> <p><b>9 Fixed-Bed Reactors and Interphase Transport Effects </b><b>185</b></p> <p>9.1 Solid-Catalyzed Reactions and Transport Effects within Reactors 185</p> <p>9.2 Observed Reaction Rate and Fixed-Bed Reactors 187</p> <p>9.3 Significance of Film Mass Transfer Resistance in Catalytic Reactions 189</p> <p>9.4 Tubular Reactors with Catalytic Walls 191</p> <p>9.4.1 One-Dimensional Model 192</p> <p>9.4.2 Two-Dimensional Model 193</p> <p>9.5 Modeling of a Non-isothermal Fixed-Bed Reactor 194</p> <p>9.6 Steady-State Multiplicity on the Surface of a Catalyst Pellet 196</p> <p>Exercises 197</p> <p>References 198</p> <p><b>10 Transport Effects and Effectiveness Factor for Reactions in Porous Catalysts </b><b>199</b></p> <p>10.1 Effectiveness Factor Expressions in an Isothermal Catalyst Pellet 199</p> <p>10.2 Observed Activation Energy and Observed Reaction Order 205</p> <p>10.3 Effectiveness Factor in the Presence of Pore-Diffusion and Film Mass Transfer Resistances 208</p> <p>10.4 Thermal Effects in Porous Catalyst Pellets 210</p> <p>10.5 Interphase and Intrapellet Temperature Gradients for Catalyst Pellets 215</p> <p>10.6 Pore Structure Optimization and Effectiveness Factor Analysis for Catalysts with Bi-modal Pore-Size Distributions 217</p> <p>10.7 Criteria for Negligible Transport Effects in Catalytic Reactions 221</p> <p>10.7.1 Criteria for Negligible Diffusion and Heat Effects on the Observed Rate of Solid-Catalyzed Reactions 221</p> <p>10.7.2 Relative Importance of Concentration and Temperature Gradients in Catalyst Pellets 222</p> <p>10.7.3 Intrapellet and External Film Transport Limitations 225</p> <p>10.7.4 A Criterion for Negligible Diffusion Resistance in Bidisperse Catalyst Pellets 225</p> <p>10.8 Transport Effects on Product Selectivities in Catalytic Reactions 226</p> <p>10.8.1 Film Mass Transfer Effect 226</p> <p>10.8.2 Pore-Diffusion Effect 227</p> <p>Problems and Questions 228</p> <p>Exercises 229</p> <p>References 233</p> <p><b>11 Introduction to Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms </b><b>235</b></p> <p>11.1 Basic Concepts in Heterogeneous Catalysis 235</p> <p>11.2 Surface Reaction Mechanisms 237</p> <p>11.3 Adsorption Isotherms 241</p> <p>11.4 Deactivation of Solid Catalysts 244</p> <p>Exercises 246</p> <p>References 246</p> <p><b>12 Diffusion in Porous Catalysts </b><b>247</b></p> <p>12.1 Diffusion in a Capillary 247</p> <p>12.2 Effective Diffusivities in Porous Solids 251</p> <p>12.3 Surface Diffusion 252</p> <p>12.4 Models for the Prediction of Effective Diffusivities 253</p> <p>12.4.1 Random Pore Model 253</p> <p>12.4.2 Grain Model 254</p> <p>12.5 Diffusion and Flow in Porous Solids 254</p> <p>12.6 Experimental Methods for the Evaluation of Effective Diffusion Coefficients 255</p> <p>12.6.1 Steady-State Methods 255</p> <p>12.6.2 Dynamic Methods 256</p> <p>12.6.3 Single-Pellet Moment Method 257</p> <p>Exercises 259</p> <p>References 259</p> <p><b>13 Process Intensification and Multifunctional Reactors </b><b>261</b></p> <p>13.1 Membrane Reactors 262</p> <p>13.1.1 Modeling of a Membrane Reactor 263</p> <p>13.1.2 General Conservation Equations and Heat Effects in a Membrane Reactor 265</p> <p>13.2 Reactive Distillation 266</p> <p>13.2.1 Equilibrium-Stage Model 267</p> <p>13.2.2 A Rate-Based Model for a Continuous Reactive Distillation Column 269</p> <p>13.3 Sorption-Enhanced Reaction Process 270</p> <p>13.4 Monolithic and Microchannel Reactors 275</p> <p>13.4.1 Microchannel Reactors 278</p> <p>13.5 Chromatographic Reactors 279</p> <p>13.6 Alternative Energy Sources for Chemical Processing 279</p> <p>13.6.1 Microwave-Assisted Chemical Conversions 280</p> <p>13.6.2 Ultrasound Reactors 282</p> <p>13.6.3 Solar Energy for Chemical Conversion 282</p> <p>References 283</p> <p><b>14 Multiphase Reactors </b><b>285</b></p> <p>14.1 Slurry Reactors 285</p> <p>14.2 Trickle-Bed Reactors 289</p> <p>14.3 Fluidized-Bed Reactors 290</p> <p>References 294</p> <p><b>15 Kinetics and Modeling of Non-catalytic Gas–Solid Reactions </b><b>295</b></p> <p>15.1 Unreacted-Core Model 296</p> <p>15.2 Deactivation and Structural Models for Gas–Solid Reactions 299</p> <p>15.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactors 302</p> <p>Exercises 305</p> <p>References 307</p> <p>Appendix A Some Constants of Nature 309</p> <p>Appendix B Conversion Factors 311</p> <p>Appendix C Dimensionless Groups and Parameters 313</p> <p>Index 315</p>
<P><B>Timur Dog˘u, PhD,</B> is a Professor at the Middle East Technical University. He received his doctorate from the University of California at Davis. His research is focused on reaction engineering, heterogeneous catalysis, environmental catalysis, synthesis of nanostructured mesoporous materials, transport phenomena effects on reaction rates, and process intensification.</P> <P><B>Güls¸en Dog˘u, PhD,</B> is a Professor at Gazi University. She received her doctorate from the University of California at Davis. Her research focuses on environmentally clean processes, diffusion and reaction in porous media, catalyst development and alternative fuels.
<p><B>A comprehensive introduction to chemical reactor engineering from an industrial perspective</b></p> <p>In <i>Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering: A Multi-Scale Approach</i>, a distinguished team of academics delivers a thorough introduction to foundational concepts in chemical reactor engineering. It offers readers the tools they need to develop a firm grasp of the kinetics and thermodynamics of reactions, hydrodynamics, transport processes, and heat and mass transfer resistances in a chemical reactor. <P>This textbook describes the interaction of reacting molecules on the molecular scale and uses real-world examples to illustrate the principles of chemical reactor analysis and heterogeneous catalysis at every scale. It includes a strong focus on new approaches to process intensification, the modeling of multifunctional reactors, structured reactor types, and the importance of hydrodynamics and transport processes in a chemical reactor. <P>With end-of-chapter problem sets and multiple open-ended case studies to promote critical thinking, this book also offers supplementary online materials and an included instructor’s manual. Readers will also find: <UL><LI>A thorough introduction to the rate concept and species conservation equations in reactors, including chemical and flow reactors and the stoichiometric relations between reacting species</LI> <LI>A comprehensive exploration of reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium, including the thermodynamics of chemical reactions and different forms of the equilibrium constant</LI> <LI>Practical discussions of chemical kinetics and analysis of batch reactors, including batch reactor data analysis</LI> <LI>In-depth examinations of ideal flow reactors, CSTR, and plug flow reactor models</LI></UL> <P>Ideal for undergraduate and graduate chemical engineering students studying chemical reactor engineering, chemical engineering kinetics, heterogeneous catalysis, and reactor design, <i>Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering</i> is also an indispensable resource for professionals and students in food, environmental, and materials engineering.

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