Details

Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner


Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner


Rapid Reference 1. Aufl.

von: June A. Boon

88,99 €

Verlag: Wiley-Blackwell
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 07.09.2022
ISBN/EAN: 9781119730156
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 128

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Beschreibungen

<b>Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner</b> <p><b>Practical guide to using color flow and spectral Doppler in interpreting echocardiographic findings in veterinary practice</b> <P><i>Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner</i> provides a clinically oriented quick reference to using color flow and spectral Doppler to interpret echocardiographic findings, enabling readers to learn and apply these techniques and acquire background knowledge of technical factors affecting diagnostic color and spectral Doppler. Practically, the text also serves as a quick checklist for the Doppler features of commonly acquired cardiac diseases in the dog and cat. To aid in reader comprehension, the text contains color images and video clips to support the descriptions. <P>This handbook is not intended as a comprehensive explanation of the echocardiographic features associated with heart disease in animals. Rather, it is intended as the next step for the general practitioner and the non-cardiac specialist that have learned to acquire diagnostic 2D and M-Mode echocardiographic studies. <P>Written by a highly experienced professionals with nearly 40 years of experience in the field of veterinary echocardiography, sample topics covered in <i>Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner</i> include: <ul><li>Doppler principles as they apply to accuracy and evaluation of the color flow and spectral Doppler examination </li> <li>Imaging planes required for accurate evaluation of flows in the heart and an explanation of and application of Doppler pressure gradients</li> <li>Interpretation of color flow signals and common Doppler features of the most frequently acquired heart diseases in dogs and cats</li> <li>Specific intricacies of the field, including isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and imaging planes techniques of the mitral valve and aorta</li></ul> <P><i>Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner</i> is a highly valuable resource and practical guide for all professionals in the field who have learned to acquire diagnostic 2D and M-Mode echocardiographic studies and now need to understand how to learn and apply these techniques in a myriad of practical applications. <P><b>Related Titles</b> <p><i>Two-Dimensional and M-Mode Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner<br> Second Edition</i><br> By June Boon<br> 9781119028536 <p><i>Life-Threatening Cardiac Emergencies for the Small Animal Practitioner</i><br> By Maureen McMichael and Ryan Fries<br>9781119042075 <p><i>Cardiology for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses</i><br> By H. Edward Durham<br> 9780813813530
<p>Preface xi</p> <p>About the Companion Website xiii</p> <p><b>1 </b><b>The Basics: What You Need to Know 1</b></p> <p>Doppler Principles as They Apply to Accuracy and Quality of the Exam 1</p> <p>Doppler shift 1</p> <p>Types of Doppler 2</p> <p>Advantages and disadvantages of each type of Doppler 4</p> <p>The spectral display 4</p> <p>The color display 6</p> <p>Nyquist limit and aliasing 8</p> <p>Accuracy of spectral flow information 12</p> <p>Optimizing Doppler Displays 14</p> <p>Color flow 14</p> <p>Spectral Doppler 19</p> <p>Laminar and Turbulent Flow 21</p> <p>Normal laminar flow 21</p> <p>Turbulent flow 21</p> <p>Causes of spectral broadening 22</p> <p><b>2 </b><b>The Doppler Examination 23</b></p> <p>Spectral Doppler 23</p> <p>Normal spectral flows in the heart 23</p> <p>Mitral valve 23</p> <p>Aorta and LVOT 26</p> <p>Pulmonary artery and RVOT 27</p> <p>Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) 31</p> <p>Pulmonary venous flow 32</p> <p>Left auricular flow 32</p> <p>Color Flow Doppler 37</p> <p>Normal color flow in the heart 37</p> <p>Mitral valve 37</p> <p>Aorta 38</p> <p>Pulmonary artery 43</p> <p>Tricuspid valve 47</p> <p><b>3 </b><b>Applications 55</b></p> <p>Pressure Gradients (PGs) 55</p> <p>PG meaning 55</p> <p>Normal pressures in the heart and vessels 55</p> <p>Bernoulli equation 55</p> <p>Modified equation 55</p> <p>How can blood flow when pressures in the ventricles and great vessels are the same?  57</p> <p>Factors Affecting Flow Velocities 57</p> <p>Volume 57</p> <p>Narrowed pathway 57</p> <p>Pressure 57</p> <p>Limitations of the simplified Bernoulli equation 59</p> <p>Common Applications of PG in Acquired Heart Disease 59</p> <p>Using mitral regurgitation 59</p> <p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 62</p> <p>Pulmonary hypertension 63</p> <p>Diastolic Function and Doppler 66</p> <p>Definitions 66</p> <p>Classes of diastolic dysfunction 66</p> <p>Overview of diastolic function 72</p> <p><b>4 </b><b>Doppler Features in Common Acquired Cardiac Diseases 77</b></p> <p>Chronic Valve Disease 77</p> <p>2D and M-mode features 77</p> <p>Color flow evaluation 77</p> <p>Spectral Doppler 80</p> <p>Dilated Cardiomyopathy 82</p> <p>2D and M-mode features 82</p> <p>Color flow evaluation 84</p> <p>Spectral Doppler 84</p> <p>Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy 84</p> <p>2D and M-mode features 84</p> <p>Color flow evaluation 85</p> <p>Spectral Doppler 87</p> <p>Diastolic function 88</p> <p>Dynamic Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (DRVOTO) 88</p> <p>2D and M-mode features 88</p> <p>Color flow evaluation 90</p> <p>Spectral Doppler 90</p> <p>Nonspecific Cardiomyopathy 90</p> <p>2D and M-mode features 90</p> <p>These result in diminishing systolic function 90</p> <p>Color flow evaluation 90</p> <p>Spectral Doppler 91</p> <p>Pulmonary Hypertension 92</p> <p>2D and M-mode features 92</p> <p>Color flow evaluation 93</p> <p>Spectral Doppler 93</p> <p>Appendix 1 Spectral Doppler Reference Ranges for the Dog and Cat 99</p> <p>Appendix 2 Abbreviations 103</p> <p>Recommended Reading 105</p> <p>Index 107</p>
<P><B>The Author</B> <P><B>June A. Boon, MS, </B> is an Instructor and Echocardiographer at the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. <P><B>The <i>Rapid Reference</i> series</B> <p>Books in the <i>Rapid Reference</i> series are ideal quick references, using a concise, practical approach to provide small animal practitioners with fast access to essential information. Designed to be used at a patient???s side, these books make it easy to quickly diagnose and treat patients. With a spiral binding to lie flat, <i>Rapid Reference</i> books are an indispensable tool for the exam room.
<p><b>Practical guide to using color flow and spectral Doppler in interpreting echocardiographic findings in veterinary practice</b> <P><i>Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner</i> provides a clinically oriented quick reference to using color flow and spectral Doppler to interpret echocardiographic findings, enabling readers to learn and apply these techniques and acquire background knowledge of technical factors affecting diagnostic color and spectral Doppler. Practically, the text also serves as a quick checklist for the Doppler features of commonly acquired cardiac diseases in the dog and cat. To aid in reader comprehension, the text contains color images and video clips to support the descriptions. <P>This handbook is not intended as a comprehensive explanation of the echocardiographic features associated with heart disease in animals. Rather, it is intended as the next step for the general practitioner and the non-cardiac specialist that have learned to acquire diagnostic 2D and M-Mode echocardiographic studies. <P>Written by a highly experienced professionals with nearly 40 years of experience in the field of veterinary echocardiography, sample topics covered in <i>Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner</i> include: <ul><li>Doppler principles as they apply to accuracy and evaluation of the color flow and spectral Doppler examination </li> <li>Imaging planes required for accurate evaluation of flows in the heart and an explanation of and application of Doppler pressure gradients</li> <li>Interpretation of color flow signals and common Doppler features of the most frequently acquired heart diseases in dogs and cats</li> <li>Specific intricacies of the field, including isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and imaging planes techniques of the mitral valve and aorta</li></ul> <P><i>Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner</i> is a highly valuable resource and practical guide for all professionals in the field who have learned to acquire diagnostic 2D and M-Mode echocardiographic studies and now need to understand how to learn and apply these techniques in a myriad of practical applications. <P><b>Related Titles</b> <p><i>Two-Dimensional and M-Mode Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner<br> Second Edition</i><br> By June Boon<br> 9781119028536 <p><i>Life-Threatening Cardiac Emergencies for the Small Animal Practitioner</i><br> By Maureen McMichael and Ryan Fries<br>9781119042075 <p><i>Cardiology for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses</i><br> By H. Edward Durham<br> 9780813813530

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