Details

Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries


Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries

A Global Perspective
1. Aufl.

von: Alan K. Whitfield, Kenneth W. Able, Stephen J. M. Blaber, Michael Elliott

391,99 €

Verlag: Wiley-Blackwell
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 18.02.2022
ISBN/EAN: 9781119705352
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 1104

DRM-geschütztes eBook, Sie benötigen z.B. Adobe Digital Editions und eine Adobe ID zum Lesen.

Beschreibungen

<p><i>Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries: A Global Perspective </i>brings together the current state of knowledge of estuarine fish in one inclusive work. Featuring contributions by more than fifty internationally-recognized researchers and estuarine ichthyological specialists, this landmark resource covers fish assemblages and functional groups, recruitment and production in estuaries, feeding ecology and trophic dynamics, fisheries and the conservation of estuarine fish, and much more.</p> <p>Thirteen in-depth chapters and two method appendices examine major aspects of fish and fisheries in estuaries throughout the world. The text describes the biology of estuarine fish and their connections with estuarine and adjacent marine and freshwater ecosystems, as well as examining the ways human industrialization and global events such as climate change are impacting both native and non-native species. Topics include habitat diversity, fish foraging behavior, ecological engineering tools and models, hazards and risks to estuarine fish and fisheries, and estuarine environmental health. Offering detailed information on the biology and ecology of estuarine fish and fisheries, this authoritative reference:</p> <ul> <li>Explores current approaches and future research directions aimed at achieving a balance between exploitation and conservation of estuarine fishes</li> <li>Discusses environmental quality objectives and sustainable management of estuary fisheries</li> <li>Addresses the impacts of increased human use of resources such as food, space, and water to estuarine fish and fisheries</li> <li>Features numerous international case studies of management of fisheries, threatened species, estuarine rehabilitation, reproduction and ontogeny, and others</li> <li>Covers study and sampling methods, field equipment, and data processing, analysis, and interpretation</li> </ul> <p><i>Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries: A Global Perspective </i>is an indispensable tool and reference point for fish biologists, fisheries scientists, ecologists and environmental scientists, aquatic ecologists, conservation biologists, estuarine managers and advanced students and instructors in fish biology and fisheries programs.</p>
<p>Dedication</p> <p>Preface</p> <p>Author Details</p> <p>Acknowledgements</p> <p><b>Chapter 1: Introduction</b></p> <p>1.1 Scope of the book</p> <p>1.2 Reasons why this synthesis is important</p> <p>1.3 Estuary definition and types</p> <p>1.4 Chapter descriptions</p> <p>1.5 Conclusions</p> <p>1.6 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 2: Fish Assemblages and Functional Groups </b></p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Zoogeography and estuarine fish assemblages</p> <p>2.3 Estuarine typology and fish assemblages</p> <p>2.4 Fish guilds and functional groups</p> <p>2.4.1 Estuarine Use Functional Group (EUFG)</p> <p>2.4.2 Feeding Mode Functional Group (FMFG)</p> <p>2.4.3 Reproductive Mode Functional Group (RMFG)</p> <p>2.5 Do functional groups drive fish assemblage structure?</p> <p>2.6 Fish functional groups and guild analyses</p> <p>2.7 Acknowledgements</p> <p>2.8 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 3: Reproduction, Ontogeny and Recruitment </b></p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>Scope of the Chapter</p> <p>3.2 Estuarine support of reproduction and recruitment</p> <p>3.2.1 Replenishment: modes and patterns</p> <p>3.2.1.1 Modes of reproduction</p> <p>3.2.1.2 Early life stages and nurseries</p> <p>3.2.2 Sources of variability in reproductive success and recruitment</p> <p>3.2.2.1 Habitat and water quality</p> <p>3.2.2.2 Hydrography and physics</p> <p>3.2.2.3 Foods of early life stages</p> <p>3.2.2.4 Predators</p> <p>3.2.2.5 Weather, climate and estuarine change</p> <p>3.3 Early-life stages and recruitment dynamics</p> <p>3.3.1 Dispersal, transport and retention</p> <p>3.3.1.1 Offshore to estuary transport processes</p> <p>3.3.1.2 Swimming as a transport mechanism</p> <p>3.3.1.3 Near- and within-estuary transport processes</p> <p>3.3.1.4 Retention: estuarine features and processes</p> <p>3.3.2 Settlement</p> <p>3.3.3 Larval and juvenile production processes</p> <p>3.3.3.1 Larval feeding</p> <p>Ontogenetic shifts and feeding success</p> <p>Nutritional considerations</p> <p>3.3.4 Larval and juvenile production: growth and mortality</p> <p>3.3.4.1 Rates and variability</p> <p>Stage durations</p> <p>3.3.4.2 Predation</p> <p>3.3.4.3 Environmental factors</p> <p>3.4 Adults and recruitment</p> <p>3.4.1 Adult stock</p> <p>3.4.1.1 Stock structure, contingents and cohorts</p> <p>3.4.1.2 Maternal effects</p> <p>3.4.2 Scales and patterns of variability in reproductive success</p> <p>3.4.2.1 Recruitment levels and variability</p> <p>3.4.2.2 Adult stock and recruitment</p> <p>3.4.2.3 Predicting and forecasting recruitment</p> <p>3.4.3 Recruitment: an integrated, evolved process</p> <p>3.5 Threats to reproduction and recruitment in estuaries</p> <p>3.5.1 Excessive fishing: depletion of adults and bycatch of juveniles</p> <p>3.5.2 Habitat destruction and degradation</p> <p>3.5.3 Impoundments and flow regulation</p> <p>3.5.4 Power plants</p> <p>3.5.5 Estuary contaminants, water quality degradation</p> <p>3.5.6 Eutrophication</p> <p>3.5.7 Climate change</p> <p>3.5.8 Catastrophic events</p> <p>3.6 Case Studies</p> <p>3.6.1 Pleuronectiformes</p> <p>3.6.2 Sciaenidae</p> <p>3.6.3 Anchoa mitchilli (Engraulidae)</p> <p>3.6.4 Brevoortia tyrannus and Brevoortia spp. (Clupeidae)</p> <p>3.6.5 Morone saxatilis (Moronidae)</p> <p>3.6.6 Gadidae and Clupeidae (Baltic Sea)</p> <p>3.6.7 Lateolabrax japonicus (Lateolabracidae)</p> <p>3.6.8 Fundulus heteroclitus (Fundulidae)</p> <p>3.7 Summary and conclusions</p> <p>3.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>3.9 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 4: Habitat Use and Connectivity</b></p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Habitat diversity</p> <p>4.2.1 Water column habitat</p> <p>4.2.2 Unstructured shallow habitats</p> <p>4.2.3 Structured benthic habitats</p> <p>4.2.3.1 Salt marshes</p> <p>4.2.3.2 Submerged aquatic vegetation</p> <p>4.2.3.3 Mangroves</p> <p>4.2.3.4 Shellfish beds</p> <p>4.2.3.5 Woody debris</p> <p>4.2.3.6 Rocky and gravel bottoms</p> <p>4.3 Geomorphological and hydrological variables</p> <p>4.4. Physico-chemical variables</p> <p>4.5 Dynamics of juvenile habitat use</p> <p>4.5.1 Temperature effects</p> <p>4.5.2 Salinity effects</p> <p>4.5.3 Diadromy</p> <p>4.5.4 Settlement habitats</p> <p>4.5.5 Connectivity among habitats</p> <p>4.5.6 Alien species</p> <p>4.6 Adult habitat</p> <p>4.7 Habitat fidelity and juvenile and adult fishes</p> <p>4.8 Ecological context</p> <p>4.9 Connectivity between estuarine, freshwater and marine ecosystems</p> <p>4.9.1 Migrations into estuaries</p> <p>4.9.2 Migrations out of estuaries</p> <p>4.9.3 Migrations between estuaries</p> <p>4.10 Conclusions</p> <p>4.11 Acknowledgements</p> <p>4.12 References</p> <p><b>*Chapter 5: Feeding Ecology and Trophic Dynamics</b></p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Fish foraging behaviour and food intake</p> <p>5.2.1 Prey detection</p> <p>5.2.2 Feeding periodicity</p> <p>5.2.3 Food intake</p> <p>5.2.4 Feeding movements and migrations</p> <p>5.3 Factors influencing feeding ecology</p> <p>5.3.1 Environmental factors</p> <p>5.3.1.1 Water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen</p> <p>5.3.1.2 Tidal regime and substratum composition</p> <p>5.3.2 Biological factors</p> <p>5.3.2.1 Body size</p> <p>5.3.2.2 Ontogenetic changes in fish diets</p> <p>5.3.3 Foraging specializations</p> <p>5.3.4 Opportunistic versus specialised feeding</p> <p>5.4 Ecotrophomorphology</p> <p>5.5 Trophic categorization</p> <p>5.5.1 Herbivorous species</p> <p>5.5.2 Detritivorous species</p> <p>5.5.3 Zoobenthivorous species</p> <p>5.5.4 Zooplanktivorous species</p> <p>5.5.5 Piscivorous species</p> <p>5.5.5.1 Cannabilism</p> <p>5.6 Competition, resource partitioning, energy flow and connectivity</p> <p>5.6.1 Intraspecific and interspecific competition</p> <p>5.6.2 Resource portioning</p> <p>5.6.3 Energy flow and connectivity</p> <p>5.7 Fishbase approach to Functional Feeding Groups</p> <p>5.7.1 Example of a FFG analysis</p> <p>5.8 Fish food sources in estuaries</p> <p>5.8.1 Submerged macrophyte habitats</p> <p>5.8.2 Emergent macrophyte habitats</p> <p>5.9 Food web complexity</p> <p>5.9.1 Vertical and horizontal feeding patterns by fishes</p> <p>5.10 Predators of fish in estuaries</p> <p>5.10.1 Invertebrates</p> <p>5.10.2 Birds</p> <p>5.10.3 Reptiles</p> <p>5.10.4 Mammals</p> <p>5.11 Effects of natural and anthropogenic perturbations on food webs</p> <p>5.12 Acknowledgements</p> <p>5.13 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 6: Fishes and Estuarine Environmental Health</b></p> <p>6.1 Estuarine environmental health: concepts, definitions and assessment</p> <p>6.2 Anthropogenic pressures impacting estuarine fish assemblages</p> <p>6.2.1 Habitat loss and physical degradation</p> <p>6.2.2 Pollution</p> <p>6.2.3 River flow regulation</p> <p>6.2.4 Fisheries and aquaculture</p> <p>6.2.5 Non-indigenous species</p> <p>6.2.6 Climate change</p> <p>6.2.7 Integration of human pressures: the global change context</p> <p>6.3 Fishes biomarkers responding to human pressures</p> <p>6.3.1 Fish biomarkers and biomagnification</p> <p>6.3.2 Biomarkers of exposure</p> <p>6.4 Fishes as biological indicators</p> <p>6.5 Main methodological approaches to assess estuarine health using fish as indicators</p> <p>6.5.1 Historical data and reference conditions</p> <p>6.5.2 Experimental approaches</p> <p>6.5.3 Environmental impact assessment and other risk assessment methods</p> <p>6.5.4 Qualitative methods</p> <p>6.5.5 Quantitative indicators</p> <p>6.5.6 Models</p> <p>6.6 Environmental health fish-based indices</p> <p>6.7 Disentangling fish responses in the multi-stress context of global changes</p> <p>6.7.1 Univariate approaches</p> <p>6.7.2 Multivariate approaches</p> <p>6.8 Future research directions</p> <p>6.9 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 7: Climate Change and Fishes in Estuaries</b></p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Global, regional and local patterns</p> <p>7.2.1 Predictors of fish taxonomic diversity at global and regional scales</p> <p>7.2.2 Predictors of fish taxonomic diversity at local scales</p> <p>7.2.3 Predictors of fish functional diversity at global, regional and local scales</p> <p>7.3 Potential impacts of environmental/climate stressors on estuarine fish</p> <p>7.3.1 Salinity and freshwater flow impacts</p> <p>7.3.2 Temperature impacts</p> <p>7.3.3 Dissolved oxygen impacts</p> <p>7.3.4 Impacts of elevated CO2</p> <p>7.3.5 Sea level rise</p> <p>7.3.6 Estuary entrance channel openings and fish access</p> <p>7.3.7 Disease</p> <p>7.4 Climate change and fisheries in estuaries</p> <p>7.4.1 Links to fisheries catches</p> <p>7.4.2 Socio-economic effects and management implications</p> <p>7.5 Case studies</p> <p>7.5.1 Arctic</p> <p>7.5.2 Temperate northern Atlantic</p> <p>7.5.3 Temperate northern Pacific</p> <p>7.5.4 Tropical Atlantic</p> <p>7.5.5 Indo-Pacific</p> <p>7.5.6 Temperate South America</p> <p>7.5.7 Temperate southern Africa</p> <p>7.5.8 Temperate Australia</p> <p>7.6 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions</p> <p>7.7 Acknowledgements</p> <p>7.8 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 8: Estuarine Degradation and Rehabilitation</b></p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.1.1 Hazards and risks to estuarine fish and fisheries and their habitats</p> <p>8.1.2 Effects of climate change on estuarine fish and fisheries</p> <p>8.1.3 Effects of estuarine degradation on ecosystem services</p> <p>8.1.4 Effects of estuarine degradation on water quality and impacts on fish</p> <p>8.1.5 Heavy metals</p> <p>8.1.6 Organic pollutants</p> <p>8.1.7 Pharmaceutical and personal care products</p> <p>8.1.8 Nutrients</p> <p>8.1.9 Effects on water quantity, hydropeak and flow alteration on fish</p> <p>8.1.10 Effects on fishing</p> <p>8.2 Estuarine restoration and habitat creation</p> <p>8.3 Current practices</p> <p>8.4 Ecological engineering</p> <p>8.5 Contribution of modelling tools to more process-based restoration objectives</p> <p>8.5.1 Introduction</p> <p>8..5.2 Framework</p> <p>8.5.2.1 Towards a more process-orientated approach</p> <p>8.5.2.2 Towards integrated objectives</p> <p>8.6 Why modelling processes?</p> <p>8.6.1 Physical phenomena</p> <p>8.6.2 Species use of the estuarine environment and compartmental interactions</p> <p>8.6.3 Overview</p> <p>8.7 Modelling tools</p> <p>8.7.1 Biogeochemical modelling</p> <p>8.7.2 Hydromorphological-sedimentary modelling</p> <p>8.8 Life cycle modelling</p> <p>8.8.1 ‘Static’ approaches: statistical habitat suitability</p> <p>8.8.2 Dynamic approach: the probability to attaining suitable habitats</p> <p>8.9 Food web modelling</p> <p>8.10 The way forward</p> <p>8.11 From theory to practice</p> <p>8.11.1 A case study of restoration in the Schelde Estuary</p> <p>8.11.2 Ecological restoration by opportunity: an example from the Gironde Estuary</p> <p>8.11.2.1 Gironde restoration summary</p> <p>8.11.3 Case study – restoration of former salt hay farms</p> <p>8.11.4 Case study – habitat alteration and restoration linked to a common reed invasion</p> <p>8.11.5 Restoration of whole estuaries and wetland systems</p> <p>8.12 Concluding comments</p> <p>8.13 Acknowledgements</p> <p>8.14 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 9: Estuarine Fisheries</b></p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 Estuarine fishery sectors</p> <p>9.3 Problems and issues in fisheries</p> <p>9.4 Fishery yields</p> <p>9.5 Estuarine fisheries: a selection of case studies</p> <p>9.5.1 Asian fisheries</p> <p>9.5.1.1 The Hilsa Fishery, South Asia</p> <p>9.5.1.2 The Lake Chilika Fishery, India</p> <p>9.5.1.3 The Pichavaram Fishery, India</p> <p>9.5.1.4 The Larut-Matang Fishery, Indonesia</p> <p>9.5.2 African fisheries</p> <p>9.5.2.1 The Kosi Bay Lakes Fishery, South Africa</p> <p>9.5.2.2 The Sundays Estuary Fishery, South Africa</p> <p>9.5.2.3 The Ébrié Lagoon Fishery, Ivory Coast</p> <p>9.5.3 South and Central American fisheries</p> <p>9.5.3.1 The Gulf of Nicoya Fishery, Costa Rica</p> <p>9.5.3.2 The Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta Fishery, Columbia</p> <p>9.5.3.3 The fisheries of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela</p> <p>9.5.3.4 The Valenca Delta Fishery, Brazil</p> <p>9.5.4 Australasian fisheries</p> <p>9.5.4.1 Lates calcarifer fisheries of Australia and Papua New Guinea</p> <p>9.5.5 European and North American fisheries</p> <p>9.6 The main fishery species in Europe and North America</p> <p>9.6.1 Diadromous species</p> <p>9.6.2 Marine seasonal migrants as adults</p> <p>9.6.3 Marine migrants as juveniles</p> <p>9.6.4 Estuarine-resident species</p> <p>9.7 Connectivity</p> <p>9.8 Concluding remarks</p> <p>9.9 Acknowledgements</p> <p>9.10 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 10: Conservation of Estuarine Fishes</b></p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Analysis of threats to estuarine fish conservation</p> <p>10.2.1 Fisheries</p> <p>10.2.2 Habitat alteration/loss</p> <p>10.2.3 Water quality and quantity alterations</p> <p>10.2.4 Climate change</p> <p>10.2.5 Non-native species</p> <p>10.3 Conservation interventions and instruments</p> <p>10.3.1 Legislative frameworks</p> <p>10.3.1.1 International initiatives</p> <p>10.3.1.2 Regional initiatives</p> <p>10.3.1.3 National initiatives</p> <p>10.3.1.4 Environmental non-governmental organisations</p> <p>10.3.2 Role of protected areas</p> <p>10.3.3 Rehabilitation and habitat restoration</p> <p>10.3.4 Catchment conservation</p> <p>10.3.5 Captive breeding and stocking</p> <p>10.4 Threatened species and extinction risk: some case studies</p> <p>10.4.1 Estuarine pipefish Syngnathus watermeyeri</p> <p>10.4.2 Ganges shark Glyphis gangeticus</p> <p>10.4.3 Totoaba Totoaba macdonaldi</p> <p>10.4.4 European eel Anguilla anguilla</p> <p>10.4.5 Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi</p> <p>10.5 Current and future challenges</p> <p>10.6 Conclusions</p> <p>10.7 Acknowledgements and dedication</p> <p>10.8 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 11: Non-native Species in Estuaries</b></p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 What conditions favor non-native species in estuaries?</p> <p>11.2.1 Overview</p> <p>11.2.2 San Francisco Estuary</p> <p>11.2.3 Baltic Sea</p> <p>11.2.4 Chesapeake Bay</p> <p>11.2.5 Tagus Estuary</p> <p>11.2.6 South African estuaries</p> <p>11.2.7 Overview</p> <p>11.3 What are the characteristics of successful non-native estuarine fishes?</p> <p>11.3.1 General characteristics</p> <p>11.3.2 Taxonomy</p> <p>11.3.3 Mode of introduction</p> <p>11.4 Do non-native species become integrated into the biota of estuaries?</p> <p>11.4.1 Alternatives to species invasions</p> <p>11.4.2 Novel species, novel ecosystems</p> <p>11.4.3 Overview</p> <p>11.5 How should non-native species in estuaries be managed?</p> <p>11.6 How do non-native fishes fit into estuarine ecosystems?</p> <p>11.7 Conclusions</p> <p>11.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>11.9 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 12: Management of Fishes and Fisheries in Estuaries</b></p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 Management background, aims and philosophies</p> <p>12.2.1 Background and basis for management</p> <p>12.2.2 Environmental Quality Objectives and sustainable management</p> <p>  12.2.2.1 Indicators and monitoring as tools in management</p> <p> 12.2.3 Information for estuarine management</p> <p>12.2.3.1 Information needs and communicating management issues</p> <p>12.2.3.2 Information and data production, use and dissemination</p> <p>12.2.4 Case studies of priority issues for management</p> <p>12.2.4.1 Australia</p> <p>12.2.4.2 Humber (UK)</p> <p>12.2.4.3 United States of America</p> <p>12.3 Management of activities and habitats, monitoring and surveillance</p> <p>12.3.1 Estuarine environmental management</p> <p>12.3.2 Monitoring of activities for management</p> <p>12.3.3 Licencing of plans and projects</p> <p>12.3.4 Cumulative effects assessment</p> <p>12.3.5 Management of recreational fishing</p> <p>12.3.6 Management of habitats</p> <p>12.3.6.1 Management of loss and gain in estuarine habitats</p> <p>12.4 Management approaches at whole catchment and estuary level</p> <p>12.4.1 Management of catchments</p> <p>12.4.2 Whole estuary management approaches</p> <p>12.4.3 Determining if estuarine management is successful</p> <p>12.4.4 Estuarine management: holistic case studies</p> <p>12.4.4.1 New Zealand</p> <p>12.4.4.2 Japan</p> <p>12.4.4.3 South Africa</p> <p>12.4.4.4 Eastern United States of America</p> <p>12.4.4.5 Western United States of America</p> <p>12.5 Management of species and stocks/fisheries</p> <p>12.5.1 Background</p> <p>12.5.2 Management of species and stocks case studies</p> <p>12.5.2.1 United Kingdom</p> <p>12.5.2.2 Baltic Sea</p> <p>12.5.2.3 Australia</p> <p>12.5.2.4 United States of America</p> <p>12.6 Administrative and legal aspects of managing estuarine fish ecology and fisheries</p> <p>12.6.1 Governance background</p> <p>12.6.2 European legislation</p> <p>12.6.2.1 The Water Framework Directive</p> <p>12.6.2.2 Habitat and Species Directive</p> <p>12.6.3 Administrative bodies</p> <p>12.6.3.1 Management authorities: the Humber Estuary, UK example</p> <p>12.6.3.2 Laws and administration: the USA example</p> <p>12.7 Main messages and recommendations for management</p> <p>12.8 Future research into management methods</p> <p>12.9 Acknowledgements</p> <p>12.10 References</p> <p><b>Chapter 13: Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries: Global Synthesis and Future Research Directions</b></p> <p>13.1 Introduction – Changing estuarine landscapes: habitats, research and society</p> <p>13.2 What fishes are in estuaries and why?</p> <p>13.3 Estuarine fish recruitment and habitats – connectivity across space and time</p> <p>13.3.1 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions</p> <p>13.4 How much do we really understand about the role of fish in an estuarine food web?</p> <p>13.4.1 Background</p> <p>13.4.2 Fish food resources in estuaries</p> <p>13.4.3 Factors influencing feeding movements, foraging ecology and migrations</p> <p>13.4.4 Trophic categorization</p> <p>13.4.5 Resource partitioning, energy flow and food web complexity</p> <p>13.4.6 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions</p> <p>13.5 Fishes – good indicators of environmental change?</p> <p>13.5.1 Background to the integration of human pressures</p> <p>13.5.2 Fishes as biological indicators</p> <p>13.5.3 Environmental health fish-based indices</p> <p>13.5.4 Disentangling fish responses in the multi-stress context of global changes</p> <p>13.5.5 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions</p> <p>13.6 Climate change and habitat degradation – a double whammy for fish in estuaries?</p> <p>13.6.1 Background</p> <p>13.6.2 Climate change</p> <p>13.6.3 Habitat degradation</p> <p>13.6.4 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions</p> <p>13.7 Estuarine species are invading and shifting their distributions</p> <p>13.7.1 Invasions of non-native species</p> <p>13.7.2 The ebb and flow: geographical expansion and contraction of species</p> <p>13.7.3 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions</p> <p>13.8 The importance and future of fisheries in estuaries – societal goods and benefits?</p> <p>13.8.1 Fisheries management in the future</p> <p>13.9 Estuarine fish conservation for the future</p> <p>13.9.1 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions</p> <p>13.10 Restoring and managing estuaries for fish, fisheries and habitats</p> <p>13.10.1 Management actions for restoring and rehabilitating estuaries</p> <p>13.10.2 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions</p> <p>13.11 Science-for-policy and policy-for-science – role of estuarine ichthyologists?</p> <p>13.12 Fish and fisheries research in estuaries – the way forward</p> <p>13.13 Acknowledgements</p> <p>13.14 References</p> <p><b>Appendix 1: Study Methods I - Field Equipment, Sampling and Methods</b></p> <p>A1.1 Introduction</p> <p>A1.2 Sampling methods</p> <p>A1.2.1 ‘Traditional’ sampling (nets and traps)</p> <p>A1.2.1.1 Trawl nets</p> <p>Beam trawl</p> <p>Otter trawl</p> <p>Pelagic trawl</p> <p>Other trawls</p> <p>A1.2.1.2 Seine nets</p> <p>Beach seine</p> <p>Other seine nets</p> <p>A1.2.1.3 Fixed nets and traps</p> <p>Fyke net</p> <p>Fixed net/trap (e.g. salmon and eel traps)</p> <p>Stow net</p> <p>Entangling nets (gill and trammel nets)</p> <p>Drop net and drop traps</p> <p>Pop net and pull-up traps</p> <p>Other fixed nets and traps</p> <p>A1.2.1.4 Fishing lines</p> <p>Long lines</p> <p>Hand line</p> <p>A1.2.1.5 Ichthyoplankton samplers</p> <p>Vertical and horizontal plankton nets</p> <p>Bongo net</p> <p>Gulf sampler</p> <p>Larval light traps</p> <p>A1.2.1.6 Power station screens</p> <p>A1.2.1.7 Hand gathering methods</p> <p>Glass eel tow net and elver dip net</p> <p>Push net</p> <p>Kick sampling</p> <p>A1.2.2 Visual and acoustic methods</p> <p>A1.2.2.1 Visual detection</p> <p>Diving</p> <p>Underwater video</p> <p>A1.2.2.2 Acoustic detection</p> <p>Hydroacoustics</p> <p>Acoustic cameras</p> <p>Acoustic telemetry</p> <p>A1.2.2.3 Other observation techniques</p> <p>A1.2.3 Environmental DNA methods</p> <p>A1.2.3.1 DNA analysis</p> <p>DNA and eDNA methods</p> <p>Targeted PCR methods</p> <p>High-throughput sequencing</p> <p>A1.2.3.2 Strengths and disadvantages of DNA-based methods</p> <p>Feasibility and costs</p> <p>eDNA and the possible presence of an organism in that environment</p> <p>Can eDNA provide quantitative information?</p> <p>DNA techniques for environmental monitoring</p> <p>A1.3 Factors influencing the design of fish monitoring programmes</p> <p>A1.3.1 Monitoring techniques</p> <p>A1.3.2 Spatial considerations</p> <p>A1.3.3 Temporal considerations</p> <p>A1.3.4 A decision tree for monitoring, surveillance and survey design</p> <p>A1.3.4.1 Decision level 1: definition of main questions and hypotheses</p> <p>A1.3.4.2 Decision level 2: monitoring definition</p> <p>A1.3.4.3 Decision level 3: types of survey required/desired</p> <p>A1.3.4.4 Decision level 4: associated parameters/integrated monitoring</p> <p>A1.3.4.5 Decision level 5: methods to be used in monitoring</p> <p>A1.4 Acknowledgements</p> <p>A1.5 References</p> <p><b>Appendix 2: Study Methods II - Data Processing, Analysis and Interpretation</b></p> <p>A2.1 Introduction</p> <p>A2.2 Individual level</p> <p>A2.2.1 Size</p> <p>A2.2.2 Age/growth determination (otoliths/scales)</p> <p>A2.2.3 Diet and stomach analyses</p> <p>A2.2.3.1 Prey selectivity and prey importance</p> <p>A2.2.4 Sex/gonad development (Gonadosomatic Index)</p> <p>A2.2.5 External bodies abnormalities and fish health</p> <p>A2.2.6 Toxins and bioaccumulation</p> <p>A2.3 Population level</p> <p>A2.3.1 Abundance</p> <p>A2.3.2 Biomass</p> <p>A2.3.3 Condition, disease, parasitism, and liver somatic index</p> <p>A2.3.4 Genetic structure</p> <p>A2.3.5 Cohort analysis</p> <p>A2.3.6 Growth, mortality rates and models</p> <p>A2.3.7 Production</p> <p>A2.3.7.1 Biological production</p> <p>A2.3.7.2 Fisheries production</p> <p>A2.3.8 Yield models</p> <p>A2.3.9 Use of fishery statistics</p> <p>A2.4 Community level</p> <p>A2.4.1 Community structure</p> <p>A2.4.2 Multi-metric fish-based indices</p> <p>A2.5 General analysis methods and the role of models</p> <p>A2.5.1 The types and roles of numerical models</p> <p>A2.6 Precision versus accuracy – Analytical Quality Control/Quality Assurance</p> <p>A2.7 Concluding comments</p> <p>A2.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>A2.9 References</p> <p>Fish Species Index</p> <p>Geographical Index</p> <p>General Index</p>
<p><b>Alan K. Whitfield,</B> Emeritus Chief Scientist, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa</p> <p><b>Kenneth W. Able, </b>Professor Emeritus, Marine Field Station, Rutgers University, Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA <p><b>Stephen J. M. Blaber,</b> Honorary Fellow, CSIRO Marine Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia <p><b>Michael Elliott,</b> Director, International Estuarine & Coastal Specialists Ltd, Leven, UK and Professor in Estuarine & Coastal Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
<p><b>A comprehensive reference work covering all major aspects of estuarine fish and their environment </b></p> <p><i>Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries: A Global Perspective</i> brings together the current state of knowledge of estuarine fish in one inclusive work. Featuring contributions by more than fifty internationally-recognized researchers and estuarine ichthyological specialists, this landmark resource covers fish assemblages and functional groups, recruitment and production in estuaries, feeding ecology and trophic dynamics, fisheries and the conservation of estuarine fish, and much more. <p>Thirteen in-depth chapters and two method appendices examine major aspects of fish and fisheries in estuaries throughout the world. The text describes the biology of estuarine fish and their connections with estuarine and adjacent marine and freshwater ecosystems, as well as examining the ways human industrialization and global events such as climate change are impacting both native and non-native species. Topics include habitat diversity, fish foraging behavior, ecological engineering tools and models, hazards and risks to estuarine fish and fisheries, and estuarine environmental health. Offering detailed information on the biology and ecology of estuarine fish and fisheries, this authoritative reference: <ul><li>Explores current approaches and future research directions aimed at achieving a balance between exploitation and conservation of estuarine fishes</li> <li>Discusses environmental quality objectives and sustainable management of estuary fisheries</li> <li>Addresses the impacts of increased human use of resources such as food, space, and water to estuarine fish and fisheries</li> <li>Features numerous international case studies of management of fisheries, threatened species, estuarine rehabilitation, reproduction and ontogeny, and others</li> <li>Covers study and sampling methods, field equipment, and data processing, analysis, and interpretation</li></ul> <p><i>Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries: A Global Perspective</i> is an indispensable tool and reference point for fish biologists, fisheries scientists, ecologists and environmental scientists, aquatic ecologists, conservation biologists, estuarine managers and advanced students and instructors in fish biology and fisheries programs.

Diese Produkte könnten Sie auch interessieren:

Cheese For Dummies
Cheese For Dummies
von: Culture Magazine, Laurel Miller, Thalassa Skinner, Ming Tsai
PDF ebook
14,99 €
Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide
Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide
von: Murat O. Balaban, Giovanna Ferrentino
EPUB ebook
193,99 €
Aquaculture Production Systems
Aquaculture Production Systems
von: James H. Tidwell
PDF ebook
98,99 €