Details

Introduction to Sustainability

2. Aufl.

von: Robert Brinkmann
55,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley-Blackwell
Format:	EPUB
Veröffentl.:	22.12.2020
ISBN/EAN:	9781119675495
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	464

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Titelbeschreibung

Introduction to Sustainability, Second Edition, reviews all the major themes in the cutting-edge field of sustainability. The book is suitable for introductory interdisciplinary courses on sustainability, as well as those in the fields of geography, geology, sociology, planning, political science, and anthropology. Allowing students to see the world in new ways while also encouraging them to become part of the change needed to ensure the long-term sustainability of the planet, this book is an invaluable introduction to this multifaceted and ever-changing subject. Now fully revised and updated, this second edition includes new material on the most recent developments in the field of sustainability; environmental sustainability issues like water, food, and energy; social sustainability themes like environmental justice and transportation; and economic sustainability topics like green businesses and economic development. The book concludes with a chapter on sustainability issues in college and universities. Brinkmann intersperses many fascinating case studies and text boxes that encourage students to deeply explore the material. This is a book that not only organizes the complex field of sustainability, but also encourages students to take action to make the world a better place.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Acknowledgments xv About the Author xvii About the Companion Website xix 1 Roots of the Modern Sustainability Movement 1 Meaning of Sustainability 1 Nineteenth Century Environmentalism 3 Pinchot, Roosevelt, and Muir 5 Aldo Leopold and the Land Ethic 6 Better Living Through Chemistry, The Great Smog of 1952, and Rachel Carson 8 Environmental Activism of the 1960s and 1970s and the Development of Environmental Policy 10 The Growth of Environmental Laws in the 1960s and 1970s 13 The First Earth Day 14 International Concerns 14 Ozone and the World Comes Together 15 Globalization and the Brundtland Report 16 Deep Ecology 18 Environmental Justice 19 Measuring Sustainability 21 The Climate Change Challenge 23 The Road Ahead 24 Organization 26 2 Understanding Natural Systems 29 The Earth, its Layers, and the Rock Cycle 29 The Rock Cycle 32 Biogeochemical Cycles 33 Water and the Water Cycle 34 The Carbon Cycle and Global Climate Change 37 Global Climate Change and the Carbon Cycle 38 The Sulfur Cycle 40 The Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles 42 Nitrate Pollution of groundwater 45 Organisms and Ecosystems 46 Urban Ecosystems 49 Understanding the Anthropocene 53 3 Measuring Sustainability 57 The United Nations Millennium Goals 58 The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 59 National sustainability planning 60 Canada 64 Bhutan 67 Regional sustainability planning 69 Local sustainability measurement 73 Green local governments in Florida 75 Specific community plans 79 PlaNYC 79 London and sustainability 81 Small towns and sustainability 84 Business sustainability 85 4 Energy 89 World Energy Production and Consumption 89 Traditional or “Dirty” Energy Resources 91 Oil 91 Oil shale and tar sands 93 Natural gas 95 Coal 97 Coal mining 98 Pollution from coal 99 Green energy 100 Biomass 100 Biomass: wood, manure, peat, and other organic sources 100 Burning of garbage: waste-to-energy 101 Conversion of biomass to liquid or gas fuel 102 Wind energy 103 Solar energy 105 Passive solar energy 105 Active solar energy 106 Concentrated solar power 107 Critiques of solar power 107 Nuclear energy 107 Other innovations 110 Energy efficiency 110 Living off the grid 112 5 Global Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Management 113 The end of nature? 113 The science of global climate change: The greenhouse effect 114 Water vapor 116 Carbon dioxide 116 Methane 118 Sinks of carbon 120 Forests 120 Reefs 120 The IPCC and evidence for climate change, and the future of our planet 121 Ocean acidification 122 Phenological changes 123 Conducting greenhouse gas inventories 124 Step 1 Setting boundaries 125 Step 2 Defining scope 125 Step 3 Choosing a quantitative approach 126 Step 4 Setting a baseline year 126 Step 5 Engaging stakeholders 126 Step 6 Procuring certification 127 Greenhouse gas equivalents used in greenhouse gas accounting 127 Greenhouse gas emission scopes 128 De minimis emissions 129 Computing greenhouse gas credits 129 Climate action plans 129 Religion and climate change 135 Evangelical Environmental Network 136 Young Evangelicals for Climate Action 136 Catholic Climate Covenant 136 Jewish Climate Change Campaign 137 The International Muslim Conference on Climate Change 138 Buddhist Declaration on Climate Change 138 Hindu Declaration on Climate Change 138 Art, culture, and climate change 139 Swoon 139 Raul Cardenas Osuna and Toro Labs 139 Isaac Cordal 140 6 Water 143 Sources of water 143 Consumption trends 148 Sources of water pollution 150 Agricultural pollution 150 Industrial pollution 150 Storm water pollution 151 Sewage 152 Leaking underground tanks 153 Landfills 153 Water management and conservation 155 National and regional water conservation and management 155 Water as a tool for regional development 156 Water supply management 157 Hard path water management 157 Soft path water management 158 Water management and innovation 159 Water quality 161 Understanding drainage basins 168 Drainage basins out of synch 169 Drainage basin pollution 169 Stream profile and base level 169 Lakes 169 Seas 171 Oceans 171 7 Food and Agriculture 173 Development of modern agriculture 173 Meat production 177 Piggeries 178 Feed lots 179 Chicken houses 179 World agricultural statistics 181 Food deserts and obesity 182 Sustainable alternatives to the industrial food movement 185 Vegetarianism and veganism 185 Organic farming 186 Small farm movement 186 Locavores 188 Farm to table 189 Community sponsored agriculture 191 Community gardens 193 Farmers’ markets 193 Beekeeping 195 The urban chicken movement 196 Guerilla gardening, freegans, and other radical approaches to food 196 8 Green Building 201 LEED rating systems 201 Site selection 204 Brownfield development 204 Other aspects of sustainable building siting 207 Water use 207 Energy and atmospheric health 208 Materials and resources 210 Material re-use 211 Recycled content of construction material 211 Locally derived materials 211 Renewable materials and certified sustainable wood 212 Waste management 212 Summary 213 Indoor environmental quality 213 Ventilation and air delivery monitoring 213 Construction indoor air quality management 214 Use of low-emitting materials 214 Indoor chemical and pollution source control 215 Controllability and design of lighting and temperature systems 215 Access to daylight 215 Summary 215 Innovation 215 Regional priorities 216 Expansion of green building technology 216 Other green building rating systems 216 BREEAM 217 PassivHaus 219 Green building policy 220 Critiques of green building 221 The greenest building and historic preservation 222 Small house movement 226 Further reading 229 9 Transportation 231 Transportation options 232 Vehicles 232 Cars 234 Trucks 234 Vehicles and fuels 235 Electric cars 237 Automated Vehicles 238 Rail 238 Ship transport 239 Bulk carriers 239 Container ships 239 Tankers 240 Refrigerated ships 240 Roll-on/roll-off ships 240 Environmental issues associated with ship transport 240 Air transport 241 Space travel 243 Roads 245 Environmental issues with roads 246 Storm water pollution management 246 Street sweeping 250 Ground stability 250 Mass transit 252 Forms of mass transit 252 Railways 252 Light rail 253 Buses 253 Bus rapid transit 254 Ferries 254 Transit hubs and transit-oriented development 254 The future 255 10 Pollution and Waste 259 Pollution 259 Chemical pollution 259 Metals 259 Organic compounds 260 Nutrients 261 Radioactive Pollutants 262 Pharmaceutical pollutants 263 Heat pollution 263 Light pollution 264 Noise pollution 265 Visual pollution 265 Littering 266 Understanding pollution distribution 266 The US approach to pollution 268 Clean Air Act 268 Clean Water Act 270 National Environmental Policy Act 271 Superfund 272 Sewage treatment 274 Sewage and sustainability 277 Garbage and recycling 277 Garbage composition 278 Managing garbage 278 Landfills 279 Reducing waste 280 Composting 281 Recycling 281 11 Environmental Justice 287 Social justice 287 Civil rights and the modern environmental movement in the United States 290 Lead pollution and the growth of the urban environmental justice movement 291 Environmental racism in the United States 293 Brownfields, community re-development, and environmental justice 295 US EPA and environmental justice 297 Indigenous people and environmental justice 299 Exporting environmental problems 300 Environmental justice around the world 301 Environmental justice in Europe 302 Environmental justice in Asia and the Pacific 302 The Three Gorges Dam 302 Bhopal and environmental justice in India 303 Tuvalu and global climate change 304 Environmental justice in Africa 305 Environmental justice in Latin America and the Caribbean: oil pollution in Ecuador 306 Environmental justice in a Globalized World 308 12 Sustainability Planning and Governance 313 Local governments and their structure 313 The role of citizens and stakeholders in local government 314 Community stakeholders 315 Boundaries and types of local governments 316 Leadership 319 Efforts to aid local governments on sustainability issues 319 Scale and local governments 321 Green regional development 322 Sustainable development 326 Globalization 327 Development of globalization 328 Drivers of globalization 329 Internet and communications 329 Transportation 330 Economic development 331 Transnational organizations 332 War and sustainability 339 Further reading 342 13 Sustainability, Economics, and the Global Commons 343 The global commons 343 Economic processes that put the Earth out of balance 345 Social and economic theories 346 Neoclassical economics 346 Environmental critiques of neoliberalism 347 Environmental economics 349 Cost-benefit analysis and its application in environmental economics 349 Environmental impact assessment 351 Environmental ethics 352 Green economics 352 Non-capitalistic economies 353 Deep ecology 353 Ecofeminism 356 Destruction regardless of theory 356 Environmental economics: externalities 357 Measuring the economy 358 Green jobs 362 14 Corporate and Organizational Sustainability Management 371 Cognitive dissonance 371 Why are businesses concerned with sustainability? 372 Profit 372 Public relations 372 Altruism 372 Concern over the long-term sustainability of the industry 373 Professional standards and norms 373 Total quality management and sustainability 373 People, planet, and profits 374 Ray Anderson, the father of the green corporation and the growth of green corporate environmentalism 379 Anderson’s legacy 380 Greenwashing in the corporate world 380 Green consumers 380 Global Reporting Initiative 382 Sustainability reporting in the S & P 500 382 Dow Jones Sustainability Index 385 Sustainability reporting 388 International Organization for Standardization (ISO): ISO 14000 and ISO 26000 388 ISO 14000 388 ISO 26000 388 Case studies of sustainability at the corporate level 389 Walmart 391 Unilever 393 Lessons from Walmart and Unilever 395 Can businesses with unsustainable products be sustainable? 396 15 Sustainability at Universities, Colleges, and Schools 401 Curriculum at colleges and universities 401 Sustainability curriculum at K-12 schools 403 External benchmarking 405 American Association for Sustainability in Higher Education 405 Presidents’ Climate Leadership Commitments 406 Other external benchmarking organizations 408 Internal initiatives 409 Sustainability officers 410 Sustainability committees 411 Food service 411 Student and faculty activism 414 Building your own case study 417 Sustainability at Oxford: a campus commitment 418 Making school lunches healthier in the United States 419 The cow powered carbon neutral campus 421 Whitman College builds wind turbines on campus farm 421 Stanford University: dumping the car for bikes 422 Green fleets: The University of South Florida’s biodiesel Bullrunner 422 Community engagement at Portland State University 423 Green buildings on college campuses: University of Florida goes for gold 424 Native and sustainable landscaping at one of the largest schools in the nation: Valencia College 425 Campus archaeology at Michigan State University 425 Index 427

Autorenportrait

ROBERT (BOB) BRINKMANN is the Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Northern Illiinois University where he is also a Professor in the Department of Geology and Environment and is the author of many books and research articles in the field of sustainability. Bob has served as an officer in many organizations including Chair of the Board of the National Cave and Karst Research Institute.

Back cover copy

Introduction to Sustainability, Second Edition, reviews all the major themes in the cutting-edge field of sustainability. The book is suitable for introductory interdisciplinary courses on sustainability, as well as those in the fields of geography, geology, sociology, planning, political science, and anthropology. Allowing students to see the world in new ways while also encouraging them to become part of the change needed to ensure the long-term sustainability of the planet, this book is an invaluable introduction to this multifaceted and ever-changing subject. Now fully revised and updated, this second edition includes new material on the most recent developments in the field of sustainability; environmental sustainability issues like water, food, and energy; social sustainability themes like environmental justice and transportation; and economic sustainability topics like green businesses and economic development. The book concludes with a chapter on sustainability issues in college and universities. Brinkmann intersperses many fascinating case studies and text boxes that encourage students to deeply explore the material. This is a book that not only organizes the complex field of sustainability, but also encourages students to take action to make the world a better place.