Details

<p>Preface xi</p> <p>Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management 1</p> <p><b>1 Sustainability Goals for Urban Water and Solid Waste Systems 3</b></p> <p>1.1 Introduction to Urban Sustainability / 3</p> <p>1.2 Historic and Current Urban Paradigms / 8</p> <p>Paradigms of Urbanization / 9</p> <p>1.3 Global Climate Changes / 14</p> <p>1.4 Need for a Paradigm Shift to Sustainability / 16</p> <p>1.5 Population Increase, Urbanization, and the Rise of Megalopolises / 19</p> <p>Waste Accumulation / 23</p> <p>Brief Outlook Toward the Future / 23</p> <p>1.6 What Is a Sustainable Ecocity? / 24</p> <p>Impact of Global Warming and Continuing Overuse of Resources / 28</p> <p>The UN 2015 Resolution of Sustainability / 28</p> <p><b>2 the New Paradigm of Urban Water, Energy, and Resources Management 31</b></p> <p>2.1 The Search for a New Paradigm / 31</p> <p>2.2 From Linear to Hybrid Urban Metabolism / 33</p> <p>Circular Economy / 37</p> <p>2.3 Urban Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change / 40</p> <p>Engineering and Infrastructure Hazards and Disaster Resilience / 42</p> <p>Socioecological or Governance Resilience / 48</p> <p><b>3 Goals and Criteria of Urban Sustainability 51</b></p> <p>3.1 Review of Existing Sustainability Criteria / 51</p> <p>LEED Criteria for Buildings and Subdivisions / 53</p> <p>Triple Net-Zero (TNZ) Goals / 54</p> <p>Water Footprint / 56</p> <p>GHG (Carbon Dioxide) Net-Zero Footprint Goal / 58</p> <p>Water/Energy Nexus / 60</p> <p>Ecological Footprint / 60</p> <p>3.2 Zero Solid Waste to Landfill Goal and Footprint / 61</p> <p>Landfill Gas (LFG) / 64</p> <p>Exporting Garbage / 68</p> <p>Swedish Recycling Revolution / 68</p> <p>3.3 Importance of Recycling versus Combusting or Landfilling / 69</p> <p><b>4 Origin of Hydrogen Energy, GHG Emissions, And Climatic Changes 73</b></p> <p>4.1 Introduction to Energy / 73</p> <p>Energy Definitions and Units / 73</p> <p>Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) / 76</p> <p>4.2 Hydrogen Energy / 79</p> <p>Blue and Green Sources of Hydrogen on Earth / 79</p> <p>Hydrogen as a Source of Energy / 84</p> <p>Vision of Hydrogen Role in the (Near) Future / 89</p> <p>4.3 Carbon Dioxide Sequestering and Reuse / 91</p> <p>Stopping the Atmospheric CO₂ Increase and Reversing the Trend / 91</p> <p>Sequestering CO₂ / 93</p> <p>Non-CCUS Reuse of Carbon Dioxide / 96</p> <p>Recycling / 97</p> <p>4.4 Solar and Wind Blue Power / 98</p> <p>Solar Power / 98</p> <p>Wind Power / 103</p> <p>Green and Blue Energy Storage / 106</p> <p>4.5 Food/Water/Energy/Climate Nexus / 108</p> <p>4.6 World and US Energy Outlook / 110</p> <p><b>5 Decentralized Hierarchical Urban Water, Used Water, Solids, and Energy Management Systems 117</b></p> <p>5.1 Economy of Scale Dogma Forced Centralized Management 45 Years Ago / 117</p> <p>5.2 Distributed Building and Cluster Level Designs and Management / 119</p> <p>Cluster or Neighborhood Level Water and Energy Recovery / 121</p> <p>5.3 Flow Separation: Gray Water Reclamation and Reuse / 126</p> <p>Tap a Sewer, Keep the Liquid, and Sell the Solids / 132</p> <p>Integrated District Water and Energy Providing Loop / 136</p> <p>Energy Savings and GHG Reduction by Gray Water Reuse in Clusters / 137</p> <p><b>6 Biophilic Sustainable Landscape and Low Impact Development 141</b></p> <p>6.1 Urban Nature and Biophilic Designs / 141</p> <p>Biophilic Designs / 142</p> <p>6.2 Low-Impact Development / 144</p> <p>Classification of LID (SUDS) Practices / 149</p> <p>6.3 Restoring, Daylighting, and Creating Urban Water Bodies / 165</p> <p>Stream Restoration / 165</p> <p>Waterscapes / 169</p> <p>Vertical Forests and Systems / 170</p> <p>6.4 Biophilic Urban Biomass Management and Carbon Sequestering / 171</p> <p>Lawns and Grass Clippings / 172</p> <p>Other Vegetation / 172</p> <p><b>7 Building Blocks of the Regional Integrated Resources Recovery Facility (IRRF) 175</b></p> <p>7.1 Traditional Aerobic Treatment / 175</p> <p>GHG Emissions from Traditional Regional Water/Resources Recovery Facilities / 178</p> <p>7.2 Energy-Producing Treatment / 179</p> <p>Anaerobic Digestion and Decomposition / 179</p> <p>Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatment and Energy Recovery (Use) Processes / 182</p> <p>Acid Fermentation and Its Hydrogen Production / 184</p> <p>Anaerobic Treatment / 188</p> <p>7.3 Triple Net-Zero: COF Future Direction and Integrated Resource Recovery Facilities / 189</p> <p>Goals of the Future IRRFs and Enabling Technologies / 190</p> <p>Energy Recovery in a Centralized Concept with Anaerobic Treatment and Digestion as the Core Technology / 192</p> <p>Anaerobic Energy Production and Recovery Units and Processes / 194</p> <p>High Rate Anaerobic Treatment Systems / 195</p> <p>7.4 Co-Digestion of Sludge with Other Organic Matter / 203</p> <p>7.5 Conversion of Chemical and Sensible Energy in Used Water into Electricity and Heat / 207</p> <p><b>8 Integrating Gasification and Developing An Integrated “waste to Energy” Power Plant 211</b></p> <p>8.1 Traditional Waste-to-Energy Systems / 211</p> <p>Incineration / 212</p> <p>Heat Energy to Dry the Solids / 215</p> <p>8.2 Pyrolysis and Gasification / 216</p> <p>Gasification of Digested Residual Used Water Solids with MSW / 218</p> <p>Gasification of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) / 221</p> <p>8.3 Converting Biogas to Electricity / 232</p> <p>Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) to Syngas and Then to Hydrogen / 234</p> <p>8.4 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) and Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) / 235</p> <p>Increasing Hydrogen Energy Production / 236</p> <p>Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) / 236</p> <p>Modifications of MFCs to MECs for Hydrogen Production / 238</p> <p>Hybrid Fermentation and the MEC System / 241</p> <p>8.5 Hydrogen Yield Potential by Indirect Gasification / 242</p> <p>Sources of Energy Hydrogen / 244</p> <p>Maximizing Hydrogen Energy Yield by Selecting the Proper Technologies / 251</p> <p>8.6 Hydrogen Fuel Cells / 249</p> <p>Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) / 250</p> <p>Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) / 253</p> <p>Producing Hydrogen and Oxygen by Electrolysis / 254</p> <p>Gas Separation / 256</p> <p>8.7 The IRRF Power Plant / 257</p> <p>Hydrogen-CO₂ Separator / 260</p> <p>Carbon Dioxide Sequestering in an IRRF / 262</p> <p>Carbon Dioxide Capture and Concentration by the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell / 264</p> <p><b>9 Nutrient Recovery 265</b></p> <p>9.1 The Need to Recover, Not Just Remove Nutrients / 265</p> <p>9.2 Biological Nutrient Removal and Recovery / 267</p> <p>Traditional Nutrient Removal Processes / 267</p> <p>Anammox / 268</p> <p>Phosphorus Biological Removal and Limited Recovery / 270</p> <p>MEC Can Recover Struvite / 272</p> <p>9.3 Unit Processes Recovering Nutrients / 273</p> <p>Urine Separation / 273</p> <p>Nutrient Separation / 274</p> <p>Phytoseparation of Nutrients / 275</p> <p>Chemical Removal and Recovery of Nutrients / 283</p> <p>Phosphorus Flow in the Distributed Urban System / 285</p> <p>Nutrients in Gasifier Ash / 286</p> <p><b>10 Building the Sustainable Integrated System 291</b></p> <p>10.1 Assembling the System / 291</p> <p>Concepts, Building Blocks, and Inputs / 291</p> <p>10.2 Upgrading Traditional Systems to Cities of the Future / 295</p> <p>Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Plan / 295</p> <p>Danish Billund BioRefinery / 296</p> <p>Integrating MSW / 299</p> <p>10.3 Visionary Mid-Twenty-First Century Regional Resource Recovery Alternative / 304</p> <p>The Power Plant / 309</p> <p>10.4 Water–Energy Nexus and Resource Recovery of Three Alternative Designs / 311</p> <p>Three Alternatives / 311</p> <p>Inputs to the Analyses / 315</p> <p>CO₂ /Kw-h Ratio for the Alternatives / 319</p> <p>Discussion and Results / 321</p> <p><b>11 Closing the Quest Toward Triple Net-zero Urban Systems 337</b></p> <p>11.1 Community Self-Reliance on TMZ System for Power and Recovering Resources / 337</p> <p>11.2 Economic Benefits and Approximate Costs of the 2040+ Integrated Water/Energy/MSW Management / 341</p> <p>Cost of Green and Blue Energies Is Decreasing / 342</p> <p>11.3 Can It Be Done in Time to Save the Earth from Irreversible Damage? / 349</p> <p>Political-Economical Tools / 349</p> <p>The Process to Achieve the Goals / 351</p> <p>References 357</p> <p>Index 385</p>

<p><b>VLADIMIR NOVOTNY</b> is Professor Emeritus at Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI and Northeastern University, Boston, MA, as well as managing partner at AquaNova LLC. He has over 50 years' experience in teaching and research in the fields of water quality and environmental management, wastewater treatment plant design, and nonpoint pollution identification and management.

<p><b>A guide for urban areas to achieve sustainability by recovering water, energy, and solids</b> <p><i>Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management</i> presents an integrated and sustainable system of urban water, used (waste) water, and waste solids management that would save and protect water quality, recover energy and other resources from used water and waste solids including plastics, and minimize or eliminate the need for landfills. The author—a noted expert on the topic—explains how to accomplish sustainability with drainage infrastructures connected to receiving waters that protect or mimic nature and are resilient to natural and anthropogenic stresses, including extreme events. <p>The book shows how to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses to net-zero level through water conservation, recycling, and generating blue and green energy from waste by emerging emission free technologies while simultaneously installing solar power on houses and wind power in communities. Water conservation and stormwater capture can provide good water quality for diverse applications from natural and reclaimed water to blue and green energy and other resources for use by present and future generations. This important book: <ul> <li>Considers municipal solid waste as an ongoing source of energy and resources that will eliminate the need for landfills and can be processed along with used water</li> <li>Presents an integrated approach to urban sustainability</li> <li>Offers an approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by communities to net zero</li> </ul> <p>Written for students, urban planners, managers, and waste management professionals, <i>Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management</i> is a must-have guide for achieving sustainable integrated water, energy, and resource recovery in urban areas.

US