Details

Environmental Psychology


Environmental Psychology

An Introduction
BPS Textbooks in Psychology 2. Aufl.

von: Linda Steg, Judith I. M. de Groot

28,99 €

Verlag: Wiley-Blackwell
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 16.11.2018
ISBN/EAN: 9781119241041
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 448

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Beschreibungen

<p><b>The updated edition of the essential guide to environmental psychology</b></p> <p>Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition, <i>Environmental Psychology: An Introduction</i> offers an overview of the interplay between humans and their environments. The text examines the influence of the environment on human experiences, behaviour and well-being and explores the factors influencing environmental behaviour, and ways to encourage pro-environmental behaviour. The revised edition is a state-of-the art review of relevant theories and research on each of these topics.</p> <p>With contributions from an international panel of noted experts, the text addresses a wealth of topics including the main research methods in environmental psychology; effects of environmental stress; emotional impacts and meanings of natural environment experience; aesthetic appraisals of architecture; how to measure environmental behaviour; cognitive, emotional and social factors explaining environmental behaviour; effects and acceptability of strategies to promote pro-environmental factors; and much more. This important book:</p> <ul> <li>Discusses the environmental factors that threaten and promote human wellbeing</li> <li>Explores a wide range of factors influencing actions that affect environmental conditions</li> <li>Discusses the effects and acceptability of approaches that aim to encourage pro-environmental behavior</li> <li>Presents research results conducted in different regions in the world</li> <li>Contains contributions from noted experts</li> </ul> <p>Written for scholars and practitioners in the field, the revised edition of <i>Environmental Psychology</i> offers a comprehensive review of the most recent research available in environmental psychology.</p>
<p>List of Figures xix</p> <p>List of Tables xxi</p> <p>List of Boxes xxii</p> <p>List of Contributors xxiv</p> <p><b>1 Environmental Psychology: History, Scope, and Methods 1<br /></b><i>Linda Steg, Agnes E. van den Berg, and Judith I. M. de Groot</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 2</p> <p>1.2 History of the Field 2</p> <p>1.2.1 Towards ‘Architectural’ Psychology 3</p> <p>1.2.2 Towards a Green Psychology 4</p> <p>1.3 Current Scope and Characteristics of the Field 4</p> <p>1.3.1 Interactive Approach 4</p> <p>1.3.2 Interdisciplinary Collaboration 5</p> <p>1.3.3 Problem‐Focused Approach 5</p> <p>1.3.4 Diversity of Methods 6</p> <p>1.4 Main Research Methods in Environmental Psychology 6</p> <p>1.4.1 Questionnaire Studies 7</p> <p>1.4.2 Laboratory Experiments 8</p> <p>1.4.3 Computer Simulation Studies 8</p> <p>1.4.4 Field Studies 9</p> <p>1.4.5 Case Studies 9</p> <p>1.5 Overview of the Book 10</p> <p>Glossary 10</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 11</p> <p>Review Questions 11</p> <p><b>PART I ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND WELL-BEING 13</b></p> <p><b>2 Environmental Risk Perception 15<br /></b><i>Gisela Böhm and Carmen Tanner</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 16</p> <p>2.2 What are Environmental Risks? 16</p> <p>2.3 Subjective Risk Judgements 17</p> <p>2.3.1 Heuristics and Biases in Risk Judgements 17</p> <p>2.3.2 Temporal Discounting of Environmental Risks 19</p> <p>2.3.3 The Psychometric Paradigm 19</p> <p>2.4 Risk, Values, and Morality 19</p> <p>2.4.1 Values 20</p> <p>2.4.2 Morality and Ethics 21</p> <p>2.5 Emotional Reactions to Environmental Risks 22</p> <p>2.6 Summary 23</p> <p>Glossary 23</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 24</p> <p>Review Questions 25</p> <p><b>3 Climate Change as a Unique Environmental Problem 26<br /></b><i>Janet K. Swim and Lorraine Whitmarsh</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 27</p> <p>3.2 Public Understanding of Climate Change 27</p> <p>3.3 Assessing the Risk of Climate Change 28</p> <p>3.3.1 Detecting a Problem 30</p> <p>3.3.2 Interpretations of Problems 31</p> <p>3.3.3 Accepting Responsibility and Taking Action 32</p> <p>3.4 Summary 33</p> <p>Glossary 33</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 34</p> <p>Review Questions 35</p> <p><b>4 Environmental Stress 36<br /></b><i>Elena Bilotta, Uchita Vaid, and Gary W. Evans</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 37</p> <p>4.2 Conceptualizations of Stress 37</p> <p>4.3 Effects of Environmental Stress 38</p> <p>4.3.1 Noise 38</p> <p>4.3.2 Crowding 40</p> <p>4.3.3 Poor Housing Quality 41</p> <p>4.3.4 Poor Neighbourhood Quality 42</p> <p>4.3.5 Traffic Congestion 42</p> <p>4.4 Summary 43</p> <p>Glossary 43</p> <p>Acknowledgements 44</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 44</p> <p>Review Questions 44</p> <p><b>5 Scenic Beauty: Visual Landscape Assessment and Human Landscape Perception 45<br /></b><i>Mari S. Tveit, Åsa Ode Sang, and Caroline M. Hagerhall</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 46</p> <p>5.2 Visual Quality Assessment 46</p> <p>5.3 Theories Explaining Landscape Preferences as Innate or Learnt 47</p> <p>5.4 Measuring and Mapping Scenic Beauty 50</p> <p>5.5 Methodological Developments 51</p> <p>5.6 Summary 52</p> <p>Glossary 52</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 53</p> <p>Review Questions 54</p> <p><b>6 Health Benefits of Nature 55<br /></b><i>Agnes E. van den Berg,Yannick Joye, and Sjerp de Vries</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 56</p> <p>6.2 What is Health and How can it be Measured? 57</p> <p>6.3 What is Nature and How can it be Measured? 57</p> <p>6.4 Nature and Clinical Health 58</p> <p>6.5 Green Space and Public Health 59</p> <p>6.6 Mechanisms Linking Nature to Health 60</p> <p>6.6.1 Air Quality 61</p> <p>6.6.2 Physical Activity 61</p> <p>6.6.3 Social Cohesion 62</p> <p>6.6.4 Stress Reduction 62</p> <p>6.7 Summary 63</p> <p>Glossary 63</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 64</p> <p>Review Questions 64</p> <p><b>7 Restorative Environments 65<br /></b><i>Yannick Joye and Agnes E. van den Berg</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 66</p> <p>7.2 Restorative Environments Research 66</p> <p>7.2.1 Stress Recovery Theory 67</p> <p>7.2.2 Attention Restoration Theory 68</p> <p>7.3 The Evolutionary Origins of Restorative Nature Experiences 69</p> <p>7.4 Recent Theoretical and Empirical Developments 70</p> <p>7.4.1 Perceptual Fluency Account 70</p> <p>7.4.2 Connectedness to Nature 70</p> <p>7.4.3 Micro‐Restorative Experiences and Instorative Effects 72</p> <p>7.5 Applications and Implications 72</p> <p>7.6 Summary 73</p> <p>Glossary 73</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 75</p> <p>Review Questions 75</p> <p><b>8 Ambivalence Towards Nature and Natural Landscapes 76<br /></b><i>Agnes E. van den Berg and Cecil C. Konijnendijk</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 77</p> <p>8.2 Historical Overview 77</p> <p>8.3 Emotional Impacts and Meanings of Natural Environment Experience 78</p> <p>8.4 Views of Nature and Landscape Preferences 79</p> <p>8.5 The Role of Biodiversity 80</p> <p>8.6 An Existential‐Motivational Account 81</p> <p>8.7 Practical Implications 82</p> <p>8.8 Summary 83</p> <p>Glossary 83</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 84</p> <p>Review Questions 84</p> <p><b>9 Human Dimensions of Wildlife 85<br /></b><i>Maarten H. Jacobs, Jerry J. Vaske, Tara L. Teel, and Michael J. Manfredo</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 86</p> <p>9.2 Early Work: Attitudes Towards Wildlife 86</p> <p>9.3 The Cognitive Hierarchy 87</p> <p>9.4 Wildlife Value Orientations 89</p> <p>9.5 Predicting Norms and Attitudes Towards Wildlife 91</p> <p>9.6 Emotions Towards Wildlife 91</p> <p>9.7 Summary 93</p> <p>Glossary 93</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 94</p> <p>Review Questions 94</p> <p><b>10 Children and the Natural Environment 95<br /></b><i>Karin Tanja</i><i>‐</i><i>Dijkstra, Jolanda Maas, Janke van Dijk</i><i>‐</i><i>Wesselius, and Agnes van den Berg</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 96</p> <p>10.2 Childhood Experiences with Nature 96</p> <p>10.3 Nature and Children’s Health and Well‐Being 98</p> <p>10.3.1 Physical Health Benefits 99</p> <p>10.3.2 Mental Health Benefits 99</p> <p>10.3.3 Cognitive Benefits 100</p> <p>10.4 Childhood Nature Experiences and Adult Environmentalism 101</p> <p>10.5 Applications and Implications 101</p> <p>10.6 Summary 102</p> <p>Glossary 102</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 103</p> <p>Review Questions 103</p> <p><b>11 Appraising and Designing Built Environments that Promote Well</b><b>‐</b><b>Being and Healthy Behaviour 104<br /></b><i>Robert Gifford and Lindsay J. McCunn</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 105</p> <p>11.2 Aesthetic Appraisals of Architecture 105</p> <p>11.2.1 Uniformities in the Appraisal of Built Space 105</p> <p>11.2.2 Observer Differences 107</p> <p>11.2.3 Meaning in Architecture 108</p> <p>11.3 Three Building Design Approaches that Promote Well‐Being and Healthy Behaviour in Buildings 108</p> <p>11.3.1 Social Design 108</p> <p>11.3.2 Biophilic Design 110</p> <p>11.3.3 Evidence‐Based Design 111</p> <p>11.4 Summary 111</p> <p>Glossary 111</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 112</p> <p>Review Questions 112</p> <p><b>12 Urban Environmental Quality 113<br /></b><i>Mirilia Bonnes, Massimiliano Scopelliti, Ferdinando Fornara, and Giuseppe Carrus</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 114</p> <p>12.2 Urban Settings as a Source of Stress and Discomfort 115</p> <p>12.3 Urban Settings as a Source of Well‐Being and Restoration 116</p> <p>12.4 Residential Satisfaction – A Multicomponent Concept 117</p> <p>12.5 A Multidimensional Approach to Urban Environmental Quality 117</p> <p>12.6 The Multi‐Place Approach 120</p> <p>12.7 Summary 121</p> <p>Glossary 121</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 122</p> <p>Review Questions 122</p> <p><b>13 Environment and Quality of Life 123<br /></b><i>Goda Perlaviciute and Linda Steg</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 124</p> <p>13.2 QoL: Objective and Subjective Measures 125</p> <p>13.3 QoL: Unidimensional and Multidimensional Measures 126</p> <p>13.4 Environment and QoL: Research Overview 127</p> <p>13.4.1 Which QoL Aspects are most Important? 127</p> <p>13.4.2 To What Extent is QoL Sustained in Certain Situations? 129</p> <p>13.4.3 How Does QoL Differ with Varying Environmental Conditions? 130</p> <p>13.4.4 How Do Environmental Transformations Influence QoL? 131</p> <p>13.5 Summary 133</p> <p>Glossary 133</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 134</p> <p>Review Questions 134</p> <p><b>14 Place Attachment 135<br /></b><i>Lynne C. Manzo and Patrick Devine</i><i>‐</i><i>Wright</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 136</p> <p>14.2 Theories and Models of Place Attachment 137</p> <p>14.2.1 Components of Place Attachment 137</p> <p>14.2.2 Types of Place Attachments 138</p> <p>14.2.3 Place Attachments Involve an Array of Emotions 138</p> <p>14.2.4 Place Attachments as Dynamic and Socially Produced 139</p> <p>14.3 Applications of Place Attachment 140</p> <p>14.4 Summary 142</p> <p>Glossary 142</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 143</p> <p>Review Questions 143</p> <p><b>15 How Cues in the Environment Affect Normative Behaviour 144<br /></b><i>Siegwart Lindenberg</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 145</p> <p>15.2 Overarching Goals and their Relative Strengths 146</p> <p>15.3 Environmental Cues that Directly Strengthen the Normative Goal 148</p> <p>15.4 Environmental Cues that Directly Weaken the Normative Goal 149</p> <p>15.5 Indirect Weakening of the Normative Goal by Environmental Cues that Strengthen the Gain Goal 150</p> <p>15.6 Indirect Weakening of the Normative Goal by Environmental Cues that Strengthen the Hedonic Goal 151</p> <p>15.7 Summary 152</p> <p>Glossary 152</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 153</p> <p>Review Questions 153</p> <p><b>PART II FACTORS INFLUENCING ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR 155</b></p> <p><b>16 Measuring Environmental Behaviour 157<br /></b><i>Birgitta Gatersleben</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 158</p> <p>16.2 What to Measure? Behaviour or Impact 158</p> <p>16.2.1 Environmental Behaviour 158</p> <p>16.2.2 Environmental Impact 159</p> <p>16.3 How to Measure Environmental Behaviour? 162</p> <p>16.4 Multidimensional or Unidimensional Measures of Environmental Behaviour 163</p> <p>16.4.1 Multidimensional Measures of Environmental Behaviour 163</p> <p>16.4.2 A Unidimensional Measure of Environmental Behaviour 164</p> <p>16.5 Summary 165</p> <p>Glossary 165</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 166</p> <p>Review Questions 166</p> <p><b>17 Values and Pro</b><b>‐</b><b>Environmental Behaviour 167<br /></b><i>Judith I.M. de Groot and John Thøgersen</i></p> <p>17.1 Introduction 168</p> <p>17.2 Values 168</p> <p>17.3 Value Theories 169</p> <p>17.3.1 Social Value Orientations 169</p> <p>17.3.2 Schwartz’s Value Theory 169</p> <p>17.3.3 Four Key Values for Pro‐Environmental Behaviour 171</p> <p>17.4 How Values Affect Environmental Behaviour 173</p> <p>17.5 Related Concepts 174</p> <p>17.6 Practical Relevance of Value Research 176</p> <p>17.7 Summary 176</p> <p>Glossary 177</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 177</p> <p>Review Questions 178</p> <p><b>18 Social Norms and Pro</b><b>‐</b><b>Environmental Behaviour 17<br /></b><i>Kees Keizer and P. Wesley Schultz</i></p> <p>18.1 Introduction 180</p> <p>18.2 What is a Social Norm? 180</p> <p>18.3 How Influential are Norms on Behaviour? 181</p> <p>18.4 Why Do People Conform to Norms? 182</p> <p>18.5 When Do Norms Influence Behaviour? 182</p> <p>18.5.1 Salience 182</p> <p>18.5.2 Group Size 183</p> <p>18.5.3 Reference Groups 184</p> <p>18.5.4 Personal Norms 184</p> <p>18.5.5 Norm Conflict and the Importance of Aligned Messages 185</p> <p>18.6 Summary 187</p> <p>Glossary 188</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 188</p> <p>Review Questions 188</p> <p><b>19 Emotions and Pro</b><b>‐</b><b>Environmental Behaviour 189<br /></b><i>Danny Taufik and Leonie Venhoeven</i></p> <p>19.1 Introduction 190</p> <p>19.2 Emotions as a Motive for Action 191</p> <p>19.3 Hedonic and Eudaimonic View on Emotions 192</p> <p>19.4 Why Pro‐Environmental Behaviour Elicits Positive Emotions: A Closer Look at the Eudaimonic View 194</p> <p>19.5 Summary 196</p> <p>Glossary 196</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 197</p> <p>Review Questions 197</p> <p><b>20 Symbolic Aspects of Environmental Behaviour 198<br /></b><i>Birgitta Gatersleben and Ellen van der Werff</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction 199</p> <p>20.2 Identity 199</p> <p>20.2.1 Environmental Self‐Identity and Behaviour 200</p> <p>20.2.2 Factors Influencing Identity 201</p> <p>20.3 Impression Management 203</p> <p>20.4 Summary 205</p> <p>Glossary 205</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 206</p> <p>Review Questions 206</p> <p><b>21 Social Dilemmas: Motivational, Individual, and Structural Aspects Influencing Cooperation 207<br /></b><i>Chris von Borgstede, Lars</i><i>‐</i><i>Olof Johansson, and Andreas Nilsson</i></p> <p>21.1 Introduction 208</p> <p>21.2 Defining Social Dilemmas 208</p> <p>21.3 Types of Social Dilemmas 209</p> <p>21.3.1 Large‐Scale Dilemmas 209</p> <p>21.3.2 Resource Dilemmas 209</p> <p>21.3.3 Public Good Dilemmas 210</p> <p>21.4 Motives in Social Dilemmas 210</p> <p>21.4.1 Greed 210</p> <p>21.4.2 Efficiency 211</p> <p>21.4.3 Fairness 212</p> <p>21.5 Factors Promoting Cooperation 212</p> <p>21.5.1 Group Size 213</p> <p>21.5.2 Communication 213</p> <p>21.5.3 Response Efficacy 213</p> <p>21.5.4 Environmental Uncertainty 214</p> <p>21.5.5 Social Uncertainty 214</p> <p>21.5.6 Norms in Large‐Scale Dilemmas 214</p> <p>21.6 Summary 215</p> <p>Glossary 215</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 216</p> <p>Review Questions 216</p> <p><b>22 Theories to Explain Environmental Behaviour 217<br /></b><i>Linda Steg and Annika Nordlund</i></p> <p>22.1 Introduction 218</p> <p>22.2 Theory of Planned Behaviour 218</p> <p>22.3 Protection Motivation Theory 220</p> <p>22.4 The Norm Activation Model 221</p> <p>22.5 The Value‐Belief‐Norm Theory of Environmentalism 223</p> <p>22.6 Goal‐Framing Theory 224</p> <p>22.7 Summary 225</p> <p>Glossary 226</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 227</p> <p>Review Questions 227</p> <p><b>23 The Role of Group Processes in Environmental Issues, Attitudes, and Behaviours 228<br /></b><i>Lise Jans and Kelly Fielding</i></p> <p>23.1 Introduction 229</p> <p>23.2 Why Should Environmental Psychologists be Interested in Group Processes? 229</p> <p>23.3 How the Social Identity Approach Explains Environmental Conflict 230</p> <p>23.4 Why Social Identity Guides Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 231</p> <p>23.4.1 Group Norms Guide Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 232</p> <p>23.4.2 Group Members Influence Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 233</p> <p>23.4.3 Group Identification Influences Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 234</p> <p>23.5 Why Social Identity can Affect Cooperation on Environmental Issues 234</p> <p>23.6 How the Social Identity Approach Explains Environmental Group Formation 235</p> <p>23.7 Summary 236</p> <p>Glossary 236</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 237</p> <p>Review Questions 237</p> <p><b>24 Yesterday’s Habits Preventing Change for Tomorrow? About the Influence of Automaticity on Environmental Behaviour 238<br /></b><i>Christian A. Klöckner and Bas Verplanken</i></p> <p>24.1 Introduction 239</p> <p>24.2 Theoretical Background: How Habits are Acquired 240</p> <p>24.3 Narrowing Down Decision‐Making: How Habits Affect Information Use 241</p> <p>24.4 Measuring Habits: A Challenge for Research 243</p> <p>24.5 Breaking Bad Habits, Creating Good Habits: Interventions Changing Routine Behaviour 246</p> <p>24.6 Summary 248</p> <p>Glossary 248</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 249</p> <p>Review Questions 250</p> <p><b>25 Environmental Psychology in Latin America 251<br /></b><i>Javier Urbina</i><i>‐</i><i>Soria and Emilio Moyano</i><i>‐</i><i>Díaz</i></p> <p>25.1 Introduction 252</p> <p>25.2 Latin American Background 252</p> <p>25.3 Past Reviews on Environmental Psychology in Latin America 253</p> <p>25.4 Recent Developments in Environmental Psychology in Latin America 254</p> <p>25.5 Key Issues for the Development of Research in Latin America 256</p> <p>25.5.1 Lack of Collaboration 256</p> <p>25.5.2 Few Possibilities to Publish in Spanish or Portuguese 257</p> <p>25.5.3 Academic Training in Environmental Psychology 257</p> <p>25.6 Summary 258</p> <p>Glossary 258</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 259</p> <p>Review Questions 259</p> <p><b>PART III ENCOURAGING PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR 261</b></p> <p><b>26 Informational Strategies to Promote Pro</b><b>‐</b><b>Environmental Behaviour: Changing Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes 263<br /></b><i>Wokje Abrahamse and Ellen Matthies</i></p> <p>26.1 Introduction 264</p> <p>26.2 Interventions: From Research to Implementation 264</p> <p>26.3 Informational Strategies 265</p> <p>26.3.1 Provision of Information 265</p> <p>26.3.2 Goal Setting 266</p> <p>26.3.3 Commitment 267</p> <p>26.3.4 Prompting 268</p> <p>26.3.5 Feedback 268</p> <p>26.4 Intervention Research: Some General Issues 269</p> <p>26.5 Summary 270</p> <p>Glossary 271</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 271</p> <p>Review Questions 272</p> <p><b>27 Encouraging Pro</b><b>‐</b><b>Environmental Behaviour with Rewards and Penalties 273<br /></b><i>Jan Willem Bolderdijk, Philip K. Lehman, and E. Scott Geller</i></p> <p>27.1 Introduction 274</p> <p>27.2 Analysis of Consequences 274</p> <p>27.3 Natural Versus Extra Consequences 276</p> <p>27.4 When is it Appropriate to Apply Extra Consequences? 277</p> <p>27.5 How Should Extra Consequences be Announced and Delivered? 278</p> <p>27.5.1 Negative Versus Positive Consequences 279</p> <p>27.5.2 Monetary Versus Non‐Monetary Consequences 279</p> <p>27.6 Summary 281</p> <p>Glossary 281</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 282</p> <p>Review Questions 282</p> <p><b>28 Persuasive Technology to Promote Pro</b><b>‐</b><b>Environmental Behaviour 283<br /></b><i>Cees Midden and Jaap Ham</i></p> <p>28.1 Introduction 284</p> <p>28.2 Technology and Behaviour 284</p> <p>28.3 Persuasive Technology 285</p> <p>28.4 Approaches to Applying Persuasive Technology 286</p> <p>28.5 Social Influence through Smart Systems 287</p> <p>28.5.1 The Role of Social Cues 287</p> <p>28.5.2 Reactance 288</p> <p>28.6 Providing Persuasive Experiences 289</p> <p>28.7 Persuasive Technology as a Tool to Promote Behaviour Change 289</p> <p>28.7.1 Ambient Persuasion 290</p> <p>28.7.2 Group Interventions 291</p> <p>28.8 Summary 292</p> <p>Glossary 293</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 293</p> <p>Review Questions 294</p> <p><b>29 Acceptability of Environmental Policies 295<br /></b><i>Geertje Schuitema and Cecilia J. Bergstad</i></p> <p>29.1 Introduction 296</p> <p>29.2 Acceptability as a Social Dilemma 296</p> <p>29.3 Theoretical Framework to Explain the Acceptability of Policy Measures 297</p> <p>29.3.1 Individual Policy Outcomes 298</p> <p>29.3.2 Collective Policy Outcomes 298</p> <p>29.3.3 Fair Distribution of Policy Outcomes 300</p> <p>29.4 Procedural Fairness and Acceptability of Environmental Policies 302</p> <p>29.5 How can Public Support Increase Over Time? An Illustration 303</p> <p>29.6 Summary 305</p> <p>Glossary 305</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 306</p> <p>Review Questions 306</p> <p><b>30 Processes of Change 307<br /></b><i>Sebastian Bamberg and Maxie Schulte</i></p> <p>30.1 Introduction 308</p> <p>30.2 Lewin’s Theory of Change 308</p> <p>30.3 Behavioural Change: A Self‐Regulation Process Steered by Feedback Loops 309</p> <p>30.3.1 Goals as Reference Values in a Feedback Loop 309</p> <p>30.3.2 Hierarchical Organization of Goals and Feedback Loops 309</p> <p>30.3.3 The Importance of Self‐Focus 311</p> <p>30.4 Behavioural Change: It Takes Time to Overcome Resistance to Change 311</p> <p>30.5 The Stage Model of Self‐Regulated Behavioural Change 312</p> <p>30.6 Implications for Interventions 314</p> <p>30.7 Empirical Validation of the SSBC 315</p> <p>30.8 Summary 316</p> <p>Glossary 317</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 318</p> <p>Review Questions 318</p> <p><b>31 Simulating Social Environmental Systems 319<br /></b><i>Wander Jager and Nick Gotts</i></p> <p>31.1 Introduction 320</p> <p>31.2 An Introduction to Social Complexity 320</p> <p>31.3 Social Simulation as a Methodology 321</p> <p>31.4 Social Simulation of Environmental Behaviour 322</p> <p>31.4.1 Using Theory in Simulation Models: Formalizing Processes of Attitude Change 322</p> <p>31.4.2 Using Theory and Data in Models: Diffusion of Environmental Innovations 323</p> <p>31.5 Integrating Social Simulation into Environmental Modelling 324</p> <p>31.5.1 The Lakeland Study 324</p> <p>31.5.2 Companion Modelling: A Study of Rice Production and Labour Migrations in North‐East Thailand 325</p> <p>31.5.3 Integrating Multiple Models of a Socioenvironmental System: Water Use in the Danube Basin 326</p> <p>31.6 Key Steps in Building Agent‐Based Models 327</p> <p>31.6.1 Development of Models 327</p> <p>31.6.2 Using Models 327</p> <p>31.7 Summary 328</p> <p>Glossary 328</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 329</p> <p>Review Questions 329</p> <p><b>32 Environmental Issues in Low</b><b>‐</b><b> and Middle</b><b>‐</b><b>Income Countries 330<br /></b><i>Nadja Contzen, Hans</i><i>‐</i><i>Joachim Mosler, and Silvie Kraemer</i><i>‐</i><i>Palacios</i></p> <p>32.1 Introduction 331</p> <p>32.2 Environmental Risk Perception, Environmental Concern, and Climate Change Perception 331</p> <p>32.2.1 Environmental Risk Perception 331</p> <p>32.2.2 Environmental Concern 332</p> <p>32.2.3 Climate Change Perception 332</p> <p>32.3 Residential Environment and Well‐Being 333</p> <p>32.3.1 Slums and Public Housing 333</p> <p>32.3.2 Communal Spaces 334</p> <p>32.3.3 Rural Communities 334</p> <p>32.4 Behaviour and Behaviour Change 334</p> <p>32.4.1 Resource Conservation 335</p> <p>32.4.2 Sustainable Transportation 335</p> <p>32.4.3 Recycling 335</p> <p>32.4.4 Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene 337</p> <p>32.5 Summary 338</p> <p>Glossary 339</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 339</p> <p>Review Questions 340</p> <p><b>33 Conclusion: Summary, Trends, and Future Perspectives in Environmental Psychology 341<br /></b><i>Agnes E. van den Berg and Linda Steg</i></p> <p>33.1 Summary and Key Findings 342</p> <p>33.1.1 Part I: Environmental Influences on Human Behaviour and Well‐Being 342</p> <p>33.1.2 Part II: Factors Influencing Environmental Behaviour 343</p> <p>33.1.3 Part III: Encouraging Pro‐Environmental Behaviour 344</p> <p>33.2 General Trends and Developments 345</p> <p>33.2.1 Positive Interactions Between Humans and Environments 345</p> <p>33.2.2 Integrative Approaches 346</p> <p>33.2.3 From One Psychology to Multiple Psychologies 346</p> <p>33.3 Challenges for Future Research 347</p> <p>33.3.1 Further Integration 348</p> <p>33.3.2 Further Development of Theories and Methods 349</p> <p>33.3.3 Further Engagement 349</p> <p>Glossary 351</p> <p>Suggestions for Further Reading 351</p> <p>Review Questions 351</p> <p>References 352</p> <p>Index 407</p> <p> </p>
<p><b>Linda Steg</b> is professor of Environmental Psychology at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. <p><b>Judith I. M. de Groot</b> is a Senior Lecturer in Sustainable Consumer Behaviour at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
<p><b>THE UPDATED EDITION OF THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY</b> <p>Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition, <i>Environmental Psychology: An Introduction</i> offers an overview of the interplay between humans and their environments. The text examines the influence of the environment on human experiences, behaviour and well-being and explores the factors influencing environmental behaviour, and ways to encourage pro-environmental behaviour. The revised edition is a state-of-the art review of relevant theories and research on each of these topics. <p>With contributions from an international panel of noted experts, the text addresses a wealth of topics including the main research methods in environmental psychology; effects of environmental stressors; emotional impacts and meanings of natural environment experience; aesthetic appraisals of architecture; how to measure environmental behaviour; cognitive, emotional and social factors explaining environmental behaviour; effects and acceptability of strategies to promote pro-environmental factors; and much more. This important book: <ul> <li>Discusses the environmental factors that threaten and promote human wellbeing</li> <li>Explores a wide range of factors influencing actions that affect environmental conditions</li> <li>Discusses the effects and acceptability of approaches that aim to encourage pro-environmental behaviour</li> <li>Presents research results conducted in different regions in the world</li> <li>Contains contributions from noted experts</li> </ul> <p>Written for scholars and practitioners in the field, the revised edition of <i>Environmental Psychology</i> offers a comprehensive review of the most recent research available in environmental psychology.

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