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Framing Community Disaster Resilience

1. Aufl.

von: Hugh Deeming, Maureen Fordham, Christian Kuhlicke, Lydia Pedoth, Stefan Schneiderbauer, Cheney Shreve
78,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley-Blackwell
Format:	PDF
Veröffentl.:	08.11.2018
ISBN/EAN:	9781119165996
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	288

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Titelbeschreibung

An essential guide to the foundations, research and practices of community disaster resilience Framing Community Disaster Resilience offers a guide to the theories, research and approaches for addressing the complexity of community resilience towards hazardous events or disasters. The text draws on the activities and achievements of the project emBRACE: Building Resilience Amongst Communities in Europe. The authors identify the key dimensions of resilience across a range of disciplines and domains and present an analysis of community characteristics, networks, behaviour and practices in specific test cases. The text contains an in-depth exploration of five test cases whose communities are facing impacts triggered by different hazards, namely: river floods in Germany, earthquakes in Turkey, landslides in South Tyrol, Italy, heat-waves in London and combined fluvial and pluvial floods in Northumberland and Cumbria. The authors examine the data and indicators of past events in order to assess current situations and to tackle the dynamics of community resilience. In addition, they put the focus on empirical analysis to explore the resilience concept and to test the usage of indicators for describing community resilience. This important text: <ul> <li>Merges the forces of research knowledge, networking and practices in order to understand community disaster resilience</li> <li>Contains the results of the acclaimed project Building Resilience Amongst Communities in Europe - emBRACE</li> <li>Explores the key dimensions of community resilience</li> <li>Includes five illustrative case studies from European communities that face various hazards</li> </ul> Written for undergraduate students, postgraduates and researchers of social science, and policymakers, Framing Community Disaster Resilience reports on the findings of an important study to reveal the most effective approaches to enhancing community resilience. The emBRACE research received funding from the European Community‘s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement n° 283201. The European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained in this publication.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Contributors xi 1 Introduction 1 Hugh Deeming 1.1 Book Content 2 References 3 Section I Conceptual and Theoretical Underpinnings to Community Disaster Resilience 5 2 Understanding Disaster Resilience: The emBRACE Approach 9 Thomas Abeling, Nazmul Huq, Denis Chang‐Seng, Jörn Birkmann, Jan Wolfertz, Fabrice Renaud, and Matthias Garschagen 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Resilience: Concept 9 2.2.1 Resilience in the Social Domain 10 2.2.2 Resilience: An Outcome or a Process? 11 2.2.3 Resilience on Individual and Collective Levels 11 2.3 Resilience: Methodology 12 2.3.1 Social/Political Resilience 12 2.3.2 Linking Biophysical and Social Resilience 14 2.4 Resilience: Indicators 15 2.5 Gaps and Challenges 17 2.5.1 Challenges in the Transition from Ecology to Social Science 17 2.5.2 The Role of Power 18 2.5.3 Representation of Community 19 2.5.4 Transformation 20 2.5.5 Resourcefulness 21 2.6 Conclusion 22 References 22 3 Mobilising Resources for Resilience 27 Cheney Shreve and Maureen Fordham 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Background: Origins of Livelihoods Thinking 27 3.2.1 Successes of SLAs: Changing the Way Development was Done 29 3.2.2 Key Criticisms and the Evolution of Livelihoods Thinking 30 3.2.3 A Closer Look at Social Capital: Background and Key Critiques 31 3.2.4 Summary 33 3.3 Resilience and Livelihoods Thinking 34 3.3.1 Why Disasters? 34 3.3.2 Livelihoods and Disaster Vulnerability 35 3.4 Influence of Livelihoods Thinking on Contemporary Disaster Resilience 36 3.4.1 Linking to Sustainable Livelihoods: Resources and Capacities 36 3.4.2 Community Actions 37 3.4.3 Community Learning 38 3.4.4 Summary 38 References 39 4 Social Learning and Resilience Building in the emBRACE Framework 43 Justin Sharpe, Åsa Gerger Swartling, Mark Pelling, and Lucy Pearson 4.1 Introduction 43 4.2 What is Meant by Social Learning? 44 4.3 Capacities for Social Learning 46 4.4 Social Learning at the Individual Level 49 4.5 Social Learning at the Community Level 49 4.6 Social Learning and Resilience Outcomes in the emBRACE Project 52 4.7 How Social Learning Provides Opportunities for Sharing Adaptive Thinking and Practice 54 4.8 Conclusion 56 References 56 5 Wicked Problems: Resilience, Adaptation, and Complexity 61 John Forrester, Richard Taylor, Lydia Pedoth, and Nilufar Matin 5.1 Introduction 61 5.2 A Brief History of Policy ‘Mess’ and ‘Wickedness’ 62 5.2.1 ‘Super‐Wicked’ Problems 63 5.3 Resilient and Adaptive Responses to Mess 64 5.4 Clumsy Solutions Linking DRR/DRM and CCA: A Mini Case Study 66 5.5 An emBRACE Model of Complex Adaptive Community Resilience 69 5.6 Conclusion 71 References 72 Section II Methods to ‘Measure’ Resilience – Data and Indicators 77 6 The emBRACE Resilience Framework: Developing an Integrated Framework for Evaluating Community Resilience to Natural Hazards 79 Sylvia Kruse, Thomas Abeling, Hugh Deeming, Maureen Fordham, John Forrester, Sebastian Jülich, A. Nuray Karanci, Christian Kuhlicke, Mark Pelling, Lydia Pedoth, Stefan Schneiderbauer, and Justin Sharpe 6.1 Introduction 79 6.2 Conceptual Tensions of Community Resilience 8 6.3 Developing the emBRACE Resilience Framework 82 6.3.1 Deductive Framework Development: A Structured Literature Review 82 6.3.2 Inductive Framework Development: Empirical Case Study Research 83 6.3.3 Participatory Assessment Workshops with Stakeholder Groups 83 6.3.4 Synthesis: An Iterative Process of Framework Development 83 6.4 The Conceptual Framework for Characterising Community Resilience 84 6.4.1 Intracommunity Domains of Resilience: Resources and Capacities, Action, and Learning 84 6.4.1.1 Resources and Capacities 84 6.4.1.2 Actions 86 6.4.1.3 Learning 88 6.4.2 Extracommunity Framing of Community Resilience 89 6.4.2.1 Disaster Risk Governance 89 6.4.2.2 Non‐Directly Hazard‐Related Context, Social‐Ecological Change, and Disturbances 90 6.5 Discussion and Conclusion 91 6.5.1 Interlinkages between the Domains and Extracommunity Framing 91 6.5.2 Application and Operationalisation of the Framework in Indicator‐Based Assessments 91 6.5.3 Reflections on the Results and emBRACE Methodology and Limits of the Findings 91 References 92 7 Disaster Impact and Land Use Data Analysis in the Context of a Resilience‐Relevant Footprint 97 Marco Pregnolato, Marcello Petitta, and Stefan Schneiderbauer 7.1 Introduction 97 7.2 Data and Methodology 99 7.2.1 Data 99 7.2.2 Methodology 99 7.3 Results 102 7.3.1 National Scale 102 7.3.2 Regional Scale: Analysis of Landslides that Occurred Near a Change in LULC 103 7.3.3 Subnational Scale: Analysis of HTI Changes 107 7.3.4 Subnational Scale: Analysis of the LULC Changes in Time Domain 108 7.4 Conclusions and Discussions 108 7.4.1 Is There Any Relationship Between LULC and Landslide Events? 108 7.4.2 Is There Any Relationship Between a Change in LULC and a Landslide Event? 109 7.4.3 Is It Possible to Use LULC Data as a Footprint for Landslide Events? 109 7.4.4 Is It Possible to Use Disaster Footprint and Susceptibility for Resilience Research? 109 7.5 Conclusion 110 References 110 8 Development of Quantitative Resilience Indicators for Measuring Resilience at the Local Level 113 Sebastian Jülich 8.1 Introduction 113 8.2 Stages of Indicator Operationalisation 114 8.3 Quantitative Indicator Development 116 8.4 Residence Time as Partial Resilience Indicator 117 8.5 Awareness through Past Natural Disasters as Partial Resilience Indicator 118 8.5.1 Single Factor Time 119 8.5.2 Single Factor Intensity 120 8.5.3 Single Factor Distance 121 8.5.4 Combination of the Three Single Factors 121 8.6 Warning Services as Partial Resilience Indicators 122 8.7 Conclusion 123 References 124 9 Managing Complex Systems: The Need to Structure Qualitative Data 125 John Forrester, Nilufar Matin, Richard Taylor, Lydia Pedoth, Belinda Davis, and Hugh Deeming 9.1 Introduction 125 9.2 Mapping of Social Networks as a Measure of Community Resilience 127 9.2.1 Assessing Resilience Using Network Maps: The embrace Experience 128 9.3 Agent‐ Based Models 131 9.3.1 Two Case Studies of ABM in emBRACE 132 9.4 Other Qualitative Data‐Structuring Methodologies 134 9.5 Discussion 134 9.6 Conclusion 136 References 136 10 Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Indicators for Assessing Community Resilience to Natural Hazards 139 Daniel Becker, Stefan Schneiderbauer, John Forrester, and Lydia Pedoth 10.1 Introduction 139 10.2 Current Indicator‐Based Approaches for Assessing Community Resilience 140 10.3 From Concept to Assessment: The emBRACE Approach 142 10.3.1 Using Indicators for Assessing Community Resilience within emBRACE 142 10.3.2 The Process of Grounding our Indicators 143 10.4 Systematisation of Indicators 145 10.5 Deriving Key Indicators of Community Resilience 148 10.6 Conclusion 151 References 151 Section III Empirically Grounding the Resilience Concept 155 11 Resilience, the Limits of Adaptation and the Need for Transformation in the Context of Multiple Flood Events in Central Europe 159 Christian Kuhlicke, Anna Kunath, Chloe Begg, and Maximilian Beyer 11.1 Introduction 159 11.2 Key Concepts for the Case Study 161 11.3 Insights into the Case Study Settings and Methods 162 11.3.1 Flood Risk Management in Saxony and Bavaria 162 11.3.2 Methods of Case Study Research – Description of Empirical Work 163 11.3.2.1 Interviews 163 11.3.2.2 Household Survey 163 11.4 Results of the Interviews: Resilience, Learning, and Transformation 165 11.5 Results of the Household Survey: Resilience, Limits of Adaptation, and Responsibility 167 11.5.1 Impacts of (Multiple) Flood Experience 167 11.5.2 Perception of Responsibility in Flood Risk Management 170 11.5.3 Attitudes towards Participation 171 11.6 Community Resilience and the Idea of Transformation 172 References 173 12 River and Surface Water Flooding in Northern England: The Civil Protection‐Social Protection Nexus 177 Hugh Deeming, Belinda Davis, Maureen Fordham, and Simon Taylor 12.1 Introduction 177 12.2 Conceptualising Community 179 12.3 Methods 181 12.4 Results 182 12.4.1 Rural Resilience 182 12.4.2 Urban Resilience 185 12.4.2.1 Keswick 185 12.4.2.2 Cockermouth 189 12.4.2.3 Workington 191 12.5 Discussion and Conclusions 192 References 194 13 The Role of Risk Perception and Community Networks in Preparing for and Responding to Landslides: A Dolomite Case Study 197 Lydia Pedoth, Richard Taylor, Christian Kofler, Agnieszka Elzbieta Stawinoga, John Forrester, Nilufar Matin, and Stefan Schneiderbauer 13.1 Introduction 197 13.2 Badia and the Alpine Context 198 13.3 Two Types of Communities and a Mixed Method Approach 201 13.4 Risk Perception, Risk Attitude, and Response Behaviour 203 13.4.1 Risk Behaviour Profiles 204 13.4.1.1 Temporal Variation in People’s Perception of Response and Recovery Actions 206 13.5 Community Networks 209 13.6 Conclusions and Discussion 214 References 217 14 The Social Life of Heatwave in London: Recasting the Role of Community and Resilience 221 Sebastien Nobert and Mark Pelling 14.1 Introduction 221 14.2 Methodology 222 14.2.1 Community Resilience or Resilience from Community? 223 14.2.1.1 Community and the Elderly 223 14.2.1.2 Resilience and Community Ties 224 14.2.2 Rethinking the Normatives of Heatwave Management: Family, Social Ties, and the Collectivity 225 14.2.2.1 Loneliness, Social Networks, and Community 226 14.2.2.2 Rethinking Social Network and Social Capital as Vulnerability Factors 227 14.2.2.3 Social Capital, Fragmented Community, and New Vulnerability 230 14.3 Conclusion 231 References 232 Further Reading 234 15 Perceptions of Individual and Community Resilience to Earthquakes: A Case Study from Turkey 237 A. Nuray Karanci, Gözde Ikizer, Canay Doğulu, and Dilek Ozceylan‐Aubrecht 15.1 Introduction 238 15.2 Context of the Case Study 239 15.2.1 Van: The Earthquakes and Sociodemographic Context 239 15.2.2 Adapazarı/Sakarya: The Earthquake and Sociodemographic Context 240 15.2.3 Risk Governance Setting in Turkey 240 15.3 Main Aims and Research Questions 241 15.4 Methodological Approaches 241 15.4.1 In‐Depth Interviews 242 15.4.2 Focus Groups 242 15.5 Perceptions of Resilience According to the emBRACE Framework 242 15.5.1 Resources and Capacities 244 15.5.2 Learning 250 15.5.3 Context 252 15.6 Discussion and Conclusions 252 References 254 Conclusions 257 Index 261

Autorenportrait

HUGH DEEMING, Principal Consultant, HD Research, Bentham, UK MAUREEN FORDHAM, Emerita Professor of Gender and Disaster Resilience, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Centre Director, IRDR Centre for Gender and Disaster, UCL, UK CHRISTIAN KUHLICKE, Professor of Environmental Risks and Sustainability, joint appointment Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and University of Potsdam, Germany LYDIA PEDOTH, Senior Researcher, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy STEFAN SCHNEIDERBAUER, Senior Researcher, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy CHENEY SHREVE, Adjunct Researcher, Western Washington University, Resilience Institute, Washington, USA

Back cover copy

AN ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO THE FOUNDATIONS, RESEARCH AND PRACTICES OF COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE Framing Community Disaster Resilience offers a guide to the theories, research and approaches for addressing the complexity of community resilience towards hazardous events or disasters. The text draws on the activities and achievements of the project emBRACE: Building Resilience Amongst Communities in Europe. The authors identify the key dimensions of resilience across a range of disciplines and domains and present an analysis of community characteristics, networks, behaviour and practices in specific test cases. The text contains an in-depth exploration of five test cases whose communities are facing impacts triggered by different hazards, namely: river floods in Germany, earthquakes in Turkey, landslides in South Tyrol, Italy, heat-waves in London and combined fluvial and pluvial floods in Northumberland and Cumbria. The authors examine the data and indicators of past events in order to assess current situations and to tackle the dynamics of community resilience. In addition, they put the focus on empirical analysis to explore the resilience concept and to test the usage of indicators for describing community resilience. This important text: <ul> <li>Merges the forces of research knowledge, networking and practices in order to understand community disaster resilience</li> <li>Contains the results of the acclaimed project Building Resilience Amongst Communities in Europe - emBRACE</li> <li>Explores the key dimensions of community resilience</li> <li>Includes five illustrative case studies from European communities that face various hazards</li> </ul> Written for undergraduate students, postgraduates and researchers of social science, and policymakers, Framing Community Disaster Resilience reports on the findings of an important study to reveal the most effective approaches to enhancing community resilience. The emBRACE research received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007–2013 under grant agreement n° 283201. The European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained in this publication.