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<p>Foreword viii</p> <p>Acknowledgments ix</p> <p>Introduction x</p> <p><b>Part 1: Architectural Representation and Digital Technologies</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 1: Architectural Drawing 3</b></p> <p>1.1 Drawing and Perception 3</p> <p>1.2 Drawing from Observation and Imagination 6</p> <p>1.3 Drawing and Projection 11</p> <p>1.4 Drawing Methods 15</p> <p>Endnotes 29</p> <p><b>Chapter 2: Architectural Models 30</b></p> <p>2.1 Physical Models 30</p> <p>2.2 3D Models 37</p> <p>2.3 Digital Fabrication 47</p> <p>Endnotes 58</p> <p><b>Chapter 3: Architecture and Computing 60</b></p> <p>3.1 Digital Concepts 60</p> <p>3.2 Computing in Architecture 63</p> <p>3.3 Developments in 3D Modeling 66</p> <p>Endnotes 69</p> <p><b>Part 2: 3D Modeling and Geometry</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 4: The 3D Modeling Environment 72</b></p> <p>4.1 Surface Types 72</p> <p>4.2 The Rhinoceros Interface 74</p> <p>4.3 Units and Scale 79</p> <p>4.4 Navigation 80</p> <p>4.5 Visualization Methods 80</p> <p>Endnote 80</p> <p><b>Chapter 5: 2D Drawing 81</b></p> <p>5.1 Drafting 81</p> <p>5.2 Points and Lines 82</p> <p>5.3 Curve Control Points 88</p> <p>5.4 Working with Lines and Planar Curves 92</p> <p>Endnotes 98</p> <p><b>Chapter 6: 3D Modeling 99</b></p> <p>6.1 Solid Models 99</p> <p>6.2 Planar and Space Curves 104</p> <p>6.3 Surfaces 105</p> <p>6.4 Modeling NURBS Surfaces 109</p> <p>6.5 Working with NURBS Surfaces 112</p> <p>Endnotes 118</p> <p><b>Chapter 7: Generating Linework 119</b></p> <p>7.1 Wireframe Linework 119</p> <p>7.2 Contour Linework 121</p> <p>7.3 Paneling Linework 124</p> <p>Endnote 125</p> <p><b>Part 3: Architectural Design Drawings and Graphics</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 8: Generating 2D Projections 128</b></p> <p>8.1 Architectural Projections 128</p> <p>8.2 Setting Up a View 138</p> <p>8.3 Clipping Planes 139</p> <p>8.4 Orthographic Projections 140</p> <p>8.5 Axonometric Projections 145</p> <p>8.6 Perspective Projections 147</p> <p>Endnotes 149</p> <p><b>Chapter 9: Architectural Design Drawings 150</b></p> <p>9.1 Linework Overview 150</p> <p>9.2 Exporting Linework 153</p> <p>9.3 The Adobe Illustrator Interface 165</p> <p>9.4 Setting Up the Page 168</p> <p>9.5 Line Weightsand Line Types 170</p> <p>9.6 Lines, Curves, and Shapes 175</p> <p>9.7 Color 179</p> <p>9.8 Text 185</p> <p>9.9 Raster Graphics 188</p> <p>Endnotes 192</p> <p><b>Part 4: Computational Design</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 10: Parameters and Algorithms 195</b></p> <p>10.1 Parameters and Constraints 195</p> <p>10.2 Algorithms 197</p> <p>Endnotes 198</p> <p><b>Chapter 11: Visual Programming 199</b></p> <p>11.1 The Grass hopper Interface 199</p> <p>11.2 Visualization Methods 202</p> <p>11.3 Components 203</p> <p>11.4 Component Types 205</p> <p>Endnotes 216</p> <p><b>Chapter 12: Geometric Patterns 217</b></p> <p>12.1 Tessellations 217</p> <p>12.2 Spirals 222</p> <p>12.3 Pattern Effects 227</p> <p>Endnotes 235</p> <p><b>Chapter 13: Parametric Modeling 236</b></p> <p>13.1 Parametric Surfaces 236</p> <p>13.2 Paneling Surfaces 238</p> <p>13.3 Modular Assemblies 241</p> <p>Endnotes 252</p> <p><b>Chapter 14: Simulations and Data Visualizations 253</b></p> <p>14.1 Simulations 253</p> <p>14.2 Environmental Simulations 255</p> <p>14.3 Physics Simulations 262</p> <p>Endnotes 268</p> <p><b>Chapter 15: Robotics and Physical Computing 269</b></p> <p>15.1 Robotics 269</p> <p>15.2 Physical Computing 277</p> <p>15.3 Arduino Hardware and Software 283</p> <p>Endnotes 297</p> <p><b>Appendix: Design Drawing and Modeling Exercises</b></p> <p>Drawing Exercises 298</p> <p>3D Modeling Exercises 305</p> <p>Computational Design Exercises 313</p> <p>Selected Bibliography 321</p> <p>Index 325</p>

<p><b>FRANK P. MELENDEZ</b> teaches at The Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of Architecture, City College of New York. His teaching and research engage topics pertaining to architectural drawing and 3D modeling, digital fabrication, computational design, emerging materials, responsive systems, physical computing, and robotics. He has held academic appointments at Carnegie Mellon University and Louisiana State University, and has been supported through grants and fellowships, including the MacDowell Colony. Frank is a partner at Augmented Architectures, a research and design practice in New York, NY, and has professional experience working at prominent offices, including Gehry Partners, LLP and Urban A&O. He holds a Bachelor of Architecture degree from the University of Arizona and a Master of Architecture degree from Yale University.

<p><b>Bridges traditional and contemporary methods of creating architectural design drawings and 3D models through digital tools and computational processes</b> <p><i>Drawing from the Model: Fundamentals of Digital Drawing, 3D Modeling, and Visual Programming in Architectural Design</i> presents architectural design students, educators, and professionals with a broad overview of traditional and contemporary architectural representation methods. The book offers insights into developments in computing in relation to architectural drawing and modeling, by addressing historical analog methods of architectural drawing based on descriptive geometry and projection, and transitioning to contemporary digital methods based on computational processes and emerging technologies. <p><i>Drawing from the Model</i> offers digital tools, techniques, and workflows for producing architectural design drawings (plans, sections, elevations, axonometrics, and perspectives), using contemporary 2D drawing and 3D modeling design software. Visual programming is introduced to address topics of parametric modeling, algorithmic design, computational simulations, physical computing, and robotics. The book focuses on digital design software used in higher education and industry, including Robert McNeel & Associates Rhinoceros^® (Rhino 6 for Windows), Grasshopper^®, Adobe Illustrator^® CC, and Arduino, and features an appendix filled with 10 design drawing and 3D modeling exercises intended as educational and pedagogical examples for readers to practice and/or teach workflows that are addressed in the book. <ul> <li>Bridges analog hand-drawing and digital design drawing techniques</li> <li>Provides comprehensive coverage of architectural representation, computing, computer-aided drafting, and 3D modeling tools, techniques, and workflows, for contemporary architectural design drawing aesthetics and graphics.</li> <li>Introduces topics of parametric modeling, algorithmic design, computational simulation, physical computing, and robotics through visual programming environments and processes.</li> <li>Features tutorial-based instruction using the latest versions of Rhinoceros^® (Rhino 6 for Windows), Grasshopper^®, Adobe Illustrator^® CC, and Arduino.</li> </ul>

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