Details

Clinical Psychology


Clinical Psychology

A Global Perspective
1. Aufl.

von: Stefan G. Hofmann

31,99 €

Verlag: Wiley-Blackwell
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 02.08.2017
ISBN/EAN: 9781118960011
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 464

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Beschreibungen

<p><b>The first book to offer a truly global perspective on the theory and practice of clinical psychology</b> </p> <p>While clinical psychology is practiced the world over, up to now there has been no text devoted to examining it within a global context. The first book of its kind, <i>Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective</i> brings together contributions from clinicians and scholars around the world to share their insights and observations on the theory and practice of clinical psychology.</p> <p>Due partly to language barriers and entrenched cultural biases, there is little cultural cross-pollination within the field of clinical psychology. In fact, most of the popular texts were written for English-speaking European and Anglo-American audiences and translated for other countries. As a result, most psychologists are unaware of how their profession is conceptualized and practiced in different regions, or how their own practices can be enriched by knowledge of the theories and modalities predominant among colleagues in other parts of the world. This book represents an important first step toward rectifying that state of affairs.</p> <ul> <li>Explores key differences and similarities in how clinical psychology is conceptualized and practiced with children, adolescents and adults across different countries and cultures</li> <li>Addresses essential research methods, clinical interviews, psychometric testing, neuropsychological assessments, and dominant treatment modalities</li> <li>Follows a consistent format with each chapter focusing on a specific area of the practice of clinical psychology while integrating cultural issues within the discussion</li> <li>Includes coverage of how to adapt one’s practice to the differing cultures of individual clients, and how to work in multidisciplinary teams within a global context</li> </ul> <p><i>Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective</i> is a valuable resource for students, trainees, and practicing psychologists, especially those who work with ethnic minority groups or with interpreters. It is also a must-read for practitioners who are considering working internationally.  </p>
<p>Notes on Contributors xv</p> <p>Preface xxiii</p> <p><b>1 Research Methods 1<br /></b><i>Julian A. Rubel and Wolfgang Lutz</i></p> <p>Introduction 1</p> <p>Research on the Frequency, Cause, and Prevention of Psychological Problems, and Disorders 1</p> <p>Epidemiology 1</p> <p>Etiology and Analytical Epidemiology 2</p> <p>Prevention 3</p> <p>Evaluating Clinical Interventions and Treatments 3</p> <p>Does the Intervention Work? 4</p> <p>Quantifying the Effects of an Intervention 6</p> <p>Integrating the Results from Multiple Studies—Meta-analyses 7</p> <p>Is the Intervention Effective for this Specific Patient? 8</p> <p>How, for Whom, and under which Conditions do Clinical Interventions Work? 10</p> <p>Summary 12</p> <p><b>2 Classification Systems across the Globe 15<br /></b><i>Jan Christopher Cwik and Jürgen Margraf</i></p> <p>Introduction 15</p> <p>Classification Systems in Western Cultures 16</p> <p>Atheoretical Classification Systems 16</p> <p>The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 16</p> <p>The International Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death (ICD) 17</p> <p>Theory-based Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Classification Systems 18</p> <p>Classification Systems in Non-Western Cultures 19</p> <p>The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD) 20</p> <p>Specific Classification Systems 22</p> <p>Specific Categorical Classification Systems 22</p> <p>Specific Noncategorical Classification Systems 23</p> <p><b>3 Clinical Interviewing with Adults 29<br /></b><i>Christopher C. Conway, Michelle L. Bourgeois, and Timothy A. Brown</i></p> <p>Introduction 29</p> <p>Goals of the Clinical Interview 29</p> <p>Elements of the Clinical Interview 30</p> <p>Diagnostic Criteria 30</p> <p>Risk Assessment 32</p> <p>Behavioral Observation 33</p> <p>Psychosocial Assessment 34</p> <p>Interviewing Techniques 35</p> <p>Reliability and Validity of Interviews 36</p> <p>Integrating Cultural Context in Interviews 38</p> <p>Actuarial Judgment 38</p> <p>Functional Analysis 39</p> <p>Differential Diagnosis 40</p> <p>Summary 40</p> <p><b>4 Clinical Interviews with Children and Adolescents 43<br /></b><i>Eva Charlotte Merten and Silvia Schneider</i></p> <p>Introduction 43</p> <p>Clinical Interviews with Children and Adolescents 45</p> <p>Implementation of Clinical Interviews 51</p> <p>Diagnostics with Children Needs Training! 51</p> <p>Age, Age, Age . . . 52</p> <p>Interviews with Preschool Children 52</p> <p>Are Children Reliable Informants? 53</p> <p>Difficulties in Daily Practice 56</p> <p>Difficulties on the Patient's Side 56</p> <p>Difficulties regarding Taxonomy 57</p> <p>Difficulties on the Diagnostician’s Side 57</p> <p>Everything Perfect? How Often are Structured Interviews used in Clinical Practice? 58</p> <p>Summary 59</p> <p><b>5 Psychological Tests 65<br /></b><i>Robert J. Craig</i></p> <p>Introduction 65</p> <p>Principles and Properties of Psychological Tests 66</p> <p>Types of Psychological Tests 66</p> <p>Objective Personality Tests 67</p> <p>The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) 67</p> <p>Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) 69</p> <p>The Personality Assessment Inventory 72</p> <p>The NEO-PI-R 72</p> <p>Conclusion 73</p> <p>Projective Clinical Assessment Instruments 73</p> <p>Rorschach Inkblot Test 73</p> <p>Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 73</p> <p>Other Instruments 74</p> <p>Computer Test Interpretation 74</p> <p>Recent Challenges 75</p> <p><b>6 A Global Perspective on Neuropsychological Assessment 81<br /></b><i>Rachel N. Casas, Matthew Calamia, and Daniel Tranel</i></p> <p>Introduction 81</p> <p>Overlapping Histories: Neuropsychological Assessment 82</p> <p>Purposes of Neuropsychological Assessment 83</p> <p>Classification of Behavior and Cognition in Neuropsychological Assessment 85</p> <p>Emotionality 86</p> <p>Executive Functions 87</p> <p>Neuropsychological Assessment: Approaches and Methods 87</p> <p>Approaches Emphasizing Qualitative Methods 87</p> <p>Approaches Emphasizing Quantitative Methods 88</p> <p>Critical Considerations for Neuropsychological Assessment in a Global Society 89</p> <p>Interpretation of Neuropsychological Assessment Results 91</p> <p>Feedback and Recommendations 93</p> <p>Future Directions for Neuropsychological Assessment: A Global Perspective 94</p> <p><b>7 Culturally Informed Neuropsychological Assessment 99<br /></b><i>Rosemary Toomey</i></p> <p>Introduction 99</p> <p>The Field of Clinical Neuropsychology 99</p> <p>Clinical Neuropsychology Assessment 100</p> <p>Intelligence 101</p> <p>Achievement 103</p> <p>Attention 103</p> <p>Memory 103</p> <p>Language 104</p> <p>Executive Functioning 104</p> <p>Visual Spatial 105</p> <p>Motor Functioning 105</p> <p>Crosscultural Considerations in Clinical Neuropsychology 105</p> <p>Are Nonverbal Tests Culture Free? 106</p> <p>Bilingualism 106</p> <p>Translating Tests 107</p> <p>Literacy 107</p> <p>Norming by Race or Country 108</p> <p>Acculturation 108</p> <p>Interaction of Different Subject Characteristics 109</p> <p>Child Neuropsychology 109</p> <p>Reading Disorder: A Lens through which to View Crosscultural Issues 109</p> <p>Research Study 110</p> <p>Clinical Case Study 111</p> <p>Background 111</p> <p>Test Performance 111</p> <p>Interpretation 112</p> <p>Diagnosis and Recommendations 112</p> <p>Summary 113</p> <p><b>8 Evidence-Based Treatments: The Debate 119<br /></b><i>Thomas H. Ollendick, Peter Muris, and Cecilia A. Essau</i></p> <p>Introduction 119</p> <p>Defining Evidence-Based Treatments 120</p> <p>Evidence-Based Treatments: The Debate 121</p> <p>Conclusions 128</p> <p><b>9 Childhood and Adolescent Disorders 135<br /></b><i>Amie E. Grills and Melissa K. Holt</i></p> <p>Neurodevelopmental Disorders 136</p> <p>Intellectual Disabilities 136</p> <p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 137</p> <p>Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) 138</p> <p>Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 138</p> <p>Communication Disorders 139</p> <p>Motor Disorders 141</p> <p>Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders 142</p> <p>Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) 143</p> <p>Conduct Disorder (CD) 144</p> <p>Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) 144</p> <p>Summary 145</p> <p><b>10 Mood Disorders 153<br /></b><i>Ulrich Stangier and Elisabeth A. Arens</i></p> <p>Symptomatology and Classification of Mood Disorders 153</p> <p>Epidemiology 156</p> <p>Depressive Disorders 156</p> <p>Bipolar and Related Disorders 157</p> <p>Assessment 157</p> <p>Treatment 158</p> <p>Basic Strategies 158</p> <p>Behavioral Activation 160</p> <p>Cognitive Therapy 161</p> <p>Interpersonal Approaches 162</p> <p>Psychological Treatments for Recurrent and Persistent Depression 163</p> <p>Psychological Treatments for Bipolar Disorder 164</p> <p>Empirical Evidence for the Efficacy of Psychological Treatments in Mood Disorders 165</p> <p>Conclusions 166</p> <p><b>11 Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders 173<br /></b><i>Kirstyn L. Krause and Martin M. Antony</i></p> <p>Treatment of Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders 173</p> <p>Overview of Anxiety and OC-related Disorders 173</p> <p>Diagnostic Features 173</p> <p>Epidemiological Features 174</p> <p>Treatment of Anxiety and OC-Related Disorders 177</p> <p>Psychoeducation 177</p> <p>Motivational Enhancement 177</p> <p>Self-Monitoring 178</p> <p>Cognitive Strategies 178</p> <p>Exposure-Based Strategies 179</p> <p>Relaxation-Based Strategies 180</p> <p>Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Strategies 181</p> <p>Habit Reversal 181</p> <p>Social-Skills Training 182</p> <p>Problem-Solving Training 182</p> <p>Pharmacotherapy 182</p> <p>Psychological Treatments for Particular Disorders 183</p> <p>Cultural Considerations in Treatment 184</p> <p>Summary 185</p> <p><b>12 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 191<br /></b><i>Richard A. Bryant</i></p> <p>Definition 191</p> <p>Prevalence of PTSD 193</p> <p>The Course of PTSD 193</p> <p>Comorbidity 194</p> <p>Theoretical Models of PTSD 194</p> <p>Risk Factors 195</p> <p>Treating PTSD 197</p> <p>Early Intervention for PTSD 198</p> <p>Complex PTSD 199</p> <p>Conclusions 200</p> <p><b>13 Eating Disorders 209<br /></b><i>Brunna Tuschen-Caffier and Jennifer Svaldi</i></p> <p>Psychopathology of Eating Disorders 209</p> <p>Classification of Eating Disorders 209</p> <p>Epidemiology and Comorbidity 211</p> <p>Physical Symptoms and Risks 212</p> <p>Differential Diagnosis 212</p> <p>Assessment 212</p> <p>Development, First Onset and Maintenance Factors 213</p> <p>Treatment 215</p> <p>Cognitive-affective Preparation for Therapy 215</p> <p>Nutritional Management 217</p> <p>Improvement in Body Image Disturbances 218</p> <p>Enhancement of Stress Management including Interpersonal Conflict Management 219</p> <p>Cognitive Interventions 219</p> <p>Maintenance of Therapeutic Gains and Prevention of Relapses 220</p> <p>Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) 220</p> <p><b>14 Sexual Dysfunctions 225<br /></b><i>Pedro J. Nobre</i></p> <p>Introduction 225</p> <p>Classification of Sexual Dysfunctions 225</p> <p>Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions 226</p> <p>Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction 227</p> <p>Sociodemographic, Relationship and Health Risk Factors 227</p> <p>Psychological Factors and Sexual Dysfunction 228</p> <p>Trait Factors 228</p> <p>Psychological Processing Factors 229</p> <p>Psychological Models of Sexual Dysfunction 230</p> <p>Masters and Johnson Psychophysiological Model 230</p> <p>Barlow’s Cognitive-Affective Model 230</p> <p>Nobre’s Cognitive-Emotional Model 231</p> <p>Treatments for Sexual Dysfunction 231</p> <p>Review of Treatment Outcome Studies for Sexual Dysfunction 233</p> <p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Sexual Dysfunction 234</p> <p>Cognitive Restructuring 235</p> <p>Brief Summary 235</p> <p><b>15 Couple Distress 243<br /></b><i>Mehmet Zihni Sungur</i></p> <p>Introduction 243</p> <p>What are the Processes that Differentiate Functional Couples from Dysfunctional Ones? 244</p> <p>Assessment of the Couples 245</p> <p>Goal Setting in Couple Therapy 246</p> <p>Couple Therapy: Strategies and Techniques 247</p> <p>Difficulties with Promoting Change: Difficulties Encountered during Couple Therapy Practice 247</p> <p>Treatment Issues: Couple Therapy 249</p> <p>Treatment Approaches for Intervention 249</p> <p>Behavioral Approaches 250</p> <p>Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy (CBCT) Approaches 251</p> <p>Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) 253</p> <p>Behavioral Systems Approach to Couple Problems 253</p> <p>Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) 254</p> <p>Strategic Approaches and Brief Strategic Couple Therapy (BSCT) 255</p> <p>Solution-Focused Approaches and Brief Solution-Focused Therapy (BSFT) 255</p> <p>Psychoanalytical Approaches 256</p> <p><b>16 Somatic Symptom Disorders 261<br /></b><i>Maria Kleinstäuber and Winfried Rief</i></p> <p>Introduction 261</p> <p>Classifying and Diagnosing SSRD 262</p> <p>Diagnostic Categories According to DSM-5, DSM-IV, and ICD-10 262</p> <p>Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) 262</p> <p>Illness Anxiety Disorder 264</p> <p>Other SSRD 264</p> <p>Critical Reflection on Changes from DSM-IV, and ICD-10 to DSM-5 265</p> <p>Classifying Specific Functional Somatic Syndromes 266</p> <p>Specific Cultural Syndromes of Distress 267</p> <p>Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions for SSRD 267</p> <p>Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) 267</p> <p>Other Psychological Interventions for SSRD 273</p> <p>Psychodynamic Interpersonal Therapy 273</p> <p>General Practitioner (GP) and Reattribution Training 274</p> <p>Empirical Evidence for Psychological Interventions in SSRD 274</p> <p>Transcultural Aspects in Psychological Interventions for SSRD 276</p> <p>Summary and Conclusion 276</p> <p><b>17 Psychotic Disorders 283<br /></b><i>Tania Lincoln</i></p> <p>Introduction 283</p> <p>Description of the Disorder 283</p> <p>Symptoms 284</p> <p>Diagnostic Criteria 285</p> <p>Differential Diagnosis 285</p> <p>Comorbid Disorders and Suicidality 286</p> <p>Epidemiology, Course of the Disorder and Prognosis 286</p> <p>Etiology 287</p> <p>Genetic Risk Factors 287</p> <p>Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors 287</p> <p>Psychosocial Risk Factors 287</p> <p>Psychological Models of Explanation: Interplay of Vulnerability, Stressors and Symptoms 288</p> <p>Neurochemical Models of Explanation: Excess Dopamine 289</p> <p>Integrative Models: Integrating Genes, Environment, Neurochemistry and Cognitive Schema 290</p> <p>Assessment 291</p> <p>Pharmacological Treatment 291</p> <p>Psychological Interventions 293</p> <p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) 293</p> <p>Empirical Evidence for CBTp in Schizophrenia 298</p> <p>Family Behavioral Interventions 299</p> <p>Effectiveness of Psychoeducational Behavioral Family Interventions 301</p> <p>Other Psychological Approaches and their Effectiveness 301</p> <p>Summary and Outlook 302</p> <p><b>18 Neurobiology and Pharmacological Treatment of Mental Disorders 309<br /></b><i>Borwin Bandelow</i></p> <p>Introduction 309</p> <p>Mood Disorders 312</p> <p>Depression 312</p> <p>Bipolar Disorders 314</p> <p>Psychotic Disorders 314</p> <p>Anxiety Disorders 316</p> <p>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 317</p> <p>Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 317</p> <p>Somatic Symptom Disorders 318</p> <p>Substance-Related Disorders 318</p> <p>Alcohol Addiction 318</p> <p>Opioid Addiction 319</p> <p>Dependence on Prescription Drugs 319</p> <p>Eating Disorders 319</p> <p>Personality Disorders 320</p> <p>Borderline Personality Disorder 320</p> <p>Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) 320</p> <p>Dementia 321</p> <p>Sleep Disorders 321</p> <p>Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 321</p> <p>Summary 322</p> <p><b>19 Mindfulness-Based Interventions 327<br /></b><i>Bram Van Bockstaele, Elske Salemink, Brian D. Ostafin, Anne Marie Meijer, and Susan M. Bögels</i></p> <p>Popular Mindfulness-Based Interventions 327</p> <p>Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction 327</p> <p>Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy 328</p> <p>Application of Mindfulness in Mental Health Care 328</p> <p>Psychoeducation Example 329</p> <p>Meditation Practice Example 329</p> <p>Inquiry Example 330</p> <p>Homework Example 330</p> <p>Effects of Mindfulness-based Interventions on Psychological Disorders 330</p> <p>Neurodevelopmental Disorders 330</p> <p>Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders 331</p> <p>Bipolar and Related Disorders 332</p> <p>Depressive Disorders 332</p> <p>Anxiety Disorders 333</p> <p>Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 334</p> <p>Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders 334</p> <p>Feeding and Eating Disorders 335</p> <p>Sleep-Wake Disorders 336</p> <p>Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders 336</p> <p>Neurocognitive Disorders 337</p> <p>Discussion 338</p> <p>Acknowledgments 340</p> <p><b>20 Internet-Based Treatments 347<br /></b><i>Gerhard Andersson and Thomas Berger</i></p> <p>Introduction 347</p> <p>Are Internet Treatments Effective? 348</p> <p>The “How” Question 349</p> <p>A Research Agenda for the World? 350</p> <p>Challenges for the Future 351</p> <p>Summary 353</p> <p><b>21 Virtual Reality 361<br /></b><i>Cristina Botella, Rosa M. Baños, Azucena García-Palacios, and Soledad Quero</i></p> <p>Introduction 361</p> <p>Virtual Reality for the Treatment of Different Psychological Disorders and Health Problems 362</p> <p>Virtual Reality as an Ecological Context for Assessing Human Behavior 363</p> <p>Virtual Reality as a Realistic Laboratory Setting for Psychopathology 365</p> <p>Mood-Induction Procedures 365</p> <p>Study of Cognitive Biases 365</p> <p>Study of Psychotic Phenomena 366</p> <p>Study of the Self and Embodiment Processes 367</p> <p>Virual Reality Developments for the Treatment of Different Mental and Health Conditions 367</p> <p>Specific Phobias 368</p> <p>Social Anxiety Disorder 369</p> <p>Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia 369</p> <p>Generalized Anxiety Disorder 370</p> <p>Stress-Related Disorders 370</p> <p>Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Health Conditions 372</p> <p>Future Perspectives and Ethical Implications of VR 373</p> <p>Summary 374</p> <p><b>22 Working Alliance 383<br /></b><i>Nicole Everitt, Brad Cini, and Nikolaos Kazantzis</i></p> <p>Measurement 384</p> <p>California Psychotherapy Alliance Scales (CALPAS; Marmar & Gaston, 1988) 384</p> <p>Penn Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAq; Luborsky, 1976) 384</p> <p>Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale (VTAS; Hartley & Strupp, 1983) 384</p> <p>Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) 384</p> <p>Evidence for Relations with Outcome 384</p> <p>Temporal Precedence 386</p> <p>Impact of Alliance Rater and Time of Assessment 386</p> <p>Adapting Working Alliance Based on Patient Characteristics 387</p> <p>Evidence for Patient Characteristics in Alliance Research 388</p> <p>Further Critique 388</p> <p>Patient Matching 389</p> <p>The Therapeutic Relationship is More Than the Working Alliance: The Case of Cognitive Behavior Therapy 389</p> <p>Collaboration 390</p> <p>Conclusion 391</p> <p><b>23 Culture in Clinical Psychology: Adapting Treatments 399<br /></b><i>Anushka Patel and Devon E. Hinton</i></p> <p>Why do we Need Culturally Adapted Treatments? 400</p> <p>How to Adapt: Develop New Treatments or Modify what Works? 401</p> <p>Evidence for Efficacy of Cultural Adaptation: What to Adapt 402</p> <p>A Model of Anxiety Generation across Cultural Contexts 403</p> <p>How to Culturally Adapt Treatment? 405</p> <p>Key Treatment Targets 405</p> <p>Psychoeducation and Treatment Engagement 406</p> <p>Teaching Emotion Regulation in a Culturally Appropriate Way 408</p> <p>Culturally Appropriate Exposure 409</p> <p>Summary 411</p> <p>Index 419</p>
<p><b>STEFAN G. HOFMANN,</b> PhD, is Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Boston University, where he directs the Psychotherapy and Emotion Research Laboratory. His main research focuses on the mechanism of treatment change, translating discoveries from neuroscience into clinical applications, emotion regulation strategies, and cultural expressions of psychopathology. He is the author of more than three hundred scientific publications and twenty books. He is a Highly Cited Researcher by Thomson Reuters, and has many other awards.</p>
<p><b>The first book to offer a truly global perspective on the theory and practice of clinical psychology</b> <p>While clinical psychology is practiced the world over, up to now there has been no text devoted to examining it within a global context. The first book of its kind, <i>Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective</i> brings together contributions from clinicians and scholars around the world to share their insights and observations on the theory and practice of clinical psychology. <p>Cultural differences are an important variable in the practice of clinical psychology. Yet, due partly to language barriers and entrenched cultural biases, there is little cross-cultural pollination within the field. In fact, most of the popular texts were written for English-speaking European and Anglo-American audiences and translated for other countries. As a result, most psychologists are unaware of how their profession is conceptualized and practiced in different regions, or how their own practices can be enriched by knowledge of the theories and modalities predominant among colleagues in other parts of the world. This book represents an important first step toward rectifying that state of affairs. This book: <ul> <li>Explores key differences and similarities in how clinical psychology is conceptualized and practiced with children, adolescents, and adults across different countries and cultures</li> <li>Addresses essential research methods, clinical interviews, psychometric testing, neuropsychological assessments, and dominant treatment modalities</li> <li>Follows a consistent format with each chapter focusing on a specific area of the practice of clinical psychology while integrating cultural issues within the discussion</li> <li>Includes coverage of how to adapt one's practice to the differing cultures of individual clients and how to work in multidisciplinary teams within a global context</li> </ul> <p><i>Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective</i> is a valuable resource for students, trainees, and practicing psychologists, especially those who work with ethnic minority groups or with interpreters. It is also a must-read for practitioners who are considering working internationally.

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