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Flight Dynamics and Control of Aero and Space Vehicles


Flight Dynamics and Control of Aero and Space Vehicles


Aerospace Series 1. Aufl.

von: Rama K. Yedavalli, Peter Belobaba, Jonathan Cooper, Allan Seabridge

77,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 10.12.2019
ISBN/EAN: 9781118934432
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 554

DRM-geschütztes eBook, Sie benötigen z.B. Adobe Digital Editions und eine Adobe ID zum Lesen.

Beschreibungen

<p><b>Flight Vehicle Dynamics and Control</b></p> <p>Rama K. Yedavalli, The Ohio State University, USA</p> <p><b><i>A comprehensive textbook which presents flight vehicle dynamics and control in a unified framework</i></b><i> </i></p> <p><i>Flight Vehicle Dynamics and Control</i> presents the dynamics and control of various flight vehicles, including aircraft, spacecraft, helicopter, missiles, etc, in a unified framework. It covers the fundamental topics in the dynamics and control of these flight vehicles, highlighting shared points as well as differences in dynamics and control issues, making use of the ‘systems level’ viewpoint.</p> <p>The book begins with the derivation of the equations of motion for a general rigid body and then delineates the differences between the dynamics of various flight vehicles in a fundamental way. It then focuses on the dynamic equations with application to these various flight vehicles, concentrating more on aircraft and spacecraft cases. Then the control systems analysis and design is carried out both from transfer function, classical control, as well as modern, state space control points of view. Illustrative examples of application to atmospheric and space vehicles are presented, emphasizing the ‘systems level’ viewpoint of control design.</p> <p>Key features:</p> <ul> <li>Provides a comprehensive treatment of dynamics and control of various flight vehicles in a single volume.</li> <li>Contains worked out examples (including MATLAB examples) and end of chapter homework problems.</li> <li>Suitable as a single textbook for a sequence of undergraduate courses on flight vehicle dynamics and control.</li> </ul> <p>The book is essential reading for undergraduate students in mechanical and aerospace engineering, engineers working on flight vehicle control, and researchers from other engineering backgrounds working on related topics.</p>
<p>Preface xxi</p> <p>Perspective of the Book xxix</p> <p><b>Part I Flight Vehicle Dynamics 1</b></p> <p>Roadmap to Part I 2</p> <p><b>1 An Overview of the Fundamental Concepts of Modeling of a Dynamic System </b><b>5</b></p> <p>1.1 Chapter Highlights 5</p> <p>1.2 Stages of a Dynamic System Investigation and Approximations 5</p> <p>1.3 Concepts Needed to Derive Equations of Motion 8</p> <p>1.4 Illustrative Example 15</p> <p>1.5 Further Insight into Absolute Acceleration 20</p> <p>1.6 Chapter Summary 20</p> <p>1.7 Exercises 21</p> <p>Bibliography 22</p> <p><b>2 Basic Nonlinear Equations of Motion in Three Dimensional Space </b><b>23</b></p> <p>2.1 Chapter Highlights 23</p> <p>2.2 Derivation of Equations of Motion for a General Rigid Body 23</p> <p>2.3 Specialization of Equations of Motion to Aero (Atmospheric) Vehicles 32</p> <p>2.4 Specialization of Equations of Motion to Spacecraft 43</p> <p>2.5 Flight Vehicle DynamicModels in State Space Representation 52</p> <p>2.6 Chapter Summary 58</p> <p>2.7 Exercises 58</p> <p>Bibliography 60</p> <p><b>3 Linearization and Stability of Linear Time Invariant Systems </b><b>61</b></p> <p>3.1 Chapter Highlights 61</p> <p>3.2 State Space Representation of Dynamic Systems 61</p> <p>3.3 Linearizing a Nonlinear State Space Model 63</p> <p>3.4 Uncontrolled, Natural Dynamic Response and Stability of First and Second Order Linear Dynamic Systems with State Space Representation 66</p> <p>3.5 Chapter Summary 73</p> <p>3.6 Exercises 74</p> <p>Bibliography 75</p> <p><b>4 Aircraft Static Stability and Control </b><b>77</b></p> <p>4.1 Chapter Highlights 77</p> <p>4.2 Analysis of Equilibrium (Trim) Flight for Aircraft: Static Stability and Control 77</p> <p>4.3 Static Longitudinal Stability 79</p> <p>4.4 Stick Fixed Neutral Point and CG Travel Limits 86</p> <p>4.5 Static Longitudinal Control with Elevator Deflection 92</p> <p>4.6 Reversible Flight Control Systems: Stick Free, Stick Force Considerations 99</p> <p>4.7 Static Directional Stability and Control 105</p> <p>4.8 Engine Out Rudder/Aileron Power Determination: Minimum Control Speed, <i>V</i>MC 107</p> <p>4.9 Chapter Summary 111</p> <p>4.10 Exercises 111</p> <p>Bibliography 114</p> <p><b>5 Aircraft Dynamic Stability and Control via Linearized Models </b><b>117</b></p> <p>5.1 Chapter Highlights 117</p> <p>5.2 Analysis of Perturbed Flight from Trim: Aircraft Dynamic Stability and Control 117</p> <p>5.3 Linearized Equations of Motion in Terms of Stability Derivatives For the Steady, Level Equilibrium Condition 122</p> <p>5.4 State Space Representation for Longitudinal Motion and Modes of Approximation 124</p> <p>5.5 State Space Representation for Lateral/Directional Motion and Modes of Approximation 131</p> <p>5.6 Chapter Summary 138</p> <p>5.7 Exercises 139</p> <p>Bibliography 140</p> <p><b>6 Spacecraft Passive Stabilization and Control </b><b>143</b></p> <p>6.1 Chapter Highlights 143</p> <p>6.2 Passive Methods for Satellite Attitude Stabilization and Control 143</p> <p>6.3 Stability Conditions for Linearized Models of Single Spin Stabilized Satellites 146</p> <p>6.4 Stability Conditions for a Dual Spin Stabilized Satellite 149</p> <p>6.5 Chapter Summary 151</p> <p>6.6 Exercises 152</p> <p>Bibliography 152</p> <p><b>7 Spacecraft Dynamic Stability and Control via Linearized Models </b><b>155</b></p> <p>7.1 Chapter Highlights 155</p> <p>7.2 Active Control: Three Axis Stabilization and Control 155</p> <p>7.3 Linearized Translational Equations of Motion for a Satellite in a Nominal Circular Orbit for Control Design 158</p> <p>7.4 Linearized Rotational (Attitude) Equations of Motion for a Satellite in a Nominal Circular Orbit for Control Design 160</p> <p>7.5 Open Loop (Uncontrolled Motion) Behavior of Spacecraft Models 161</p> <p>7.6 External Torque Analysis: Control Torques Versus Disturbance Torques 161</p> <p>7.7 Chapter Summary 162</p> <p>7.8 Exercises 162</p> <p>Bibliography 163</p> <p><b>Part II Fight Vehicle Control via Classical Transfer Function Based Methods </b><b>165</b></p> <p>Roadmap to Part II 166</p> <p><b>8 Transfer Function Based Linear Control Systems </b><b>169</b></p> <p>8.1 Chapter Highlights 169</p> <p>8.2 Poles and Zeroes in Transfer Functions and Their Role in the Stability and Time Response of Systems 174</p> <p>8.3 Transfer Functions for Aircraft Dynamics Application 179</p> <p>8.4 Transfer Functions for Spacecraft Dynamics Application 183</p> <p>8.5 Chapter Summary 184</p> <p>8.6 Exercises 184</p> <p>Bibliography 186</p> <p><b>9 Block Diagram Representation of Control Systems </b><b>187</b></p> <p>9.1 Chapter Highlights 187</p> <p>9.2 Standard Block Diagram of a Typical Control System 187</p> <p>9.3 Time Domain Performance Specifications in Control Systems 192</p> <p>9.4 Typical Controller Structures in SISO Control Systems 196</p> <p>9.5 Chapter Summary 200</p> <p>9.6 Exercises 201</p> <p>Bibliography 202</p> <p><b>10 Stability Testing of Polynomials </b><b>203</b></p> <p>10.1 Chapter Highlights 203</p> <p>10.2 Coefficient Tests for Stability: Routh–Hurwitz Criterion 204</p> <p>10.3 Left Column Zeros of the Array 208</p> <p>10.4 Imaginary Axis Roots 208</p> <p>10.5 Adjustable Systems 209</p> <p>10.6 Chapter Summary 210</p> <p>10.7 Exercises 210</p> <p>Bibliography 211</p> <p><b>11 Root Locus Technique for Control Systems Analysis and Design </b><b>213</b></p> <p>11.1 Chapter Highlights 213</p> <p>11.2 Introduction 213</p> <p>11.3 Properties of the Root Locus 214</p> <p>11.4 Sketching the Root Locus 218</p> <p>11.5 Refining the Sketch 219</p> <p>11.6 Control Design using the Root Locus Technique 223</p> <p>11.7 Using MATLAB to Draw the Root Locus 225</p> <p>11.8 Chapter Summary 226</p> <p>11.9 Exercises 227</p> <p>Bibliography 229</p> <p><b>12 Frequency Response Analysis and Design </b><b>231</b></p> <p>12.1 Chapter Highlights 231</p> <p>12.2 Introduction 231</p> <p>12.3 Frequency Response Specifications 232</p> <p>12.4 Advantages of Working with the Frequency Response in Terms of Bode Plots 235</p> <p>12.5 Examples on Frequency Response 238</p> <p>12.6 Stability: Gain and Phase Margins 240</p> <p>12.7 Notes on Lead and Lag Compensation via Bode Plots 246</p> <p>12.8 Chapter Summary 248</p> <p>12.9 Exercises 248</p> <p>Bibliography 250</p> <p><b>13 Applications of Classical Control Methods to Aircraft Control </b><b>251</b></p> <p>13.1 Chapter Highlights 251</p> <p>13.2 Aircraft Flight Control Systems (AFCS) 252</p> <p>13.3 Longitudinal Control Systems 252</p> <p>13.4 Control Theory Application to Automatic Landing Control System Design 259</p> <p>13.5 Lateral/Directional Autopilots 265</p> <p>13.6 Chapter Summary 267</p> <p>Bibliography 267</p> <p><b>14 Application of Classical Control Methods to Spacecraft Control </b><b>269</b></p> <p>14.1 Chapter Highlights 269</p> <p>14.2 Control of an Earth Observation Satellite Using a Momentum Wheel and Offset Thrusters: Case Study 269</p> <p>14.3 Chapter Summary 281</p> <p>Bibliography 281</p> <p><b>Part III Flight Vehicle Control via Modern State Space Based Methods </b><b>283</b></p> <p>Roadmap to Part III 284</p> <p><b>15 Time Domain, State Space Control Theory </b>287</p> <p>15.1 Chapter Highlights 287</p> <p>15.2 Introduction to State Space Control Theory 287</p> <p>15.3 State Space Representation in Companion Form: Continuous Time Systems 291</p> <p>15.4 State Space Representation of Discrete Time (Difference) Equations 292</p> <p>15.5 State Space Representation of Simultaneous Differential Equations 294</p> <p>15.6 State Space Equations from Transfer Functions 296</p> <p>15.7 Linear Transformations of State Space Representations 297</p> <p>15.8 Linearization of Nonlinear State Space Systems 300</p> <p>15.9 Chapter Summary 304</p> <p>15.10 Exercises 305</p> <p>Bibliography 306</p> <p><b>16 Dynamic Response of Linear State Space Systems (Including Discrete Time Systems and Sampled Data Systems) </b><b>307</b></p> <p>16.1 Chapter Highlights 307</p> <p>16.2 Introduction to Dynamic Response: Continuous Time Systems 307</p> <p>16.3 Solutions of Linear Constant Coefficient Differential Equations in State Space Form 309</p> <p>16.4 Determination of State Transition Matrices Using the Cayley–Hamilton Theorem 310</p> <p>16.5 Response of a Constant Coefficient (Time Invariant) Discrete Time State Space System 314</p> <p>16.6 Discretizing a Continuous Time System: Sampled Data Systems 317</p> <p>16.7 Chapter Summary 319</p> <p>16.8 Exercises 320</p> <p>Bibliography 321</p> <p><b>17 Stability of Dynamic Systems with State Space Representation with Emphasis on Linear Systems </b><b>323</b></p> <p>17.1 Chapter Highlights 323</p> <p>17.2 Stability of Dynamic Systems via Lyapunov Stability Concepts 323</p> <p>17.3 Stability Conditions for Linear Time Invariant Systems with State Space Representation 328</p> <p>17.4 Stability Conditions for Quasi-linear (Periodic) Systems 337</p> <p>17.5 Stability of Linear, Possibly Time Varying, Systems 338</p> <p>17.6 Bounded Input–Bounded State Stability (BIBS) and Bounded Input–Bounded Output Stability (BIBO) 344</p> <p>17.7 Chapter Summary 345</p> <p>17.8 Exercises 345</p> <p>Bibliography 346</p> <p><b>18 Controllability, Stabilizability, Observability, and Detectability </b><b>349</b></p> <p>18.1 Chapter Highlights 349</p> <p>18.2 Controllability of Linear State Space Systems 349</p> <p>18.3 State Controllability Test via Modal Decomposition 351</p> <p>18.4 Normality or Normal Linear Systems 352</p> <p>18.5 Stabilizability of Uncontrollable Linear State Space Systems 353</p> <p>18.6 Observability of Linear State Space Systems 355</p> <p>18.7 State Observability Test via Modal Decomposition 357</p> <p>18.8 Detectability of Unobservable Linear State Space Systems 358</p> <p>18.9 Implications and Importance of Controllability and Observability 361</p> <p>18.10 A Display of all Three Structural Properties via Modal Decomposition 365</p> <p>18.11 Chapter Summary 365</p> <p>18.12 Exercises 366</p> <p>Bibliography 368</p> <p><b>19 Shaping of Dynamic Response by Control Design: Pole (Eigenvalue) Placement Technique </b><b>369</b></p> <p>19.1 Chapter Highlights 369</p> <p>19.2 Shaping of Dynamic Response of State Space Systems using Control Design 369</p> <p>19.3 Single Input Full State Feedback Case: Ackermann’s Formula for Gain 373</p> <p>19.4 Pole (Eigenvalue) Assignment using Full State Feedback: MIMO Case 375</p> <p>19.5 Chapter Summary 379</p> <p>19.6 Exercises 379</p> <p>Bibliography 381</p> <p><b>20 Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Optimal Control </b><b>383</b></p> <p>20.1 Chapter Highlights 383</p> <p>20.2 Formulation of the Optimum Control Problem 383</p> <p>20.3 Quadratic Integrals and Matrix Differential Equations 385</p> <p>20.4 The Optimum Gain Matrix 387</p> <p>20.5 The Steady State Solution 388</p> <p>20.6 Disturbances and Reference Inputs 389</p> <p>20.7 Trade-Off Curve Between State Regulation Cost and Control Effort 392</p> <p>20.8 Chapter Summary 395</p> <p>20.9 Exercises 395</p> <p>Bibliography 396</p> <p><b>21 Control Design Using Observers 397</b></p> <p>21.1 Chapter Highlights 397</p> <p>21.2 Observers or Estimators and Their Use in Feedback Control Systems 397</p> <p>21.3 Other Controller Structures: Dynamic Compensators of Varying Dimensions 405</p> <p>21.4 Spillover Instabilities in Linear State Space Dynamic Systems 408</p> <p>21.5 Chapter Summary 410</p> <p>21.6 Exercises 410</p> <p>Bibliography 410</p> <p><b>22 State Space Control Design: Applications to Aircraft Control </b><b>413</b></p> <p>22.1 Chapter Highlights 413</p> <p>22.2 LQR Controller Design for Aircraft Control Application 413</p> <p>22.3 Pole Placement Design for Aircraft Control Application 414</p> <p>22.4 Chapter Summary 421</p> <p>22.5 Exercises 421</p> <p>Bibliography 421</p> <p><b>23 State Space Control Design: Applications to Spacecraft Control </b><b>423</b></p> <p>23.1 Chapter Highlights 423</p> <p>23.2 Control Design for Multiple Satellite Formation Flying 423</p> <p>23.3 Chapter Summary 427</p> <p>23.4 Exercises 428</p> <p>Bibliography 428</p> <p><b>Part IV Other Related Flight Vehicles </b><b>429</b></p> <p>Roadmap to Part IV 430</p> <p><b>24 Tutorial on Aircraft Flight Control by Boeing </b><b>433</b></p> <p>24.1 Tutorial Highlights 433</p> <p>24.2 System Overview 433</p> <p>24.3 System Electrical Power 436</p> <p>24.4 Control Laws and System Functionality 438</p> <p>24.5 Tutorial Summary 441</p> <p>Bibliography 442</p> <p><b>25 Tutorial on Satellite Control Systems </b><b>443</b></p> <p>25.1 Tutorial Highlights 443</p> <p>25.2 Spacecraft/Satellite Building Blocks 443</p> <p>25.3 Attitude Actuators 445</p> <p>25.4 Considerations in Using Momentum Exchange Devices and Reaction Jet Thrusters for Active Control 445</p> <p>25.5 Tutorial Summary 449</p> <p>Bibliography 449</p> <p><b>26 Tutorial on Other Flight Vehicles </b><b>451</b></p> <p>26.1 Tutorial on Helicopter (Rotorcraft) Flight Control Systems 451</p> <p>26.2 Tutorial on Quadcopter Dynamics and Control 462</p> <p>26.3 Tutorial on Missile Dynamics and Control 465</p> <p>26.4 Tutorial on Hypersonic Vehicle Dynamics and Control 468</p> <p>Bibliography 470</p> <p><b>Appendices </b><b>471</b></p> <p><b>Appendix A Data for Flight Vehicles </b><b>472</b></p> <p>A.1 Data for Several Aircraft 472</p> <p>A.2 Data for Selected Satellites 476</p> <p><b>Appendix B Brief Review of Laplace Transform Theory </b><b>479</b></p> <p>B.1 Introduction 479</p> <p>B.2 Basics of Laplace Transforms 479</p> <p>B.3 Inverse Laplace Transformation using the Partial Fraction Expansion Method 482</p> <p>B.4 Exercises 483</p> <p><b>Appendix C A Brief Review of Matrix Theory and Linear Algebra </b><b>487</b></p> <p>C.1 Matrix Operations, Properties, and Forms 487</p> <p>C.2 Linear Independence and Rank 489</p> <p>C.3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 490</p> <p>C.4 Definiteness of Matrices 492</p> <p>C.5 Singular Values 493</p> <p>C.6 Vector Norms 497</p> <p>C.7 Simultaneous Linear Equations 499</p> <p>C.8 Exercises 501</p> <p>Bibliography 503</p> <p><b>Appendix D Useful MATLAB Commands </b><b>505</b></p> <p>D.1 Author Supplied Matlab Routine for Formation of Fuller Matrices 505</p> <p>D.2 Available Standard Matlab Commands 507</p> <p>Index 509</p>
<p><b>Rama K. Yedavalli</b> is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Ohio State University. His research interests include systems level robust stability analysis and control design for uncertain dynamical systems with applications to mechanical and aerospace systems. He also works on robust control, distributed control, adaptive control, hybrid systems control and control of time delay systems with applications to mechanical and aerospace systems.
<p><b>Flight Dynamics and Control of Aero and Space Vehicles</b> <p>"Different from most existing books on the subject, this book covers not only aircraft but also spacecraft via the frequency-domain transfer function based control theory as well as the time-domain state space based control theory, thereby providing important concepts of flight dynamics and control in an integral way, which is crucial for students in aerospace engineering who want to know how flight vehicles fly as intended."</br> — Inseok Hwang, PhD, Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University <p>"The book is a 'must have' for students as well as practicing engineers. I think that the book is unique and it is a complete guideline for two undergraduate courses. It is extremely well written, and it shows the high level scientific background of its author."</br> — Mario Innocenti, PhD, Full Professor of Aerospace Dynamics and Control, Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa <p><b><i>Flight Dynamics and Control of Aero and Space Vehicles</i></b> Rama K. Yedavalli, The Ohio State University, USA <p><b><i>A comprehensive textbook which presents flight vehicle dynamics and control in a unified framework</i></b> <p><i>Flight Dynamics and Control of Aero and Space Vehicles</i> presents the dynamics and control of various flight vehicles, including aircraft, spacecraft, helicopter, missiles, etc, in a unified framework. It covers the fundamental topics in the dynamics and control of these flight vehicles, highlighting shared points as well as differences in dynamics and control issues, making use of the 'systems level' viewpoint. <p>The book begins with the derivation of the equations of motion for a general rigid body and then delineates the differences between the dynamics of various flight vehicles in a fundamental way. It then focuses on the dynamic equations with application to these various flight vehicles, concentrating more on aircraft and spacecraft cases. Then the control systems analysis and design is carried out both from transfer function, classical control, as well as modern, state space control points of view. Illustrative examples of application to atmospheric and space vehicles are presented, emphasizing the 'systems level' viewpoint of control design. <p><b>Key features:</b> <ul> <li>Provides a comprehensive treatment of dynamics and control of various flight vehicles in a single volume.</li> <li>Contains worked out examples (including MATLAB examples) and end of chapter homework problems.</li> <li>Suitable as a single textbook for a sequence of undergraduate courses on flight vehicle dynamics and control.</li> </ul> <p>The book is essential reading for undergraduate students in mechanical and aerospace engineering, engineers working on flight vehicle control, and researchers from other engineering backgrounds working on related topics.
"Different from the most existing books on the subject, this book covers not only aircraft but also spacecraft via the frequency-domain transfer function based control theory as well as the time-domain state space based control theory, thereby providing important concepts of flight dynamics and control in an integral way, which is crucial for students in aerospace engineering who want to know how flight vehicles fly as intended."<br />Inseok Hwang, PhD, Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics<br />School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University<br /><br />"The book is a “must have” for students as well as practicing engineers. I think that the book is unique and it is a complete guideline for two undergraduate courses. It is extremely well written, and it shows the high level scientific background of its author."<br />Mario Innocenti, PhD, Full Professor of Aerospace Dynamics and Control<br />Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa

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