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<p>List of Contributors</p> <p>Preface</p> <p><b>Chapter 1 Introduction</b></p> <p>1.1 Background</p> <p>1.2 Fundamentals</p> <p>1.3 Applications</p> <p>1.4 A guide to this book</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 Current development of CO2 heat pump</b></p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 CO2 properties</p> <p>2.3 Working principle of transcritical CO2 heat pump</p> <p>2.4 A brief history of CO2 heat pump</p> <p>2.5 CO2 cascade heat pump system</p> <p>2.6 Advanced CO2 heat pump system with an ejector</p> <p><b>Chapter 3 Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cooling</b></p> <p>3.1 Supercritical properties</p> <p>3.2 Supercritical heat transfer fluid mechanics</p> <p>3.3 Supercritical gas cooling experiments</p> <p>3.4 Supercritical CO2 heat transfer correlations</p> <p>3.5 Supercritical CO2 pressure drop</p> <p>3.6 Supercritical CO2 heat transfer and pressure drop with lubricants</p> <p>3.7 Summary and need for additional research</p> <p><b>Chapter 4 Boiling flow and heat transfer of CO2 in an evaporator</b></p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Boiling heat transfer of liquid CO2 in an evaporator</p> <p>4.3 Sublimation heat ransfer of dry ice-gas CO2 in an evaporator/sublimator</p> <p><b>Chapter 5 Theoretical analysis of CO2 expansion process</b></p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Thermodynamic analysis of the expansion process in transcritical CO2 cycles</p> <p>5.3 Theory of ejector-expansion devices</p> <p>5.4 Expansion work recovery devices for transcritical CO2 systems</p> <p><b>Chapter 6 Trans-critical carbon dioxide compressors</b></p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Sliding vane CO2 compressor</p> <p>6.3 Screw CO2 compressor</p> <p>6.4 CO2 rolling rotor compressor</p> <p>6.5 SCO2 scroll compressor</p> <p>6.6 SCO2 turbo-compressor</p> <p>6.7 SCO2 piston compressor</p> <p>6.8 Future trends</p> <p>6.9 Some key technical problems of CO2 compressor</p> <p>6.10 Conclusion and perspectives</p> <p><b>Chapter 7 CO2 subcooling</b></p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 CO2 thermodynamic properties and approach</p> <p>7.3 Internal heat exchanger</p> <p>7.4 Dedicated mechanical subcooling</p> <p>7.5 Integrated mechanical subcooling</p> <p>7.6 Summary</p> <p><b>Chapter 8 High temperature CO2 heat pump system and optimization</b></p> <p>8.1 Background</p> <p>8.2 Basic system design</p> <p>8.3 High temperature operation and key equipment</p> <p>8.4 System Optimization</p> <p>8.5 Applications and challenges</p> <p>8.6 Commercialized Products by High Temperature CO2 Heat Pump</p> <p>8.7 Summary</p> <p><b>Chapter 9 Performance Analysis and Optimization of a CO2 Heat Pump Water Heating System</b></p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 System configuration</p> <p>9.3 System modeling</p> <p>9.4 Numerical solution</p> <p>9.5 Conditions for performance analysis and optimization</p> <p>9.6 Performance analysis under periodically steady state</p> <p>9.7 Performance enhancement by extracting tepid water</p> <p>9.8 Performance analysis under unsteady state</p> <p>9.9 Performance estimation under unsteady state</p> <p>9.10 Performance optimization under unsteady state</p> <p>9.11 Other issues on performance analysis and optimization</p> <p><b>Chapter 10 Transcritical CO2 heat pump space heating</b></p> <p>10.1 Attempts towards the space heating used a transcritical CO2 heat pump</p> <p>10.2 Thermodynamic analysis of the subcooler based CO2 heat pump</p> <p>10.3 Comparison between the subcooler based CO2 system and the cascade cycle</p> <p>10.4 Optimal discharge pressure</p> <p>10.5 Optimal medium temperature</p> <p>10.6 Conclusion and prospect</p> <p>References</p>

<p><b>XIN-RONG ZHANG, PHD,</b> is Professor in the Department of Energy and Resources Engineering at Peking University in China. His contribution to this area includes not only the funda­mentals, such as flow and heat transfer of supercritical CO₂; but also applications, designs of commercial and industrial CO₂ heat pumps, novel CO₂ re­frigeration cycle using solid-gas flow, and solar powered CO₂ cogeneration system. He teaches a graduate course called “CO₂ Refrigeration and Heat Pumps” at Peking University.</p> <p><b>HIROSHI YAMAGUCHI, PHD,</b> is Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Doshisha University in Japan. He received his doctorate from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology in the United Kingdom in 1982. His research focus is on fluid engineering, solar energy conversion, ultra-low temperature refrigeration, and magnetic fluids.

<P><b>EXPLORE A TIMELY AND COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION TO CO₂ HEAT PUMP THEORY AND USAGE</b> <P><i>Transcritical CO₂ Heat Pumps: Fundamentals and Applications</i> delivers a complete introduction to both refrigeration and heating cycles using CO₂ as the working fluid. The book explores the basic theories, devices, systems, cycles, and real-world designs for a variety of applications, including residential water heaters, commercial HVAC systems, space heating, and residential, commercial, and industrial heat pumps. <P>The distinguished authors describe why CO₂ has received a great deal of attention in the trans-critical compression refrigeration thermodynamics cycle of air conditioners and heat pumps. They also discuss why CO₂ refrigeration and heat pumps are expected to be at the forefront of future technology both in the lab and in the market. <P>You’ll discover the fundamental properties of CO₂ as well as a variety of common and useful applications of the technology, like revised Carnot cycle heating and cooling equipment. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: <li><bl>A thorough introduction to the thermodynamic cycles of transcritical heat pumps, including the properties of pure substances, the phase change process, and the Carnot cycle</bl></li> <li><bl>An exploration of heat pump working fluids, including natural working fluids and carbon dioxide fluids</bl></li> <li><bl>Practical discussions of heat pump cycles and systems, including heat pump cooling and heating cycles, components, design, and thermodynamic analysis</bl></li> <li><bl>An examination of trans-critical CO₂ heat pump cycles, including the various practical cycle</bl></li> <P>Perfect for researchers and practicing engineers in the fields of HVAC and refrigeration, <i>Transcritical CO₂ Heat Pumps: Fundamentals and Applications</i> will also earn a place in the libraries of senior undergraduate and graduate students in mechanical engineering and thermodynamics programs.

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